I-Toompea Castle: imbali kunye neentsuku zethu

I-Toompea Castle yinye yezinto ezintle kunye nezolonwabo kwi-Estonia yesimanje. Le nqaba yasendulo yayakhiwe kwi-XIII inkulungwane kwisiza sokukhutshwa komthi. Umbono wembali usifikile kwiintsuku zethu kwindawo enhle kakhulu. Namhlanje i-castle ifakwe kwiLifa leNgugu leMveli le-UNESCO, indawo yalo iyaqhubeka isetyenziselwa iimfuno zelizwe. Ngamaxesha kukho ukuvakasha kwabakhenkethi, kwaye bonke abahambahambayo banokuyithanda iindonga zamandulo.

Imithetho malunga nesiseko seTompea

I-Vyshgorod yindawo ephambili yeTallinn, ebizwa ngokuba yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiDolophu ephezulu. Ukuhlala kwendawo yakudala kusekelwe kwindawo enomdla kakhulu. Kuphakame ngamanqabunga-imvula, ephakamileyo kwiimitha ezingama-48 ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle. Kwimibhalo yamandulo ngokokuqala ngqa ukuhlala kule ndawo kuthethwa phantsi kwegama leKoluvan. Kamva i-settlement yayibizwa ngokuba yiTompea yaye yayiyinkulu kunazo zonke e-Estland. Kukho umxholo omhle malunga nenqaba yendawo. Ngokutsho kwe-Estonian folk opus "Kalevipoeg", iNqaba yeTompea yakhiwa kwisiza sokuphumla kwenkosi yamandulo uKalev. Xa umlawuli efa, umfazi wakhe uLinda ubuhlungu buhlungu. Inkosikazi yakhe ethandekayo indlovukazi yangcwatyelwa entabeni kwaye yaqhutyelwa ngxondorha yamatye amakhulu, kamva yaba yidolophu enqaba.

Imbali Yokwenyaniso Yenkqantosi

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13 iTomoma yidolophu enkulu kunazo zonke e-Estland. Isixeko esiphezulu ngelo xesha sasizungezwe ngeendonga zokhuni kunye neendonga ezikwinqanaba. Kwinqanaba le-castle, abalimi, abalimi kunye nabaqhibizi baqala ukulungiswa, kwakhiwa imigca yokurhweba. Ngaloo xesha, iTomoma Castle yayicingwa njengendawo enkulu yokuthenga, njengoko kwakukho i-port e kufuphi. Ngo-1219 iinqaba zokhuni, kwaye kamva zonke i-Estland, zafunyanwa nguKumkani Waldemar II (waseDenmark). Ngokukhawuleza uMnqobi wayexabisa ukubaluleka kweTompea. Ngokomyalelo wenkosi entsha, iinqaba zaqala ukuvuselelwa ngokukhawuleza.

Izazi-mlando ziyavuma ukuba uWaldemar II wakwazi ukwakha inqaba yokhuni ethembekileyo kuphela. Kakade ngo-1227 iDenmark yalahlekelwa igunya layo phezu kwe-Estland, amazwe asekumantla karhulumente athathwe yi- Order of Swordmen. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, kwisikhokelo sePapa waseRoma, i-koloni yaphinde yahanjiswa ebukumkanini baseDanish. IDenmark ngowe-1346 yagqiba ukuthengisa umhlaba kwi-Order yeTeutonic, leyo leyo yaza yavuselela ngokutsha indlu yaseTompea kunye nemimandla ejikelezayo eya kwi- Livonian Order. Umnini ngamnye wayefuna ukuvuselela inqaba. Kukholelwa ukuba isakhiwo sokukhusela safumana ukubonakala kwayo kwanamhlanje ngokugqithiseleyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XV. Kuyaziwa ukuba inqaba eyaziwayo "iHong Herman" yakhiwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiiKtights ze-Livonian Order.

I-Architecture ye-castle

I-Toompea yeNqaba (iTallinn) ngokwemigqaliselo ye-quadrangle ngokuqhelekileyo. Isakhiwo soqhagamshelwano siqinisekisiwe ngeibhokhwe ezine, ezikuloo ndawo. Eyona edume kakhulu kubo "i-Long Herman" ("Umkhosi Omdala"). Inqaba yakhiwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14, kwaye kamva yakhiwa. Namhlanje ubude balo buyii-48 zamitha. Umgca wokugqibela ovulekileyo we "Long Herman" yiflegi yase-Estonia. Ngexesha elithile kamva, ezinye iindonga zakhiwa: "Styur-den-Curl" ("Cinga utshaba"), "Pilštike" ("Ukutsala kweentolo") kunye ne "Landskrona" ("iKrown of Earth"). Ukongezelela, iinqaba zakhuselwa ngumkhuhlane onzulu.

ITomoma Castle (Tallinn) namhlanje

Ngekhulu le-16, emva kwemfazwe yaseVietonian, abaseSweden bahlala kumazwe ase-Estonia. Ngaloo xesha, iTomoma Castle yayicatshangelwa ukuba "ayinakulungeka" kwaye iphela njengento ekhuselayo. Ngenxa yoko, inqaba ayifumananga kakuhle. Ekuqaleni kweXVIII inkulungwane ye-Estonia inxalenye yolawulo lwaseRashiya. Ngethuba lolawulo lukaChristine II, le nqaba yakhiwa kwakhona ukuze ihlalise urhulumente. Ngexesha lemisebenzi, inxalenye yodonga kunye nenye yeenqaba ezi-4 zachithwa. Kule meko ukuba inqaba ingabonwa namhlanje. Ngomnyaka we-1997, iinqaba zafumana ngokusemthethweni isimo sengingqi kwaye zafakwa kwiLungu leMveli ye-UNESCO. Namhlanje iTomoma Castle (iTallinn, idilesi: I-Toompea Hill, i-Upper Town) isihlalo esisemthethweni sepalamente.

Indlela yokufumana ityelelo?

Iphutha elingenakuthethelelwa ukuya eTallinn kwaye kungabikho inqaba yeTompea. Le ngenye yeempawu eziphambili zase-Estonia, kunye nenqaba, eyona nto igcinwe kuyo. Abavakhenkethi bafuna ukuthanda ama-panorama yenkqantosi kunye nokufotshwa kwimihlathi yangaphambili. Abaninzi baholide banomdla, kodwa ngaba ndingena ngaphakathi? Nangona iinjongo zanamhlanje zenkqantosi, ukuhanjwa kubanjwe. Kufuneka ibhalwe kwangaphambili. I-Toompea Castle (iTallinn) inemoya yokusebenza kungekhona njengemyuziyam eziqhelekileyo. Inqaba inokutyelelwa kuphela njengenxalenye yeqela elihlelwe (ukususela ngoMsombuluko ukuya kuLwesihlanu, ukususela ngo-9 ekuseni ukuya ku-4 ntambama), ukuba ufaka isicelo seentsuku ezingama-5-10 ngaphambi komhla wokufunwa wokutyelela. Qhagamshelana ne-arhente yehambo ekhethekileyo kunye nencwadi yokuhamba. Ukuba ufuna ukubona i-castle kuphela ngaphandle, qiniseka ukuba ubujonge ukusuka ecaleni lasentshonalanga.