Ezithwala ulwazi: Iintlobo nemizekelo

impucuko Human ngexesha uphila ufumene iindlela ezininzi kakhulu ukuba ubhale ingcaciso. ngonyaka ngamnye, nemiqulu zabo ezikhulayo zejometri ukuqhubela phambili. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwaye ukutshintsha zosasazo. Nantso into le ngendaleko kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi oko.

nya elidlulileyo

ezikhumbuzo yaMandulo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu zingathathwa ngokuba le mifanekiso engxondorheni, nto leyo ebonisa izilwanyana ezathi iinjongo kuzingela. Amajelo yokuqala ephathekayo zaba imvelaphi yendalo.

Sesona sisombululo lokwenyani kunokwenzeka ukuqwalasela imbonakalo ngokubhala ukusuka Sumerians, owayehlala Iraq namhlanje nokusetyenziswa litye, yaye amacwecwe odongwe, leyo kudubula emva ukubhala. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuseleko lwabo uyandiswa kakhulu. Noko ke, umlinganiselo kwi eyayibhalwe nolwazi ephantsi kakhulu.

Unga kwakhona uqaphele umYiputa yeengcongolo, amafutha, iimfele, eyaqala ukubhala ngo-Persian kuqala. E Asia, oko kusetyenziswa uqalo silk. AmaNdiya bamandulo inkqubo yokubhala ezikhethekileyo nodular. ERashiya, ekugqibeleni waba Elm, apho abembi namhlanje.

iphepha

yaguqula media Paper, isikali apho kunzima zazi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba nucleoside wokuqala wezixhobo cellulosic zifunyenwe yi-Chinese kwinkulungwane II, waba ifumaneke kuluntu kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX.

Ngenxa ukuvela iphepha kunye neencwadi ezinxulumene nazo. In the 1450s umenzi yaseJamani uJohann Gutenberg wasungula umatshini ngesandla-shicilelwayo esebenzisa elikhuphe iikopi ezimbini zeBhayibhile. Ezi ziganeko waba njengesiqalo ixesha elitsha yokushicilela abaninzi. Yaba nombulelo lowo lwazi uyekile ukuba lot maleko ubhityileyo uluntu, kwaye ngoko ke ziyafumaneka kuye wonke umntu ofuna.

iphepha Namhlanje Newsprint, ukulinganisa, wawutyabeka, njalo njalo. D. ukhetho lwayo luxhomekeke kwinjongo ethile. Kwaye nangona ngelaphu emhlophe zifunwa ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili, isikhundla sayo ezintsha sele zalandela.

Umthwalo amakhadi kunye tape iphepha

push Okulandelayo ekuphuhlisweni eendaba ingcaciso efunyenweyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, xa amakhadi paperboard yokuqala. Kwiindawo ezithile abaqalise izikroba apho data kufundwa. Ekuqaleni, iteknoloji isetyenziswa ukulawula esemnyango.

Inzala kwi mveliso omtsha landa emva kokuba waqala ukuba kusetyenziswa i-US ukuba iziphumo lula ngakumbi yaye ekhawulezayo wababala ubalo lwabantu ngo-1890. Ukuveliswa amakhadi asebenze elizayo, IBM uye waba nguvulindlela zobugcisa computer. Le abenzi bemilingo le yeteknoloji phakathi kwinkulungwane XX. Yaba ke waqalisa ukusasaza inkqubo yokubini, ukuba ziququzelele ze iqulunqe ezahlukeneyo data.

I computer eendaba yokuqala nazo ngenqindi tape. Baye ezenziwe ngephepha kunye esetyenziswa telegraphy. Ngenxa format yayo tape ivumela igalelo lula kunye nemveliso. Oku ubenze buyafuneka de imbonakalo okhuphisana ngemagnethi.

tape magnetic

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba abathwali lweenkcukacha zangaphandle odlulileyo elungileyo, abanakho ukuzala oko ezisisigxina. Le ngxaki ingasonjululwa nokufika tape ngemagnethi. It is a zeendawana bhetyebhetye isale ngeengcamba eziliqela, apho ulwazi oluthile lurekhodwa. Njengoko kulwelo ukusebenza wenza ezahlukeneyo imichiza intsimbi, ayibe, chromium.

media Magnetic yokugcina ziye zenza impumelelo lokurekhoda umsindo. Oku le ezintsha eye wavumela iiteknoloji ezintsha kwi ngokukhawuleza ahlale phantsi eJamani kwi 30. izixhobo Previous (abadlali irekhodi igramafoni, abadlali irekhodi) uhlobo ngoomatshini ezahlukeneyo yaye abazange ngokoqobo. Kwakukho kwanda tape coil kunye nohlobo ikhasethi.

Kule 50 ziye esizama ukusebenzisa ezi meko nje izinto ezigcina computer apho. tapes Magnetic zikhe iikhompyutha yobuqu kwi 80s. udumo lwabo kubangelwa ubukhulu becala kwezi iingenelo. njenge obunamandla, lo cheapness isalamane kwimveliso kunye power eliphantsi.

Engxakini iteyiphu nako kuqwalaselwa umhla wokuphelelwa. Ekubeni kokuba demagnetized ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwimeko ilungileyo, idatha egcinwe kwi-40 - engama-50. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele le fomati ukuba zidume kakhulu ehlabathini. Kufuneka kwakhona ukhankanye video, leyo bachuma ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX. abathwali data Magnetic ziye zaba sisiseko umzimba kunye uhlobo olutsha osasazo.

hard drive

Ngelo xesha, uphuhliso kushishino waqhubeka. abathwali Ulwazi ifuna isixa elikhulu lokuphucula. Eyokuqala hard drive okanye drives hard Kwamiswa ngo-1956, imikhosi IBM. Noko ke, ukuba usebenze. Bona makhulu ibhokisi, kunye ton ubunzima phantse ngokulinganayo. Umthamo data egcinwe ayidluli 3.5 megabytes. Kamva, Noko ke, luphuhliswe umgangatho, yaye ngo-1995 zonganyelwe umtya 10 gigabytes. Kwaye emva kweminyaka eli-10, waya athotyiweyo Hitachi imifuziselo umthamo gigabytes 500.

Ngokungafaniyo nucleoside abongi drives hard ziqulathe iipleyiti aluminium. Idatha iikopi ukufunda iintloko. Bona ningayichukumisi kwidiski, kwaye zisebenza kumgama neenanometer eziliqela kuyo. Kunjalo umgaqo msebenzi iyafana iimpawu maza HDD. Umahluko ephambili kuxhomekeke izinto ezibonakalayo osetyenziswayo ze izixhobo. hard ziye zaba sisiseko kweekhompyutha zobuqu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le mifuziselo zaveliswa idibene drives, actuators kunye neeletroniki ezithengiswayo.

Ngaphandle kwimemori engundoqo ezifunekayo isiqulatho data, drives onzima njengesikhuseli ethile efunekayo lungisani uqina ukufunda ifowuni.

3.5-intshi floppy diski

Ngelo xesha liya ukuya phambili ekwiimo ezincinane. Ulwazi iipropati magnethi luncedo ekudaleni diskettes, idatha afundwa ngumntu okhethekileyo drive. Ixesha kwiwotshi yamanani lokuqala ezifana yaziswa ngu IBM ngo-1971. Density lokurekhoda ulwazi abathwali waba ukuya megabytes-3. Sisiseko kuleyo yaba floppy diski, legqunyiwe ngomaleko izinto ferromagnetic.

Impumelelo engundoqo - ukunciphisa Ubukhulu ebonakalayo eendaba - wenze le fomati becala emarikeni ngaphezu kwekhulu kwekota. Kuphela eUnited States kwi 80s zokuvelisa ukuya kwizigidi 300 diskettes ezintsha.

Nakuba kwakukho iingenelo ezininzi, lezipho saba nemiphumela - uvakalelo kuphazamiseko Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye nesikhundla ephantsi kuthelekiswa zonke iimfuno ezandayo zomsebenzisi eziqhelekileyo computer.

CD

Isizukulwana sokuqala kwamajelo ezamehlo baqala CDs. umatshini kwabo kusekho iingxelo. Noko ke, abathwali lweenkcukacha zangaphandle entsha yenziwe polycarbonate. Disc weli yaba ukutyabeka thinnest ngesinyithi (igolide, isilivere, aluminiyamu). Ukukhusela data, wayifulela kunye ivanishi okhethekileyo.

CD notorious saphuhliswa yimikhosi Sony wazibeka imveliso mass ngo-1982. Ifomati lokuqala wafumana udumo ebanzi ngenxa ushicilelo lula. Umthamo megabytes amakhulu eminyaka ukuba bathabath 'turntables kuqala eziswa nasemva. Ukuba kunguhata yokuqala ingcaciso volume, le yokugqibela ayesahluka umgangatho kakhulu isandi. Kwakhona format entsha ithunyelwe diskettes elidlulileyo, ezo kuphela egcinwe data ngaphantsi, kodwa abazange athenjwe.

compact disc wabangela revolution entsimini kweekhompyutha zobuqu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Anaki shishini (umz, Apple) ziye nizitshintshele ukuveliswa iiPC kunye drives ezixhasa zikwi-CD.

DVD kunye Blue-Ray

abathwali data Optical besizukulwana sokuqala ziye zabanjwa kwi yokugcina add elide. Ngowe-1996, kwakukho DVD, nto leyo ngokwemiqathango Umqulu umkhulu na kunokhokho wakhe izihlandlo ezintandathu. Umgangatho entsha yenza ukuba abhale iividiyo ixesha elide. Phantsi ngokukhawuleza ukuqhelana kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim. movies DVD zibe ziyafumaneka esidlangalaleni ehlabathini lonke. Umgaqo yokusebenzela kunye nolwazi nokhowudo ngaphezu CD yahlala injalo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-2006, nto ngokusesikweni, ukuba umhla omtsha, wokugqibela ifomati eendaba ezamehlo. Lo mqulu yaba lingamakhulu gigabytes. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba best umsindo urekhoda neevidiyo esemgangathweni.

fomati ukulwa

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ungquzulwano rhoqo phakathi iifomati yokugcina iinkcukacha engahambelaniyo. drives yangaphandle kbavelisi ezahlukileyo isigaba esilandelayo zophuhliso kushishino bakhuphisane ukuze bodwa le fomathi.

Omnye umzekelo yokuqala zibala ungquzulwano phakathi igramafoni Edison zikaJ Berliner sharing-10 leminyaka XX. Xa olunye iimbambano ezinjalo phakathi CD-iikhasethi-8-track audio cassettes kuvela; VHS and Betamax; MP3 kunye AAC, njalo njalo. D. lokugqibela kolu ngcelele yaba 'imfazwe "phakathi HD DVD kunye Blue-Ray, nto leyo eyaphela ngo ngamlomo yokugqibela.

Drives flash

Imizekelo izinto ezigcina akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuchaza USB-flash drive. I Bus lokuqala Universal Uthotho yaphuhliswa 90 ephakathi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku besizukulwana sesithathu sale ujongano data, kukho kakade. I ibhasi ivumela uqhagamshelwano peripheral PC. Nangona le ngxaki iye khona kudala ngaphambi kokufika USB, kwagqitywa ekubeni kuphela kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo.

Namhlanje, ikhompyutha nganye slot okubonakalayo, apho ungakwazi ukudibanisa khomputha mobile phone yakho, umdlali, tablet, njalo njalo. D. ukudluliselwa data Fast nangayiphi na indlela wenza USB isixhobo jikelele ngokwenene.

Ukuthandwa kakhulu yafunyanwa drives flash okanye flash drive zolu ngokusekelwe kule interface. Loo isixhobo sele USB-isinxibelelanisi, kwiqhezu microcontroller, a resonator zwi kunye LED. Zonke ezi nkcukacha ziye kwenza kube lula ukuba uyigcine kwipokotho gigabytes data. Ngobukhulu flash USB idrayivu Lunikeza floppy disks, enalo amandla megabytes-3. Maxa wambi lenyuka izixhobo volume, apho yokugcina ulwazi lwenziwa. Media, ngokuchaseneyo, adla ukwehla emzimbeni.

isinxibelelanisi nsimbi ivumela drives ukusebenza kungekuphela iikhompyutha zobuqu, kodwa kunye TV, abadlali-DVD kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe USB. Inzuzo enkulu xa kuthelekiswa kunye nabo zokukhanyisa sibe ngaphantsi singangena kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle. drive Flash akoyiki of yimikrwelo nothuli uloyiko ofayo le CD.

ngokoqobo virtual

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto ezigcina yekhompyutha indawo kuthathelwe enye yenyani. Ekubeni namhlanje kulula ukudibanisa i PC ukuya uthungelwano lwehlabathi, ulwazi egcinwe abancedisi ekwabelwana. Zakhiwo ambiwa. Ngoku, ukufumana imvume yokungena kwi iifayili zabo, umsebenzisi akadingi medium emzimbeni. Ukuba basebenzisane kunye data kummandla ngokwaneleyo ngaphakathi usasazo lwe moyeni uqhagamshelwano Wi-Fi kunye t. D.

Ukongeza, le nto inceda ukuthintela ukubhidana kunye ukungaphumeleli drives ebonakalayo ukuba asesichengeni umonakalo. Okude uxhumo server nalo uphawu inkxaso azisayi kuchaphazeleka, njengoko kunjalo iimeko ezingalindelekanga apho kukho ezingasafunekiyo yokugcina data.

isiphelo

Kuyo yonke imbali - ukusuka imizobo umqolomba ukuya amasuntswana enembonakalo yenyani - mntu bafuna ukwenza ulwazi zenethiwekhi bulkier, ethembekileyo kwaye kuyafikeleleka. Le umnqweno kwakhokelela ekubeni namhlanje siphila kwixesha ukuba ayikho ngaphandle sizathu kuthiwa ngenkulungwane ye uluntu lwazi. Inkqubela weza yintoni na ngoku abantu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla ziliminxe nje bahlelwe data. Mhlawumbi abathwali ulwazi, leyo zande zonke iintlobo, ukutshintsha kakhulu, ngokuvumelana nomthetho sovremenennogo umntu.