Gunn: ukusebenza mgomo isicelo

Gunn diode - a semiconductor, onako azibandakanye kwisizukulwana oscillations kwi ezitsho ezahlukeneyo. Le igcina elektroniki isixhobo bathengisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba bahluka ubukhulu. Ipharamitha iphambili iinguqulelo ibalisa Uhanjiso le yangoku, ombane, rhoqo kunye nokumelana ubuninzi.

Gunn isixhobo diode ofana semiconductor oluqhelekileyo. imodeli Standard iqulathe umaleko arsenide obhityileyo. Kwakhona ngaphakathi isixhobo unalo kaLayishe waseGalim okhethekileyo ngoLwesithathu kunye nabo. Phantsi arsenide layer ibekwe dopants kunye electrode. Gunn technology diode lokuvelisa kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka.

Zisebenza njani?

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ilight. Umgaqo nokusebenza kwezixhobo eyakhelwe kwi inguqu oscillation. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho amaza kumphathi wesekethe. Ekuqaleni ombane isicelo kwiitheminali, apho yimincili arsenide umaleko. Okulandelayo, electrode basetyenziswa ngqo. Ukomelela ukunyuka emagneti. nabo Optical kwinkqubo ayafuneka ukwandisa uxhathiso. Inkqubo ibingavelisi oscillations lwenziwa kwi dopant. Ukwandisa Velocity Ukwanda kule meko ixhomekeke conductivity yokuba i electrode.

Isicelo Gunn ama

Ama zisetyenziswa kakhulu umbane rhoqo ezahlukeneyo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba badla efakwe kwi esisebenza. Ukanti ukuba inokufumaneka abaguquli. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo asihambelani kakuhle zonke iintlobo zokuguqulwa. Ukuze siyiqonde ngakumbi oku, kufuneka ukuba siqwalasele iindidi ilight.

iintlobo zokuguqulwa

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukubeka izindlu kunye nezixhobo unpackaged. Ahluke ngokwemiqathango conductivity, kwakunye njengesibambiso. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba ukwahlulwa na iinguqulelo wenziwa phezu ubude. Kukho di- 20, 50 no-100 microns.

LED efakwa

Hull semiconductor Gunn diode (ifoto ngezantsi) ilungele ukuba ezivelisa frequency ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba uyakholwa iingcali, ezo iinguqulelo kufuneka conductivity elungileyo. izixhobo Ukuxhuma kwenziwa nge modulators contact. Gunn diode kungamampunge iteknoloji mveliso ezahlukeneyo ungahluka. Kwezinye iimeko, esebenzisa amaqhoshana channel.

Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba ilight nezindlu ukhuseleko elungileyo. Ipharamitha ukufuma zokusebenza kubo nama-55%. Iqondo lobushushu Ubuncinane kuvumelekile degrees -30. Iimfaniso nawo afaneleka kakuhle transformers ekondensa. ngesantya esiphezulu ifunyanwa ngenxa i electrode lobuceducedu enikiweyo.

Lavinnoproletnye izixhobo unpackaged

Lavinnoproletnye ama Gunn unpackaged asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa izilawuli. conductivity parameter ku imifuziselo ezininzi luzakuqala ukusuka microns-30. Oku kubonelela electrode izinga eliphezulu. Ukuba ucinge Gunn diode yesiriyeli, kuyilwa ke uyafana semiconductor yomgama. Xa amandla ombane ayi-12 V Isalathisi omninzi onobuhle silingana hayi ngaphantsi kwe-55 A.

Noko ke, kule meko, oku kuxhomekeke ukuguqulwa ubukhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela uhlobo transistor, ethi isetyenziswe ukudibanisa esisebenza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zingaba kuqhagamshelaniswa nge zokusasaza. Kule meko, ukuxhathisa omalunga 2 ohms. izinga Ukwanda ixhomekeke kwinani dopants. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iinguqulelo ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe non-zoqhagamshelwano esisebenza. Ingxaki ephambili apha siyifumana sinamazinga kufumaneka bantu.

Devices microns 20

zithandwa kakhulu ke diode Gunn. Lo mgaqo uyasebenza nto yakhelwe phezu kwisizukulwana oscillations. Le mizekelo gqitha esisebenza lohlobo drive. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba iinguqulelo zibe bokuxhathisa negative kakuhle ngokulahlekelwa eliphantsi ubushushu. Noko ke, kuneengxaki ezithile.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, iingcali qaphela liphantsi ukuxinana lombane 10 V. In imifuziselo ayikho khuselo lungcono. Indlela yokuqhuba ishishini Ukufuma ama microns 20 yi-40%. Dopants kulo mzekelo kancinane basebenzisane cathode. rate electrode kuxhomekeke kuphela kwi conductivity, kodwa uxhathiso.

Zokuguqulwa microns 50

Gunn diode (50 microns nesikhundla eliboniswe kwimeko) kuvunyelwa ukuba isicelo umbane namandla. iinguqulelo Ukuxhuma kwenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa capacitors coupling. Ukuba siqwalasela Gunn diode 3A716I, le ombane parameter obuvumelekileyo 15 V. Le modeli yokhuseleko kulo mzekelo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lock ezisetyenziswa izixhobo. avareji Conductivity igcinwa kwi-40 microns. Ezinye iingcali zithi semiconductors ezingekazingenisi le conductivity ilungileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba inkqubo kwisizukulwana oscillations ikhawuleza kakhulu. Oku inika umgangatho ophezulu saturation arsenide. indawo kaLayishe waseGalim uhlala esebenzayo nokuba kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ulungiso microns 50 ezifanele esisebenza khowudi. To connect iibhloko idlule isicelo. Kulo mzekelo, i conductivity inikwa kwi 45 microns. Lokumelana evela ilight silingana ubuninzi ohms-2. Baye zazimkhusela kakhulu, isantya electrode kugcinwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ukuba sithethe ngayo iintsilelo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nodibaniso olunesantya saturation encinane. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa yobukho ubumdaka kwindawo kaLayishe waseGalim.

Unga kwakhona ukhankanye ukuba uqhagamshelana nabo badla nge welding, inkqubo isizukulwana oscillation kunokuba olucothayo kakhulu. amacebo yexeshana ingasetyenziswa ukusombulula ingxaki thaca. Kwindawo yokuqala ukwandisa ukuxhathisa ezimbi. ukuba nazo nempembelelo entle kwi conductivity yokuba i electrode.

Ngokungafaniyo izixhobo 100 microns

Phakathi yemifanekiso ezivaliweyo ngokufuthi bafumana Gunn diode. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo iinguqulelo yakhelwe phezu inguqu oscillation. Ukulungiselela le njongo, umaleko ephantsi iyasebenza arsenide. Ukuba ucinge Gunn diode eqhelekileyo, yinto uyilo efanayo ukuya semiconductor yomgama. nabo Optical benza njengoko ngababhexeshi.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo ukusetyenziswa zokuguqulwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ama-100 microns awunankinga ikhowudi izilawuli. Bona bayakwazi ukusebenza kwi amandla ombane ayi-13 V. Ngelo xesha, ngesalathisi uphuphumalo kufuneka awe ngaphantsi 40 A. I-ukuxhathisa embi le nkqubo kuxhomekeke kuphela izinga isizukulwana intlokoma. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba ama-100 microns adla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqhuba esisebenza.

Ukulungiswa kwe generator ukuya 10 GHz

Generator 10 GHz ezi ilight ezifanelekileyo ivaliwe. Kule ubude loguqulelo Akukhathaliseki. xhuma nje isixhobo ngokusebenzisa capacitor utshintsho eqhelekileyo. Kwakhona analogs zasendle efanelekileyo apho ixabiso eliphezulu yenkcaso ezimbi. Ukulungiswa kwe generator ukuya GHz-10 kufuneka esisetyenziswa ombane ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 W.

Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba awukwazi ukudibanisa ngokusebenzisa loyamano lwekontraka eqhelekileyo kwentambo. Kwindawo yokuqala lunciphisa conductivity kwefowuni. Oku kunciphisa isantya electrode. contactors optic ezifanelekileyo ukulungiselela le njongo ngokubalulekileyo. Bathi, kube nafuthe ingumlingani transfer ubushushu. Kwi-avareji, kwa oku komelela ezimbi kugcinwa ohms-4.

isixhobo generator 15 GHz

Phantsi ngabavelisi 15 GHz bavumelekile ukuba basebenzise ilight kuphela hlwele. Njengoko umthetho, i uxhulumaniso yokubathumela capacitors iinguqulelo console nge conductivity of microns 4. Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa contactors eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka asebenze kwi amandla ombane ayi-10 V kunye akhuselwe kwi bonke abasunguli ngokwesiqhelo. ama contact Optical banovuyo pretty ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali baphawula ukuba isantya eliphezulu electrode. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuya conductivity eliphezulu. Velocity Ukwanda ngelixa isinxibelelanisi olulawulwayo. Ukuba sithethe malunga neengxaki, kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo eliphantsi iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza zisembundwini wawo. Kuvumelekile kokugquma ukufuma kukuba kwi-55%.

intlawulo Layer ukuguqulwa kuxhomekeke kwisantya inkqubo okuvelisa oscillations. Kwezinye iimeko, ilight ezidibene nge transistors ezivulekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, icebo lokucoca enemingxuma ezisetyenziswa kwisekethe. Ngenxa yoko, le conductivity komda ilingana microns 40. Xa ombane wenkunkuma 12 kunye ilight kufuneka anike sindisa-5 A. Xa ukuthoba isantya yahluka electrode lwekontraka. Kwakhona, le ngxaki ukuze kulala transistor. Uguqulo of conductivity ephantsi angabi nako ukugcina ukubetha rhoqo kule nkqubo.

Ama for umbane ku-20 GHz

Kuba umbane ku-20 GHz ukuba ilight kusetyenziswa evulekileyo okanye ivaliwe. Kulo mzekelo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo capacitor ekhethiweyo. Njengomgaqo, zisetyenziswa ukulungisa ombane we-30 V. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka bazazi yenkcaso ezimbi. Isantya electrode amathontsi understating kakhulu Xa le parameter. Kwakhona, kukho iingxaki conductivity neelahleko thermal.

Omninzi parameter ku umbane ngokubanzi ayikho ngaphantsi 5 N. Yenza i iinguqulelo zikhuselwe kakuhle kakhulu. Xa oku Ukwanda dopants kuxhomekeke uxhathiso kwi imveliso. To connect ngokusebenzisa isinxibelelanisi kusetyenziswa amaqhoshana drive. Kwiimeko ezininzi, transceiver ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ekwenzeni zichazwe ukugcina ombane izinzile. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ama ulahlekelwe kakhulu conductivity usebenzisa transceiver kokusebenzisa.

Iimfaniso for resonators zokusebenza

resonators zokusebenza ifuna oscillations olukhawulezileyo sidala. Ama elolu hlobo kakuhle le njongo. Xa ufaka le iinguqulelo eziyimfuneko indawo yokuqala ukwenza ngokulinganisa ukuxhathisa ezimbi. Kwakhona musa ukulibala malunga conductivity woqondo ye abafowunelwa, ukusuka apho isantya electrode ixhomekeke. Ukwandisa amandla ifowuni kucetyiswa transceiver capacitive.

ombane Ipharamitha kule meko iya kufikelela kumda ka 30 V. Le ukuxinana diode ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi conductivity le capacitor. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba xa ufaka utshintsho kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa okucoca amacwecwe. Okokuqala bonke ukucombulula ingxaki wokhuseleko bume kaLayishe waseGalim. Kwakhona ni vuyelo lebyinene eka dopants.

Ama ku resonators idaleka

Ingakumbi ezingafanelanga resonators ngenxa wayicima ilight-20 kunye microns-50. Xa izixhobo kokuxhuma kusetyenziswa amaqhoshana iibhakhowudi. Kwezinye iimeko, izihlanganisi zisetyenziswa. Iinguqulelo kancinane conductivity kuxhomekeke umyinge Ukwanda kunye neqondo ukuxhathisa ezimbi. Ukuba sicinga idayagramu eli drive, oko lilingana ombane umda 40 V. yokhuseleko kanjalo bagcina kwinqanaba eliphezulu. A Ububi kwenkqubo enjalo ingqalelo conductivity eliphantsi njalo kwi, kwaye sindisa ilingana A. 4 kuphela

izinga Ukwanda kugcinwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kodwa bayiphumeza ebalulekileyo ufudumele. Ukuba sicinga sikimu ukuya transistors endle-isiphumo, isihluzo esinye ezimbini zisetyenziswa khona. Ngoko nangoko Gunn diode microns 20 efanelekileyo. Kufuneka esifakelwa zombini. Kulo mzekelo, i ombane umda nama-10 V ukuya uxhathiso elibi ohms 4.

Izixhobo Ukusetyenziswa drive izilawuli

Kuba drive nabaqondisi ezifanelekileyo Gunn diode 100 microns. iinguqulelo Connecting kuthwalelwa phandle, ngokuqhelekileyo transistors. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka conductivity elungileyo yaye bayakwazi ukusebenza kunye izihluzi kwegridi. Abangoyikiyo lelahleko ubushushu kunye ombane kugcinwa 30 V. kuba imifuziselo ezinikiweyo ukhuseleko elungileyo nesantya ophezulu i electrode. Ezinye iingcali bakhuthalele usebenzise ilight kwiisekethe kunye comparators, abaqhagamshelwe nge amaqhoshana ezimbini. Nabalawuli ifanele loo uhlobo iinkqubo yomgama.

Iimfaniso for nabaqondisi frequency

Ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo eli frequency zingasetyenziswa kuphela diode Gunn hlwele. Kulo ukulungisa ubude inokuba 20 okanye 50 microns. Kulo mzekelo, oku kuxhomekeke conductivity le esisebenza ngqo.

Xa siqwalasela kwisazobe a capacitor asendle, ke kukho ukuxhathisa embi kwi kwincopho ilingana ohms 4. Xa isixhobo ombane 10 V isebenza stably kwaye liveza electron Velocity eliphezulu. Ukwanda kuxhomekeke abafowunelwa utshintsho yokhuseleko. Kwakhona, xa uqhagamshele ilight kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo kule conductivity kwisekethe phakathi naLindiili.

Ama ku nabaqondisi yobubanzi

Kuba nabaqondisi latitudinal Izilungiso ezifanelekileyo microns-50. Ayikwazi ukuqhagamshela ifowuni ngokusebenzisa transceiver. Nangona kunjalo, le amaqhoshana mazikhethwe kwi ezinjengeetheminali ezimbini. Kwimeko enjalo, ngaphandle kokuba conductivity of microns 55 kwi amandla ombane ayi-12 V. ngokudibanisa ukuguqulwa kubalulekile ukuvavanya uxhathiso ezimbi. Kwakhona igxininisa coil lwekontraka. Owona mbane yesekethe omninzi 3 Nu. Kuphela amacebo relay zisetyenziswa ukwandisa ukhuseleko ukuguqulwa. Xa isilawuli ivulwa umbundu output ombane kufuneka ingadluli 15 V.