Ezona mpawu zeesekethe, indlela yokusebenza kunye isixhobo DC generator

gezi era kwenzeka kwixesha elidluleyo, yaye ngenxa eziliqela kwiinkulungwane yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yethu yobomi. Khangela emhlabeni, apho sukuba iliso uyawa, qiniseka ukubona isixhobo ethile umbane. Abantu baqhele kakhulu koomatshini ezahlukeneyo ukuba enze kubo phantse wonke umsebenzi kuvela wento engekhoyo, nangona bekusoloko. Kodwa khangela ngaphaya komkhusane, udakada ivela kuthi abahlobo zombane yenkqubo yobomi. Makhe umgaqo isixhobo generator DC.

A incinane

Umbane yabonwa ngabantu amaGrike amandulo. Kuye kwaphawulwa impahla yegolide evuthiweyo ukutsala amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo. Abantu babecinga le ubutsalane ezendeleyo nentlaka. Kodwa kamva waphawula ubuchule kunye nezinye izinto ukuze sizuze ubutsalane. Umzekelo, iglasi ngokuhlikihla kakhulu waqalisa ukutsala izinto ezincinane ukukhanya: amasuntswana iphepha, uthuli ke neenwele. Ngoko ke kwaye kwacaca ukuba isiphumo magnetic kubangwa ethile mthetho.

Kamva, kwinkulungwane XVIII, kwase le ekondensa mihla, christened ngegama umenzi "Leyden ingqayi" sele yenziwe. Le indlela elula uyakwazi ukuqokelela isigxina, ngelo xesha njengento uhlobo ulwelo, okroqiweyo umzimba eqinileyo nokwaziyo flow ukusuka umzimba omnye komnye ngesantya esimangalisayo - kuba iikhilomitha ezimbalwa ngesekhondi lemizuzwana.

Xa atom iye yavulwa kwaye kwanangamacandelo alo kunye elektroni core, bonke bawela ndawo. Abantu baye baqonda ukuba electron kwaye iintlawulo ezidale izenzakalo kunzima ezinjengezo ugesi. Kodwa nakuba oko izityholo kuphela ndawonye. Ukususela eksperimenti of Faraday kunye Oersted kuphuma umbane ukuba siyazi namhlanje. Basungula ubeko wenkunkuma DC, isixhobo nangemigaqo yokusebenza isekelwe phezu lo mkhuba umkhosi EMF electromotive.

movement umbane

Njengoko imilambo yamanzi ziliqhubela nokutsala emhlabeni, njengoko amasuntswana ebizwayo kwi umqhubi untshulisa Khangela EMF. Le mandla ngokusondeleyo isimo owahluke ngokwemvelo, oko kukuthi, kukho kuphela itshintsha ukubhobhoza eyenziwe umazibuthe. EMF unako ukusebenza kuphela kulo mba, apho isoloko ifumaneka kukho izityholo simahla. Iintsimbi babe kule ndawo, kwaye anetyuwa.

EMF mkhulu ke ngokukhawuleza litshintsha ngobunzulu okanye amandla amaza. Njengoko yaziwa, kwimagnethi uye izibonda ezimbini maxa onke amaxesha. Ukungqinelana indlela apho flow yahluka ngokumalunga umqhubi, i ngoku aqukuqelela umqhubi kwicala elinye okanye elinye. izityholo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga phakathi ngokwabo ukwenza intsimi energy esibiza uxinezeleko, oko ngakumbi, kokukhona isigxina iyonke zombane yezinto ezichaseneyo.

Yintoni wokuphehla umbane?

Design okanye nomatshini ukuguqula nayiphi na amandla ngoomatshini zibe amandla ombane kuthiwa umbane generator. isixhobo generator umgaqo DC ezinxulumene ubutsalane. Ukuba uthathe umazibuthe esisigxina yaye bawele intsimi yakhe kwempixano umbhexeshi, ngelakamva kubonakala ungamandla enyanzelisa ukuba kwicala elinye, amasuntswana ebizwayo - kukho ngoku. Okufanayo kuya kuba njalo umqhubi singahambi kwaye umazibuthe elihambayo.

Ngokomfuniselo, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba ubukhulu bezinto kweyangoku i ngakumbi, i ngakumbi:

• Wobhobhozayo Imagnethi phakathi izibonda ezo kwimagnethi.
• imigca Isantya ekuweleni kwempixano.
• Ubude ezi ngcingo yangoku-ukuwaphatha.

Ukuba umqhubi isusiwe ngaxeshanye ukuba kukho umlambo, ngoko yoqheliso oko anayenza. Kule kulo mthetho sesandla sakhe sasekunene, nto leyo isinceda siqonde indlela apho ukungena nokuphuma yangoku. Xa indawo esandleni inxalenye lasekunene lomzimba ngesandla sakhe ukuze ziquka imigca olunzulu Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye ngomnwe elikhulu esigotyiweyo walatha apho kukho intshukumo ye umqhubi, le iseleyo iminwe ezine ziya kubonisa indlela lwangoku. Le umazibuthe motion intsimi kumda wesangqa sibhekiswe ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi.

Scheme yomvelisi sabaqalayo

Umgaqo uhlobo elula isixhobo DC generator zilandelayo: isakhelo ezenziwe ngezinto ekuqhutyweni yangoku ifakwe kwi-asi kwaye uvelisa ukujikeleza phakathi izibonda umazibuthe. ekupheleni nganye free yesakhelo edityaniswe kwi qha wayo, ukuba uhlobo imbasa arcuate. abafowunelwa kunye zenza isangqa uqwengiwe iingongoma ezimbini (umqokeleli). Ezi abafowunelwa ezinokususwa omise oxhulumene kwi iibhrashi yasentwasahlobo-zilayishwe conductive. Bakhulula yangoku.

Xa isakhelo isithuba ngokumalunga abafowunelwa ezijolise ukuze kuhlangana kwesiqingatha ngasinye ixabiso layo eliphezulu ngobhobhozo kazibuthe ngokwezahlulo ibrashi kwi abafowunelwa zivaliwe. Xa iziqalelo sikhokelo isigaba intshukumo ecaleni imigca - abafowunelwa brush zivuleleke kunye umqokeleli.

Ukuba xhuma i oscilloscope, kuba wabona ukuba le DC izixhobo generator nangemigaqo yokusebenza into yokuba ovelisa le ifildi isiqingatha-amaza akhiwe kwelinye icala inxibelelanise kwaye ukutshintsha ixabiso layo ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya kolungaphezulu uze ubuyele zero. esasidla yazo iphinda kuxhomekeke kwisantya ujikelezo yesakhelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku kwinkqubo ezinjalo ihamba kwicala elinye (a rhoqo), kodwa uhlobo eliguquguqukayo.

Umgaqo ukusebenza kunye isixhobo DC generator

Real generator rhoqo langoku amalungiselelo ezinobunzima, nangona umgaqo osebenza ngayo iyafana kuxoxwe ngasentla. Kunokuba isakhelo enye iperi nabo semi-setyhula ukuba unemisebenzi umda kunye nombuthi abafowunelwa. Oku okokuqala kuphucula amandla ngomatshini enjalo, yaye okwesibini, smoothes ke ngoku yama- nzi, ekubeni isakhelo ngasinye kudala isiqingatha ngumtshangatshangiso leyo, ukwakha omnye komnye ukwenza lo yangoku iyonke. Loo inkqubo ejikelezayo ogama iankile okanye ivili.

umazibuthe generator ilungiswe. indima yakhe lwenziwa yi electromagnet kuqulethe coil kunye engundoqo. Ukusebenzisa iimagnethi, ungenza wampompoza enkulu ngemagnethi, eliphesheya yamandla DC eqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle ubungakanani kwemali lula zatshintsha. Inxalenye fixed ogama stator generator.

Kuxhomekeka indlela yokusebenza ye kumatshini ngexesha njengokujikeleza shaft, phakathi stator kunye plane bakubona ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

1. Yi le generator ongadibenanga umthwalo. Kwimeko msebenzi olunye le armature uvelisa ukujikeleza kuyo EMF uyacengeka, kodwa akukho zangoku kwi jiko, ekubeni le sekethe ayikho ivaliwe.
2. DC generator, apho icebo beesekethe liqhagamshelene beesekethe isebenza kwimo ukulayisha. Kulo mzekelo, i armature kwemali ngoku kwaye kukho icandelo elitsha - wobhobhozayo magnetic eyenziwe armature (armature reaction). Lo mlambo edakasa kwicala ukuba silwe imigca eziphambili mandla yenziwa electromagnet. Ngenxa yoko, i-EMF wokwenene uya kuba ngaphantsi, okt amandla generator lifinyele. Yaye inkulu umthwalo le generator, amandla ngakumbi owenziwayo ekuqubisaneni indlela abasabela ngayo armature xa kwizikhondo iyajikeleza.

Ukuze yokungenelela wobhobhozayo magnethi armature kwisekethe plane elawulwa ekuthiwa-engathi zembuyekezo nezithi zikhuphe wampompoza nosiba buthathaka indlela armature.

Iintlobo umbane apho ukuvelisa umbane rhoqo

Umgaqo DC isixhobo umbane kwahluka wesiphaluka ukuqhuba yokusebenza. Zezi:

• Magnetoelectric. Umazibuthe ezisisigxina zisetyenziselwa ukwenza wobhobhozayo ngemagnethi. oomatshini amandla anjalo ngokuqhelekileyo ephantsi, abe ukusebenza eliphezulu kuba akukho ilahleko excitation kwi engathi. Engxakini izixhobo kwi nobuntsompothi wolawulo.
• Ezivelisa besifunda drive ezizimeleyo. Esi sixhobo xa athe ngokubhijela abasebenza anikwe amandla umbane wangaphandle: ibhetri okanye generator.
• A DC umbane self-yimincili. izixhobo ezinjalo wondla abasebenza kwi iankile babo. Imeko ephambili for self-excitation yi wampompoza intsalela. Umgaqo Uyilo ntshukumo ngabavelisi nesigqibo seengcinga ukufakwa kwabo a enefuthe elibi, shunt kunye seriesnoy.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo le generator isixhobo le injini yombane

ukuyilungisa koomatshini zombane umgaqo uthi nasiphi na isithuthi inokujikwa ibe generator vice versa. Ngapha koko, zombini ezi zixhobo besebenzisa yoqheliso EMF njengesiseko ngomsebenzi wabo. Kuphela injini ukuya plane inikezelwa umbane, eyenza i ngobhobhozo magnetic bakucaphukele izibonda stator umazibuthe, ukwenza intshukumo ejikelezayo.

Ukuba shaft motor ku gqiba ngesantya ethile engathi ye armature eyabangelwa EMF iza kuqalisa flow kunye induction yangoku. Limited kuphela Ebubanzini iingcingo le armature jiko. Xa wire olomileyo, ukufumana okuninzi ngamandla avela loo wenkunkuma akusayi kusebenza.

Apho ke wafumana ukusetyenziswa kubakhuthaza njalo ngoku?

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umbane rhoqo zingafumaneka ngokuthi ekulungiseni i-AC, ngokubanzi generator ngqo yangoku. Umgaqo ukusebenza, ejikeleza umatshini ezinjalo sele zokusila ziintsimbi, aphezulu-ngamandla izityalo aluminium isinyibilikise. Xa izithuthi iiyunithi zoshishino asebenza zikaloliwe zombane, iinqanawa umkhumbi. Ukuze ukunikeza engathi umdla of alternators izityalo amandla nawo imithombo luncedo ka DC. Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa ekhaya ugesi eyenzelwe njalo yangoku. Ingabonwa kwi Bikes, apho balusa izibane angena.

isiphelo

rhoqo wokwephuka generator yangoku ezilungileyo ukwenza umbane ngesantya eyahlukileyo ejikelezayo. Akukho mfuneko ukumelana kumaza ngqo, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, AC wenkunkuma, apho kufuneka 50 Hz. Aba matshini ke lula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa imithombo njengendlela umbane, ezifana njengezona nomoya.