Cyclamen: indawo awazalelwa kuyo izityalo. Cyclamen: iintlobo, ukulima nenkathalo ekhaya

Ukuba ufuna into engaqhelekanga kwaye eqaqambileyo kakhulu indlu okanye indlu, kufuneka ukhethe le wesityalo Iintyatyambo ezintle elimnandi - Cyclamen. Indlela yokunyamekela kubo lokuyivelisa - umbuzo ayikho inzima kakhulu, kodwa ke ifuna umgudu. Ukuba ufuna ukubona eluhlaza unyaka wonke, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba udibane cyclamen aseYurophu, ukuba imbali eliqaqambileyo kwaye unobubele, le wasePersi. Kule yaye kwelinye icala, ukuba ukumelana nokukhula hayi umnyamekeli onamava kakhulu. Ukongezelela iimpawu eziphakamileyo zokuhombisa, uphawu ngenxa cyclamen kunye neepropati ekwenzeni amayeza. ukusetyenziswa kwayo amayeza kwenziwa ukususela ngexesha noHippocrates. Cyclamen imbali kwakhona ngokuba ukumkani uSolomon. Ngokutsho legend, yena wathandabuza ixesha elide, indlela ukukhetha ifomu ngenxa isithsaba sakhe. ongakhetha abaninzi baye bazama, kodwa ithuba phambi iliso lerhuluneli kwabonakala cyclamen unokuzithoba, leyo zingqondweni wayemthanda, ezizezi uhlobo wentyatyambo waza uSolomon wamnika kukhetha.

uhlobo

Wasendlini Cyclamen owned, njengoko umthetho, omnye iintlobo zimbini ziqhelekileyo: Persian okanye yaseYurophu. Zombini ezi zokuhombisa kakhulu, kodwa eyahlukileyo kancinane zombini imbonakalo kunye ukuze akhule ngayo cyclamen. Persian ngamanye amaxesha nezaziwa ntyatyambo ngokuba eneentaba. Yena kuba eziphambili kakhulu, ayikho nje iintyatyambo zokuhombisa kodwa amagqabi. Isityalo ixesha aleleyo. Oku uyakwazi ukufikelela umkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukutyala indlu ubungakanani - ukuya kwi-30 cm ngobude. Yena ngukhokho ezininzi kweentlobo zanamhlanje.

Kulula inkcubeko igumbi cyclamen zaseYurophu. Ebusika, akunamsebenzi baphalaze amagqabi kwaye igcina amagqabi unyaka wonke. Kodwa ke ubukhulu incinane kakhulu, iintyatyambo sihle ngexesha elinye, badla bomvu ngebala kunye livumba elithozamisayo ngokungangqalanga. Le iintlobo Isiza abo eqala nje abazana babo cyclamen. Kulula kakhulu ukuba akhule kwaye aqine, ukuba ngequbuliso wadala iimeko ayiyi ilingane. Ngaphaya kwezi ntlobo zimbini, kukho enye - a eCaucasus cyclamen, kodwa ukuba beze kuye ezindlini zethu - yinto lwepaki. Sikhula kumathambeka zeentaba, iintyatyambo amhlophe okanye sakuba ngamanye amaxesha. Libhekisela izityalo bokuqala-eneentyatyambo kunye uyakholiswa imibala eqaqambileyo ukususela ngoFebruwari, ngokukhawuleza nje uqale ukuvela zezibhaxu yokuqala zinyibilikisiwe.

Ingcambu, njengoko kwezinye iintlobo, na tuber ajikelezayo. Ngokomthetho asisetyenziswa ekhaya isityalo umyezo, primrose. Cyclamen abaseAfrika ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of naseRussia njengohlobo iintlobo abuthathaka, inani sakhe ngokuthe ngcembe ebuya umva.

Cyclamen: kuyo izityalo

It ngokukhuselekileyo kubizwa amanqaku amane umhlaba kunye nokwanda kulo intyatyambo: Malaya Aziya, Iran, Central Europe kunye lweMeditera. Ummandla lokukhula libanzi impela, imila emazantsi eentaba, emahlathini. Njengoko izityalo igadi yenkcubeko cyclamen ekubhekiswe kuyo 1731, kodwa ukuthandwa omkhulu waqala ukuthenga kuphela xa eqhagamshelwe abalimi kunjalo. Ukudala iindidi mihle kunye terry elikhulu, okanye iintyatyambo ezilula imibala eyahlukeneyo, bona balinqabisa kuye ngokusisigxina udumo. Kwiivenkile zethu cyclamen emgceni basePersi. izityalo Homeland - Malaya Aziya kunye eGrisi, apho ikhula kwi ekhanyayo entwasahlobo, ungenza uhlangabezana amasimi yonke, ivumba elimnandi ivumba kakhulu kunene. Ngenxa yokuba esezansi ngeenxa iKrismesi, eYurophu luthe lwahluma ngendlela engazange mveliso, ingakumbi eJamani, eHolland, Italy ne-France. Kwaye hayi kuphela Njengesityalo, kodwa ngenxa loggias, patios kunye nezitiya. Kodwa bakhe, cyclamen kufutshane yaseYurophu (indawo awazalelwa kuyo sisityalo - Central Europe) ayikho nje eqhelekileyo. Nangona kulula ukuba ikhule.

Beka endlwini nezibane

Nangona khona igumbi cyclamen - climes ezifudumeleyo Ngaphambili KwiMeditera, nangoku ithanda udlulele ukukhanya, ngaphandle sesichengeni ngqo imitha yelanga. Ukuba kwambatha emgangathweni, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba kulahleke abangaboniyo, ngoko indawo engcono ukuba Koloni naseMpuma iifestile endlwini okanye amanqwanqwa intyatyambo ekhethekileyo kwindawo esethunzini kancinane. Wasendlini Cyclamen na ukhetho kakhulu malunga nolawulo lobushushu. Olu phawu bakhe enye bokuqonda yokukhula. lobushushu ehlotyeni kufuneka ibe phakathi izidanga 18-25 kunye nobusika ngeyona nethandwa - 10. Ukungaphumeleli ezi meko kungakhokelela ekubeni yokuba cyclamen siphele nje iintyatyambo okanye jikelele kufa.

Ngokutsho iimfundiso Feng Shui, esi sityalo igalelo nokuzinziswa amandla endlwini okanye indlu, inika ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nentsapho emanyeneyo. Rhoqo yesi imo okanye ukudandatheka, ngokutsho iingcali entsimini, oko kuxhomekeke kwakhona. Cyclamen kuchaphazela kakuhle kwi yokusebenza kunye umoya kuyo, kuba iya kuba omuhle ukuba le ofisi. Ukuba ufuna ukuzisa imvakalelo ecacileyo ebomini bakho, bakhetha cyclamen nangemisonto ebomvu eqaqambileyo, kuba luthando, khetha omhlophe okanye obomvu.

Yintoni nokulungisa emhlabeni?

Xa uthenga umhlaba esele zenziwe, ngoko ke akukho nzima uya kuvuka. Ukuba kukho umnqweno uyose ngokwakho, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo amanqaku eziliqela ezibalulekileyo. igumbi Homeland cyclamen imisela ukubonakala kwaso, yaye oku kufanele kuqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umhlaba. Kuba Persian, iingcali ukucebisa nokulungisa sheet emhlabeni, emhlabeni Turf, wamatye esanti enkulu ngokulinganayo. Kuyingenelo kakhulu ukongeza kwekalika nakhandiweyo ilitye okanye imali encinci (1 inxalenye) kunye nja-.

A ukwakheka umlinganiselo ngandlel ezahlukeneyo amacandelo ezifunwa yi-cyclamen yaseYurophu. izityalo Homeland - amadlelo eneentaba. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba kwamanzi, yaye oko zivunywa umxube Turf, umhlaba amagqabi, wamatye, umgquba kunye isanti ratio 2: 2: 2: 2: 1. umxube Umhlaba kufuneka calcined okanye iyabiliswa eziko ukuthintela ukuvela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezinambuzane. Unako ukongeza 1 kg superphosphate wayigqiba komhlaba (1 g), isichumiso phosphate (4 g), Ammonium Nitrate (0.4 g). Cyclamen ekhaya akudingi imbiza enkulu, kungcono ukukhetha nzulu, kunye ububanzi of 10-15 cm.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ubunzulu lokutyala. Iingcambu cyclamen yaseYurophu ikhula kulo lonke achazwe apha le tuber, ukuze ngokukhuselekileyo uyibeke ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni. Kodwa congener yakhe Persian kuhle ukushiya incam kumphezulu womhlaba.

YaseYurophu cyclamen ukufakelwa hayi kaninzi kakhulu ufuna. Ukuba imbiza mkhulu, kusenokuba ibole okanye, okungcono, ziya kupheza ukuba utyatyambe. zezinto ezinkulu iguquka imbiza (ngaphezulu 1-2 cm kuneyokuqala) kanye kwiminyaka 2-4.

umbuso Water

Umbuzo indlela wokuwunyakamisa cyclamen kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthobela umbuso amanzi - oku isiqingatha imfazwe kumba zokuvuna. Le sisityalo obushushu asezantsi (degrees 10-15) awudingi ukufuma phezulu, ngoko ke uya kuziva bekhululekile ngokwaneleyo, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba kutshizwa. Oku kufuneka kuphela xa igumbi eshushu. Loo nto nje akukho mfuneko ukutshiza isityalo ngokwayo kunye womoya olingqongileyo ukuthintela ukufuma zingangeni ngamagqabi okanye tuber nibonise. Okanye kuyimfuneko ukubeka imbiza kwi uhlalutye omanzi okanye ngodongwe eyandisiweyo okwethutyana.

Into yokuqala ukukhumbula uyakhula cyclamen ekhaya - yena uluthiyile ukufuma kwemfuneko. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka silumke kakhulu, kodwa ke omninzi ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo, angabikho zingqondweni yodongwe omisa ayikwazi azisayi kunyanyezelwa. Amanzi akufuneki phezu kwamagqabi amatswele, ingakumbi, oko kunokukhokelela ukubola kweengcambu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka amanzi kufuphi ngohlangothi imbiza apho ekhula intyantyambo. ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamanzi anyibilike, ukuba uthatha impompo, ngoko phambi kokuba ukunkcenkceshela cyclamen, kufuneka ayinike ukulungisa. Ixesha bekuya kufuna iiyure ezili-12.

umanyolo

Cyclamen wondla ekhaya kuyimfuneko ngexesha esebenzayo ezikhulayo, xa ukukhula kakhulu iqala, kwasekwa namaqhina. Akukho mfuneko ukunkcenkceshela isichumiso nje azithenge evenkileni intyatyambo, makuthethe acclimate kuqala ukukuqhela iimeko ezintsha. Ubuninzi - kanye rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini. Izichumisi ukuze organic nezimbiwa. Umlinganiselo yokugqibela kwaye bagcine khetha ezo apho isiqulatho iklorin inani elisezantsi. Ngoku ezivenkileni kungafumaneki ndawo ibalingeneyo flower isichumiso ekhethekileyo uhlobo nganye izityalo, bakhetha intsalela kakhulu kangangoko izimbiwa kunye nezinto eziphilayo, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba uthenge ezi. Ukufumaneka akuyomfuneko ukumisela yi iliso, enze ngokwemiyalelo. Kungenjalo, oku kukhokelela kubaqeshwa abangaphezulu kwe-nitrogen emhlabeni, yaye oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni izinto liza kuphuhlisa amagqabi, kalula, uya sisiqalo kwakhiwa ubunzima oluhlaza, kwaye akusayi kubona kweentyatyambo.

Cyclamen: indlela ukuthatha unonophelo ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo?

Kubalulekile ukugcina ubushushu elichanekileyo zezulu kweli gumbi, hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15 ° C, kodwa hayi ngezantsi-10 ° C - eziqinisekisa i kweentyatyambo inala elide. Cyclamens ngeli xesha kufuneka ukunkcenkceshelwa kuninzi, kodwa ayikwazi ukugcwalisa. Ngoko ke, amanzi agqithisileyo kufuneka amanzi ukusuka sump emva kwemizuzu 10-15. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko iliso amagqabi uze ususe ixesha owomileyo, kungenjalo kunokukhokelela ukubola. Xa kubuna kwanda, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa ngenyameko kuyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba uphendule kancinane, baludiliza.

Ithuba lokuphumula

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka emva kweenyanga 3-4 kweentyatyambo luninzi. Kwaye le yenye iimpendulo kumbuzo kutheni cyclamen uthanda. Kuqala ukumisa indlela amathupha ezintsha, yaye emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe kunye namagqabi kubuna. Kule cyclamen bamaPersi kwenzeka ngo-Apreli, eli xesha kufuneka incitshiswe yamanzi. Kwaye xa amagqabi musa kuhlala konke konke, ngoko ke kufuneka nje kancinci ukulondoloza ukufuma komhlaba. Ngeli xesha, nge kwembiza intyatyambo kumele isuswe kwindawo epholileyo umthunzi. Kumazwe amaninzi, isityalo cyclamen Persian lwahluma njenge-off mnye, kuthiwa thaca ngeKrismesi okanye Unyaka Omtsha, ndithi kuhle wemikhosi kukholekile nezidubula intabalala, uze ke uthi alahlwa nje. Kwaye oku kwenza ingqiqo, ngenxa yokuba ngokuthenga ivenkile eqhubela cyclamen basePersi, kunqabile ukuba ukufikelela efanayo re-yintlahla ekhaya. Bonke bephela ezilinywa a gases kwaye siqhelane microclimate ongaphakathi endlwini kakhulu, kunzima kakhulu. Ngoko ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, cinga ukuba akhule ngayo cyclamen, noba ixesha elaneleyo kuyo, enoba kukho indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala. Ukuba nesibindi, ulumke xa ukhetha. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunika imiyalelo cyclamens, abaqala nje ukuba utyatyambe, umhlaba kufuneka abangaxhalabisiyo amagqabi efumileyo - kunye turgor yesiqhelo, iingcambu kunye amatswele - akukho zimpawu ukubola kunye nomonakalo kwezinambuzane.

Emva kwexesha Ezinye cyclamen basePersi ebomini ekuqaleni kobusika. Kamsinya nje uqaphele ukuba amagqabi kuvela, kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa ukunkcenkceshela izityalo kwaye uye kwindawo eliqaqambileyo.

lokwanda cyclamen

Ungakwenza oku ngeendlela ezimbini: imbewu kunye kwisahlulo tuber. Indlela yokugqibela yi kwakubuhlungu kakhulu izityalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni sibe phantsi kwaye ngoko ke alufane lusetyenziswe kweli khaya. Ukukhulisa cyclamen embewini - yinto indlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi zityalwe, nangenxa iintlobo bamaPersi - kuphela eyamkelekileyo. Ukuba ukhule iintlobo ezimbalwa, yaye unqwenela ukufumana iikopi ukuba ziyafana kubo, kungcono ukuba bashiye ingcamango ekhayeni lakho. Imbewu afunyenwe ekhaya, akubonakali ukugcina iimpawu phenotypic zabazali babo. Oku kungenxa yokuba zonke izityalo iivenkile - hybrid isizukulwana yokuqala, ukwanda kwabo emva kukhokelela iimpawu ukuqhekeka. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba bathenge imbewu, kwaye kungakuhle ukuba kumenzi ethembekileyo.

Utyala imbewu ka cyclamen kunokwenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa ke eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oko kwangoko entwasahlobo. Sebenzisa i esele zenziwe, ukuthenga umhlaba engenazintsholongwane. Imbewu kufuneka pre-zifakwe isisombululo ibe bio-stimulator kukhula, ezifana ichiza "Appin", njengoko kubhaliweyo nemiyalelo yokusebenzisa. Ibhokisi aniswele nzulu kakhulu. Elizweni vee zenza (1 cm), amanzi ngononophelo kwaye kucinywa leechki walungisa imbewu. Emva kokuba uvale i inkonkxa polyethylene ngaphaya kwawo, njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuze ukuntshula zicinywe. Qiniseka ukugcina ukufuma komhlaba kunye nobushushu sezingeni eliphezulu air - 20 ° C. Emva kwenyanga okanye iiveki ezintandathu kuya kubakho amahlumelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa umboniso ze uhambisae ibhokisi ibe indawo ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ukukhanya. Xa isityalo esitsha kuya kufuneka amagqabi zimbini okanye zintathu, kuyimfuneko ukuba singene imbiza ahlukeneyo, yaye emva kweenyanga 6-7, zilinywe kwisikhongozeli enkulu kunye ububanzi of 8-10 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo nyaka wokuqala cyclamen bangabi "kuphumla", kwaye esezansi malunga 2 iminyaka. Ukukhulisa cyclamen ekhaya evela imbewu - nto kakhulu anzima kwaye kufuna indlela ngokucokisekileyo nangenyameko.

Primroses egadini

Cyclamen kakhulu othandwayo Njengesityalo, undilibele ngokupheleleyo njengentyantyambo njengomyezo. Akhule kuyo emhlabeni olusithabazi kunokuba, kodwa oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwimimandla ezifudumeleyo ka-Russia, kunye shushu kakhulu ehlotyeni elide. Ngokusesikweni, Kakade ke, ngenxa yale njongo iza kuthetha cyclamen yaseYurophu. Uya kukhangela mkhulu emiyezweni eweni, xa izityalo iqela crocuses kunye nezinye primroses. Ezinye iingcali begadi uyiphathe ukuba ikhule kwi Urals. Ukuba ufuna ukuhombisa cyclamen sayithi yakho, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba bokuqonda esisiseko embalwa:

• site ukutyala kufuneka zikhuselwe uyilo kunye nemvula, umzekelo, phantsi kwemithi yomyezo;
• Umhlaba kufuneka akhanywe kakuhle, ukuba kudlule ukufuma, uphambuke ezintethweni tsi amanzi;
• ukuba ikhephu encinane ebusika, oko kufuneka cyclamen kancinci hide amasebe nespruce nespruce;
• i tuber kufuneka ityalwe emhlabeni ngokupheleleyo, eshiya inxalenye ephezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi;
• musa ukutshintsha rhoqo kakhulu beka izityalo kule ndawo, njengoko oku kuya buthathaka kwakhe, cyclamen angakhula elide ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kwe zokuhlala.

Izifo nezinambuzane

izityalo ezininzi amaninzi achaphazelekayo kunye nezifo iintsholongwane okanye ezinzwaneni kunegalelo kukhathalelo engafanelekanga, ezizezi:

• umoya owomileyo kakhulu, ukufuma kwemfuneko emhlabeni, zokukhanya - konke oku buthathaka amajoni omzimba;
• okungalungile zeendawana;
• mkhulu kakhulu okanye, icala, isitsha encinane;
• isichumiso kwemfuneko eziqulathe nitrogen;
• indawo ngokungafanelekanga kule ndlu.

Cinga izifo ezixhaphakileyo ezikhathaza cyclamen ekhaya.

1. Fusarium. Kuye yohlobo imingxunya kakhulu kuchaphazela iimpahla kwisityalo. Ngoko ke, lo umlimi kufuneka yaziswe xa Amagqabi aqalisa ukuba tyheli ukusuka phezulu kancane. Plant Ungagcina ukutshiza benika ingcambu ekhethekileyo izisombululo njengezibulali.
2. umngundo Grey. isizathu - yinto ngundo "Botrytis". Development lukhuthazwa ukufuma aphezulu umoya obandayo kunye ukungena kwamanzi ngexesha ukunkcenkceshela emagqabini kwisiseko emithi. Cyclamen, ogama ifoto siboniswa apha ngezantsi, wawabetha ngundo "Botrytis". Xa wafumana iimpawu ezifanayo zokugula into yokuqala ukuyenza - kukuba ekwahluleni isityalo ezisulelweyo zezinto esempilweni. Inyathelo lesibini - susa kwaye ulahle i ezonakeleyo, uze emva koko ziphathwe a cyclamen fungicide.
3. Anthracnose. Esi sifo fungal, ngokuchaseneyo, kwenzeka ezishushu nokufuma agqithisileyo emhlabeni. Kuqala hit amagqabi kunye iindiza yeentyatyambo, waza emva koko cyclamen yonke. Photo ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba xa eqhubela phambili Amaqhina ezonakeleyo balahlekelwa okwakhiwe, kunye namagqabi kubuna.
4. Kuzo zonke izinambuzane kufanele kuphawulwe iintwala, intothoviyane kunye cyclamen nemalanana. Ukuba izinambuzane ezimbini zokuqala kungabonwa iimviwo kufutshane, le yokugqibela - musa. Cyclamen nemalanana oluncinane kakhulu, baqonde ukuba isityalo losulelwe oko kuba ngezizathu ezininzi: indawo achaphazelekayo ukukhula, likhaba amagqabi engundoqo uba egosogoso kwaye ayinyuki, ukuhlala elifutshane, namaqhina musa akhahlele, abune. flower Wosuleleke yiNtsholongwane efunekayo unyango zinambuzane. Intothoviyane kwakhona ekulula ukuyibona ngeliso lenyama. izityalo umonakalo izinambuzane abadala kunye kwindawo yazo. Ngokusisiseko, ziyingozi amagqabi emithi kwinkqubo yobomi ukuba ashiye ngasemva "lisekhondweni" buqapheleke. Sebenzisa intothoviyane kukhuthaza eliphezulu lobushushu igumbi kunye nomoya owomileyo.

Kwidabi lokulwa izinambuzane nezifo amagciwane okanye imvelaphi yebhaktiriya ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kunceda amalungiselelo akhethekileyo: "oksihom", "fundazol", "fitosporin", "Topaz", "Agat-25K", nesalfure colloidal.

Yaye khumbula ukuba ukwanda kwezifo zinakho ukuthintelwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyiyo zonkcenkceshelo kunye nokukhuthaza umoya ejikeleza kwi gumbi, ukuvimbela kungekho kukhula kwayo.