HTTP-ephepheni: inkcazelo, parameters, iimpawu kunye neziphakamiso

I-Internet mihla isekelwe unxibelelwano phakathi ngumxhasi (umkhangeli zincwadi) kunye umncedisi. Ukuze bakwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye, iprotocol ezizodwa sele ziphuhlisiwe. Enye yezi le HTTP, kunye Bulelani kuye, abasebenzisi ukubaleka nge ibhrawuza kunye nembono HTML-amaphepha.

Yintoni HTTP-headers

HTTP - yindlela eya HTML-amaphepha ukwabelana phakathi kweekhompyutha ezimbini. Le protocol lwasungulwa 1990 yaye sithetha nje indlela eziphambili ukubonisa amaphepha kunye iProtokhol.

HTTP-iiheader - umgca leswaku iikhompyutha. Oku kusikhumbuza ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu. Umkhangeli xa uvula site ivelisa isicelo, oko kukunika ulwazi oluyimfuneko engabo (ulwimi, ilizwe, kubhekiswa njengezinobutyebi, uguqulelo kernel, njalo njalo. N.). Lonke olu lwazi uthunyelwa kumncedisi, kwaye kukho kukho inkqubo ethile (Apache, Nginx, LiteSpeed kunye nangaphezulu. N.). Ithi umtya ezifunyenweyo kwaye ngokuxhomekeke umbuzo ivelisa impendulo.

Ngokomzekelo, le ndoda yagqiba ukuvula google.com, oko lazisa ikhonkco kwi bhokisi yokukhangela kwaye isikhangeli ivelisa isicelo. Umkhangeli zincwadi HTTP-ephepheni imiqathango ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Le umgca wokuqala	Bonisa google.com
yombuzo	Ndisuka Russia I sebenzisa Google Chrome Ndidinga i HTML-ikhowudi Mna ulwazi malunga umsebenzisi
HTTP umzimba	I lindela

Umncedisi Iinkqubo iinkcukacha ze luze impendulo:

Le umgca wokuqala	Konke kakuhle, kwiphepha ifunyanwa kunye nemisebenzi
impendulo	Ndisebenza on Apache Iphepha litshintshiwe 27.5.2017 UTF-8 encoding
nomzimba womyalezo	Fumana iphepha ikhowudi Olu lwazi entsha evela kumsebenzisi (login, password)

Umzimba womyalezo usasazwa ugqithiselwa HTML-ikhowudi amaphepha.

Iimpawu HTTPS

Ngoku uninzi sites kunye abapasileyo kwi HTTP- HTTP-intanethi. Umahluko yokugqibela yi ufihlo olongezelelweyo yonke ingcaciso ethunyelwayo. Phambi kokuqala umxhasi lotshintshiselwano kufuna SSL-isiqinisekiso lomncedisi ungqinisiso provverki. Kuba umphuhlisi ayitshintshi, kwaye uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ukusebenza ngaphandle loyamano ikhowudi.

Umxhamli emva kokufumana iitshekhi isiqinisekiso ngenxa sobunyani (uthelekisa isiqinisekiso kwiseva kunye nesiqinisekiso kweli ziko). Ukuba yonke into kakuhle, ngoko iqala le HTTP-protocol. Emva kokuqinisekisa iiheader ukuba ifihliwe nge isiqinisekiso RSA. Ngoku umhlaseli na ukuba ulwazi olubalulekileyo umsebenzisi (igama elithile, iphaswedi, njalo njalo. N.).

Ukubukela HTTP-incoko yababini

HTTP-dialogue ukujonga ngokuzimeleyo. Njengoko binzana lisetyenziswa ukuncitshiswa ezikhethekileyo - Umhla, Cookies, Inginginya, ServerAdmin, etc. Jonga HTTP - .. Headers Ungasebenzisa ulwandiso umkhangeli. Kwakhona liya kunceda iinkonzo online.

Ukujonga HTTP-header lweeplagi ezifakiweyo ze zisetyenziswe:

• Firebug.
• HTTP ephepheni Live.
• HTTP izihloko.

Of iinkonzo intanethi, sebenzisa:

• Bertal.ru.
• stupid.su.
• Speed-Tester.Info.

komisa bathenga kwiseva iiheader ukubonisa kwi window eyahlukileyo. Besuka page omnye lungafumaneka izihloko 100-200, yaye inokuthunyelwa rhoqo emva kwexesha elithile. Umzekelo, ukuba khangela Intanethi omphakathi.

HTTP-iiheader angohlulwa ngeentlobo ezine:

• (Headers Jikelele) Jikelele - ezisetyenziswa kwisicelo kunye nempendulo;
• ukucela (Isicelo iiheader) - kuba isicelo;
• ukuba impendulo (Impendulo iiheader) - impendulo;
• Ulwazi malunga iqumrhu (Iqumrhu iiheader) - imibuzo neempendulo.

Isiqalo line ye client

Ukuqalisa utshintshiselwano ngolwazi, kuqala umgca engundoqo. Client lithi ifayile okanye into alisweleyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo iindlela ezithile zokujongana ukuya protocol. Ubume umgca yokuqala ubunjwe ezintathu:

indlela umbuzo	into	protocol
POST	/c840024/upload.php	HTTP / 1.1

Emva koko, qiniseka kukho umgca kunye Inginginya elikhankanyiweyo URL-idilesi wesiza. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zophando. Program bavame ukusebenzisa:

• GET - isicelo solwazi (impendulo ithunyelwa server kwi link).
• POST - ukuthumela iinkcukacha kumncedisi ngendlela efihlakeleyo (impendulo ayibonakali kwi bar idilesi).
• INTLOKO - ngokufanayo GET, kodwa iseva imbuyekezo kuphela isihloko.
• Mbekeni - ukudluliswa izicelo enkulu URL;

Emva kokuthumela umgca yokuqala elandelwa zonke ezinye izihloko - Ummeli Womsebenzisi, Cookie, njl Ngaphandle unyango lokuqala akwenzeki ukuqala benikana ulwazi phezu HTTP ... Izihloko nawo kongezwe kuphela protocol 1.0 kwaye akafuni komunye.

Ukutshintshelwa yolwazi evela client

Emva ukudluliselwa komgca yokuqala, umxhasi ithumela iinkcukacha zayo kukubanjwa, umzekelo, uhlobo lwebrawuza kunye nolwimi esetyenzisiweyo. Ukuba oyifunayo, umncedisi makaqhubele isicelo kunye nolunye ulwazi oluvela umthengi:

Ezifunekayo (njalo wadlulisela) HTTP-Isicelo header aba uMzimba, Referer, Ummeli Womsebenzisi Uze Wamkele.

Ngesicelo headers ezichaphazela uhlelo ayikwazi, ukuba akhiwa ngumkhangeli zincwadi. Qwalasela transfer yabo kuba kule nkqubo ngenxa yokwandisa olongezelelweyo.

Server HTTP-ephepheni - engazukuphendula izicelo ze kwiphepha

Emva kokufumana izicelo ezivela umxhasi, iphepha uthumela umncedisi ezithile imitya. Xa PHP ye HTTP ukudluliselwa - isihloko esetyenziswa yi header () umsebenzi. Umzekelo, uyakwazi ingxelo indawo entsha wephepha:

header ( 'Indawo: http://www.site.com/').

Ukususela iphepha kwi umncedisi kwi data umxhasi eyayithunyelwe ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Lendlela bangafunda ingcaciso efunekayo evela kwiseva:

Ikakhulu ezi zicelo kufuneka ukubonisa kakuhle ikhasi browser. Zisetyenziswa ukuphucula isantya kulayishwa amaphepha.

sematheni umongo

Kukho izihloko ukuba kuthetha isicelo kunye nempendulo, isicelo ngasinye ebotshelelwe kwiqumrhu ethile (nge HTML iphepha-ikhowudi). Ngenxa kwezi zicelo isikhangeli ikhankanya ulwazi malunga nephepha. Zisetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo ngenxa ukulondoloza.

Isihloko kakhulu popular kubaluleke Last-Modified. Esi sicelo kufuneka ithunyelwe kwi kokubini zeweb kumncedisi, kunye vice versa. Ngesi isihloko umthengi ifumana ukuba ingaba kuyimfuneko ukuhlaziya efihlakeleyo yayo. Umzekelo Ingxoxo :

Client: "Ndiya kuba cache ka 05.16.2016, ukuba iphepha laguquka kumncedisi?"

Umncedisi: "Ewe, i-cache itshintshile 03.19.2017, nanku inguqulelo entsha."

impendulo server

Zakuba zifikile umgca yokuqala ukusuka umxhasi, umncedisi ivelisa impendulo.

HTTP	inguqulo yomthetho olandelwayo	isimo isihloko	Ukucacisa
HTTP	1.1	200	Kulungile

Ukuba ubume uxhulumaniso kuqinisekisiwe, umncedisi ungathumela umxhasi ulwazi oluceliweyo.

Umzekelo http-dialogue kunokubonwa kumfanekiso ongezantsi.

Cela yakha wenkqubo kwiphepha ngokusebenzisa i header ().

isimo codes

Ukuze uqhubeke ukunxibelelana umxhasi kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba yonke into isebenza kwi kukubanjwa kwaye iboniswe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa oku, ukuba be of iimpendulo yasungulwa. Zimele inombolo enamanani ezintathu.

isimo yokuGqithisela, ungakwazi ukuqala nge amaphepha nje isihloko, ezifana header ( «http / 1.1 200 Kulungile»).

amakhasi ipheyiji

Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo ngokutshintshiselana amaphepha, oko yasungulwa ukulondoloza. Page lugcinwe ifomu zixinaniswe kwi ivenkile computer wendawo. Ngoku Izihloko Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba thumela iifayile ezinkulu. Kufuneka kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi ukubanjwa kwaye umthengi iyafana.

Udale izicelo ezizodwa cache umgca, emva kokufumana header ukusingatha ukusuka kutshekishwa umxhasi ukuze abone ukuba i cache le page. Ukuba akunjalo, eyicela evela kwiseva. Kwixesha elizayo, phambi kokuba abafikelela ibrawuza kwi protocol liya kutshekisha kuphela ukuba ngaba efihlakeleyo ayiguqulwanga kwi umncedisi.

Ukujonga iinkcukacha ezimfutshane efanelekileyo, kuboniswe kule semthethweni HTTP iiheader. Umntu ithumela inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni iifayile zocelo zigcinwa ekuhlaleni kuwo, kwaye iseva ubonisa version yayo. Ukuba ziyavumelana, isikhangeli ubonisa nje version yayo ye-cache.

Kuba SEO-Ukulungiselelwa ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka khankanya umhla kwi HTTP okuphezulu kwephepha. Ukuze ezi njongo Yokugqibela-Modified. Ukongeza, i-cache zihlaziywe emva kwexesha ezinye zokugcina. Ukulungiselela le njongo Iphelelwa. Ukuba uqwalasele indawo yokugcina esetyenziswayo Cache-Control, kuba oko Ukuvumela okanye ukungavumeli ukugcina ulwazi kweli phepha.

Ukumisa efihlakeleyo olululo ikuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukuhambisa oovimba babo ngomba ophezulu kakhulu iinjini zokuphendla. Ubuchule Yandex ne Google rhoqo undwendwela isayithi kwaye balondoloze imali yayo koovimba bam. Emva kwethutyana ke nisinga umncedisi ukujonga ukufaneleka ixesha ulwazi. Ukuba le ngcaciso itshintshile, uhlaziyo ifayile lwenzeka kwi server injini yokukhangela, kwaye idatha ukuphinda-isalathiso.

Abanye ukucebisa ukudlulisela isihloko Last-Modified umhla nezolo, wayethembe ukuba irobhothi kuba uya kubagcina in phezulu kwinqaku kunikezelo search. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba algorithm iye kwakhona ukutshintsha lonke ixesha ulwazi ngaphakathi cache ngokutsha index ngayo. Akunyanzelekanga kusoloko kukhokelela kwiziphumo emihle kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubi kuphela indawo nqaku.

Kwi URL-ikhonkco kwi bar browser

Ukunxibelelana kukubanjwa wazisa umsebenzisi ngexesha ngalinye le URL-nxulumano browser yakho. Le iseti onesimilo isakhiwo eqinisekileyo, yaye ingcaciso eyimfuneko ethunyelwayo therethrough. link Isakhiwo siquka iindawo ezintlanu:

• protocol;
• into obunqwenelekayo kunye nedilesi yayo;
• port yokuphatha;
• HTTP-line (ukuthumela indlela GET);
• umbuzo-code.

Ngoncedo links ungafikelela nje kuphela kuhlobo HTTP amaphepha, PHP, njalo njalo. N. Ngabo kunokwenzeka ukuphendla oovimba, okanye uthumele iinkcukacha ukuya kwenye ikhompyutha. Le ndlela ngokufuthi imigewu baqhuba SQL-inaliti kunye ezahlukeneyo iindlela ulwazi ukusuka kwisiza ledatha.

ethile URL kukunqongophala kwenkxaso kwezinye ezazibhalwa - zisetyenziswa kakhulu Latin. Ngenxa yoku, kufuneka ukucinga ngendlela eyiyo ngenxa kwisihloko emfutshane senqaku phambi ncwadi. Ngapha koko, ikhonkco-enjini yokukhangela ivavanye luncedo resource kwaye ulwazi oluya kwenza ukuba kuphuculeke iphepha le umsebenzisi. Ngoko ke, e SEO-Ukulungiselelwa kufuneka ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ehlawulwa ekubunjweni URL echanekileyo ngesihloko.