Bone densitometry kwamathambo - elinye ithuba ukufumana kwangaphambili malunga nesifo

Kwamathambo - ngezifo, apho amathambo balahlekelwe icalcium, kanjalo waba krobo. Ukuba kukho into ubuncinane ibuhlungu ukuze ukugqabhuza okanye ukwaphula. Ngephutha bakholelwa ukuba sifo kwenzeka abantu imizimba ngaba ufumene imali ngokwaneleyo calcium. Oku akuyonyani. Kwamathambo eyenzeke nkqu agqithisile izinto mkhondo ekutyeni. Isizathu sokuba ubu ithambo ukwanda na ukufakwa elingonelanga amathambo calcium okanye "washout".

Le umyalezo kwamathambo

Lexinene ithambo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani hormone ngesondo. Ngabantu, testosterone ngaphezu abafazi, ngoko amathambo zabo ziyatyeba kwaye banamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwamathambo sivame ukuxilongwa kumabhinqa, ingakumbi ukuya exesheni, kuba ngelo xesha kwinqanaba hormone yehliswe kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kufanele kuphawulwe hypodynamia kwamathambo, ukungabikho ivithamin D, iwayini esela, ukutshaya, ukubakhona kwezifo ezingapheliyo (seswekile, izilonda lengqula, isifo sesibindi kunye nezintso).

Indlela yokubona kwamathambo?

Ukuba umntu lidiniwe bone iintlungu, utshintsho ukuma kunye iqinelwa, ilahleko iinwele kunye Ukonakala kwamazinyo, kwakunye kwizaphuko rhoqo uthi, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze densitometry. Olu luvavanyo ekhawulezileyo yalula ngokupheleleyo evumela ukuchaza nokulinganisa ukulahleka kwamathambo kunye nesiqulatho kwezimbiwa ukumisa nokuvavanya umngcipheko waphuka. Le yeyona ndlela lomkhusane kakhulu ezibuthathaka moshilongo kwangoko kwamathambo.

Eli densitometry nto candling ithambo ezingabonakaliyo X-reyi. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa idosi eliphantsi ionizing radiation kusiwa ngokohlobo kwemali ezimbini amandla, nto leyo evumela ukuba zihlolwe fast nangokuchanekileyo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba densitometry ithambo ephawuleka idosi radiation, nto leyo kuyehla kube ubuncinane (lingaphantsi kwe 1/10 ye idosi ukuba izigulane afunyenwe ebudeni ray esifubeni standard).

Xa le densitometry

Iimpawu zale saveyi lithi zilandelayo:

• kwabadala yokuqala okanye exesheni, okwenzeka balandelayo basetyhini kumiwe sexesheni;
• phambi ukusilela kwezintso;
• isifo sesibindi;
• unyango lwexesha elide kunye glucocorticoids;
• syndrome malabsorption zokondla, nto leyo ekhokelela calcium ngxaki;
• densitometry bone nalo kuqhutywa phambi isifo samathambo, hyperparathyroidism kunye hyperadrenocorticism ngokunjalo hypothyroidism seswekile.

Ukuba kukho Ukophuka Unxunguphalo minor, oku kwakhona kubonisa ukuba uphando. Kukholelwa ukuba yaphula ingqibelelo kwamathambo osteoporosis kunciphisa ixesha lokuphila yezigulane ngaphezu imihlaza ewe, ngoko ke ubhaqo kwangethuba esi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye iimeko iintlobo yale ngezifo umboniso ilifa.

Bone densitometry: Key

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo lokufumana osteoporosis, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo linqongophele kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ulungiso ezahlukeneyo MRI ayabiza, Itomography eninzi ayifum unika eliphezulu ithamo radiation, izifundo indices kwemichiza efanelekileyo yokucolwa bone luphawulwa okukhulu e data yemimiselo, kwaye isigulane uziva ubuhlungu xa amathambo biopsy. Xa na uxilongo kwamathambo, densitometry yeyona ndlela ithandwa kakhulu.

Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili eziye yasungulwa ngqo ekufumanekeni esi sifo:

• X-reyi absorptiometry;
• densitometry ultrasound;
• Itomography ngekhompyutha neuropathy (has ethile ebalulekileyo - awuvumeli ukuba ukuhlola imeko amathambo yezihlunu amathambo).

Kuba ukukhetha sasekunene indlela zophando kunye novavanyo olululo iziphumo athathele ingqalelo awohluke ukwenza izinto zonyango. Kwakhona kuthathelwa ingqalelo imiqathango echaphazelekayo diagnostic.

Principles of nokuhlola iziphumo densitometry

Ukuchaza idatha yesaveyi afunyenwe emva elithi "osteopenia" okanye sebenzisa "kwamathambo". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isigulo lwezonyango, kodwa kuphela ukuba uphawu enokuthi ihambe nayiphi sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi skeletal kunye nokunciphisa ingxinano. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba densitometry ithambo singàphunyezwa moshilongo echanileyo nokuchonga izigulane esichengeni zaphuka.

Ngesi sixhobo software (densitometer) ithelekisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kunye sedata ekhethiweyo, kwaye umahluko ngokweenkcukacha. Umiselwa inani ezinxaxhileyo standard elibizwa igama T-test (asetyenziselwa uthelekiso kunye nabantu abatsha besini esifanayo isigulane) okanye Z-test (ukulinganisa, kuthatha iqela labantu yobudala efanelekileyo, isini kunye nobunzima baso).

Ukuba T-test ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2,5 SD, oku ingqamana osteopenia, ukuba iziphumo ngezantsi eli nani, omnye uthetha kwamathambo. Ezi nqobo babonwa "zisembundwini wawo." Oku kufuneka ingqalelo ukuba utoliko oluchanekileyo lweziphumo densitometry.

X-reyi densitometry

Nngokobuchwepheshe, ngoncedo lwe X-ray zokukhanya na ukuhlola inkoliso amathambo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubanjwa umqolo densitometry (umqolo wakhe lumbosacral) hip, apho uninzi ekuphuhliseni Ukophuka ukuba kwamathambo. Kwakhona amisele lexinene inwebu bone ethangeni kunye ngesa- densitometry okanye achithe umzimba wonke. Oku kukuvumela uviwo ukuqinisekisa umxholo kwezimbiwa kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kuzo umzimba okanye wonke umzimba.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo zokuhlola amathambo kunye nesiqulatho izimbiwa imichiza kusetyenziswa indlela Isotope absorptiometry lo mgaqo esakhiwa ngo wokubhenca yamasuntswana gamma nokuvavanya ngesidanga ukufunxeka yabo. Into Ububi ebalulekileyo uphando hlobo sesichengeni radiation ebalulekileyo. Kamva baqala ukusebenzisa photon-ezimbini x-reyi absorptiometry, nto leyo ethe kakhulu kwaye ngaphantsi yingozi kwizigulane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yi nga ku pfuna ukuchonga% 2-3 kuphela kwamathambo, ngoko le saveyi zinokusetyenziswa sokuhluza amabhinqa exesheni ngenxa efumanise kwamathambo yokuqala.

ultrasound densitometry

Olu hlobo phando ukuvavanya amandla ithambo. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo lexinene, emincinci kunye luthambe, kwakunye Ebubanzini nwebu cortical. Ingenelo ebalulekileyo kuphando olunjalo - ukungabikho sesichengeni kwemitha. Xa kuqwalaselwa ukhuseleko kule nkqubo, oko kuphindwa ngaphandle zonke izithintelo.

Kufuneka ke ukuba densitometry enjalo isekelwe isakhono kwamaza cuke ukusasaza ecaleni kumphezulu ithambo, okanye abasasazeke ijwabu ithambo. Kulo mzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumisela luthambe, lexinene ukuqina kwethambo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba densitometry ithambo cuke lisetyenziswa kuphela iimviwo asemzimbeni yoluvo. Amaninzi, le ndlela wabancina isithende kunye lesiquluba, patella, okanye phalanges. Uninzi lwezixhobo ukumisela isantya zityalwe cuke okanye eziphango, nto leyo ibonisa nje kuphela kwamathambo, kodwa kwakhona kwi ekufumanekeni micro okanye trabecular.

isiphelo

Nokuba kwamathambo iphathwa njani (ngohlobo lwe luphawu okanye isifo), densitometry ivumela ukufumanisa ubungozi zaphuka. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukukhetha ummandla zophando kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba Uxinaniso ngethambo nzima okanye isenokungabi okufanayo wonke umzimba.

Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, kufuneka ukwazi iipateni zilandelayo:

• into trabecular bahlukunyezwe syndrome ngxaki okanye kungalingani hypogonadal steroid;
• umonakalo olukhethayo ithambo cortical uyaqapheleka saka, hyperthyroid, kwamathambo abaneswekile;
• ukuba isigulane ebuntwaneni okanye lokufikisa kuphuhlisa sisifo iphazamisane ukukhula amathambo omntu, la mathambo uxilongwe iziphene zenkqubo yezemfundo. Bona kunye umonakalo zombini layers ithambo.

Kufuneka wazi ukuba kukho Umkhuba "ekusasazeni 'kwamathambo ngamathambo yezihlunu kwiindawo zawo peripheral, ngoko kufuneka kuqala sihlolisise amathambo moshilongo ekuqaleni. densitometry Free, ngelishwa inqabile, ukususela kwisaveyi idla olwenziwe kwiiklinikhi zabucala kwaye ifuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo.