Bisphosphonates - yintoni na? I-bisphosphonates ekwenzeni unyango lwe-osteoporosis

Inkqubo ye-musculoskelet yenza enye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Yinkxaso yazo zonke izitho. Imeko yamathambo inendima ebalulekileyo kulo. Xa kukho izibandezelo kumalungu, umgudu, ukuqhuma rhoqo, ngoko umgangatho wobomi bomntu uncitshiswa kakhulu. Esinye isifo, esoloko sihamba kunye neempawu ezifanayo, i-osteoporosis.

Ukuba ubuya kugqirha ngokukhawuleza, kukho ithuba lokuphucula kakhulu imeko yesigulane. Okwangoku, i-bisphosphonates isetyenziselwa kunyango lwe-osteoporosis. Ezi ziyobisi zinganika ithemba lokubuyisela. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iiyeza ezi.

Ziziphi i-bisphosphonates

Igama leli qela leziyobisi lenziwe ngenxa yomxholo wesibini iiphosphonates. Inkqubo yesenzo iphumelele ngenxa yokufana kwayo kunye ne-pyrophosphonates, enefuthe elikhulu ekulawuleni umthamo we-calcium emathanjeni.

Ukuba nesakhiwo esifanayo, i-bisphosphonates inqanda ama-enzyme angasebenzisa i-pyrophosphonates. Babonakala bebopha i i-calcium ions baze bawabuyisele emathanjeni amathambo.

Icandelo elincinci lokuthatha izidakamizwa kukuba amalungiselelo aqukethe i-bisphosphonates inomsebenzi okhethwayo kwindlela yamathambo, apho ukuqokelela kwe-calcium kwenzeka khona.

Ngenxa yolu nyathelo ekwenzeni unyango lwe-osteoporosis, kunokwenzeka ukukhusela ukulahleka kwe-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus, enefuthe elihle kunyango.

Iindidi ze-bisphosphonates

Abaninzi abakwaziyo malunga ne-bisphosphonates. Yintoni na? Okwangoku, isizukulwana sesithathu sale qela lamayeza sele senziwe. Oogqirha bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa iziyobisi zezizukulwana ezimbini zokuqala. Ngoku amayeza amaninzi aqulethe i-bisphosphonates, bonke bangahlukana ngamaqela amakhulu amabini:

1. Elula, engenayo i-nitrogen.
2. Iqela le-bisphosphonates, eziquka i-nitrogen-aminobisphosphonates.
   

Umahluko phakathi kwala maqela amabini kukuba unempembelelo eyahlukileyo kwi-osteoclasts.

I-nitrogeni ene-Bisphosphonates

Yintoni na? Ezi mveliso ziqulethe izinto ezilandelayo:

1. I-Ibandronic acid ivela kwisizukulwana sesithathu, isetyenziselwe kutshanje kwaye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo enkulu ukukhusela i-osteoporosis kubasetyhini, ingakumbi ngexesha lokumisa.
2. I-asidi ye-Zolendronic ithinta ngokukhethekileyo izicubu zethambo, ineempembelelo ezichazwe kakuhle. Ngokwesi siseko, iziyobisi ezinjenge "Zometa", "Zolendronate" ziveliswa.
3. I-alendronate sodium ibhekisela kubahlaziyi be-hormonal of correctional metabolism kwisithambo samathambo, kuncedisa ekwakheni isakhiwo esifanelekileyo sesithambo.
4. I-sodium ye-Ibandronate, ngesiseko esiyivelisa ngayo: I-Bonviva, iBoniva, iBondronat, inqanda umsebenzi we-osteoclasts, kodwa ayichaphazeli inani labo. Ezi i-bisphosphonates zonyango lwe-osteoporosis zisebenza kakuhle, ngokukodwa njengeprolactic ekukhuleni komama kwabasetyhini.
   

Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba akufanele ujoyine unyango, unyango kufuneka lubekwe ngugqirha.

I-bisphosphonates elula

Amalungiselelo e-nitrogen-free of bisphosphonates kwi-osteoporosis asetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa. Ezi ziquka:

1. "I-Etidronate" ngendlela yamacwecwe kunye neenjini. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayinqunyelwe kuphela i-osteoporosis, kodwa nesifo sePaget, i-hypercalcemia, eyenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yesifo se-oncological.
2. "I-Clodronate" ifumaneka ngefomsile, iipilisi kunye nezisombululo. Ukuphumelela kwi-osteoporosis kunye ne-osteolysis.
3. "I-Tududronate" isoloko ibhalwe kuphela kubantu abadala abanesifo sePaget. Kubantwana kuphikisana.
   

Kukholelwa ukuba la maqela amabini eziyobisi anempembelelo eyahlukileyo kumzimba wesetyhini kunye nendoda, kungenxa yoko amayeza amnandi iziyobisi ezine-nitrogen zifanelekile. Kukho nawuphi na, ukhetho lufanele lwenziwe kuphela ngugqirha wakho.

Ukusebenza kweziyobisi ngezifo ezahlukeneyo

Kukho uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezifo apho unyango lwe-bisphosphonate lunokuba nempembelelo emihle.

1. Osteoporosis.
2. Myeloma.
3. Osteodystrophy.
4. Hyperparathyroidism eprayimari.
5. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokwakha amathambo amathambo.
6. Ngama-metastase amathambo.

Kulolu hlobo lwezifo, ugqirha kuphela umisela iyeza, umlinganiselo walo kunye nobude bokusetyenziswa. Ukwenza unyango, ungalimaza umzimba kuphela.

Inkqubo yesenzo

Ekubeni izilungiselelo ze-bisphosphonate ze-osteoporosis zifumana isicelo esikhulu, kubalulekile ukufumana indlela yokwenza kwabo.

Zonke iiseli zomzimba wethu zihlaziywa ngezihlandlo, kuyafana okufanayo malunga namathambo esithambo. Kwimeko yokulingana kwayo igcinwa ngoncedo lwe-osteoblasts, ezijongene nokuhlanganiswa kwezicubu ezintsha, kwakunye ne-osteoclasts ezijongene nokutshabalalisa. Ngoko ke, i-BF ngandlela-thile imimangaliso inqanda umsebenzi we-osteoclasts, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zize zenze indlela yokuzibulala.

Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba ngexesha langoku, izazinzulu azizange zikwazi ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba i-bisphosphonates ikwazi ukuthintela njani ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zethambo. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuba ezi ziyobisi zidibaniswa ne-hydroxyapatite patches emathanjeni, ngenxa yoko ukuguqulwa kwezicubu zethambo kuguquka.

Kuyakuthi kuqaphele ukuba ukuba i-bisphosphonates isetyenziselwe unyango lwe-osteoporosis ixesha elide, ngoko-ke izifo zonyango zonyango zisetyenziswe ngokutsha.

Bisphosphonates kwiimitha zesithintelo

Xa umhlaza ukhula , isigaba senzeke xa iiseli zomhlaza zisuka kwiinjongo zazo eziphambili kwaye zisasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Kwindawo entsha, bayabamba kwaye baqale ukwandisa, benze ama-metastases.

Iimpawu ze-Bone zihlaziywa rhoqo, ngoko ke amathuba okusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Xa umhlaza wesangena ungena emnzini wethambo, ukuphazamisa ukusebenzisana okuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-osteoclasts kunye ne-osteoblasts, ekhokelela ekuveliseni okungalunganga kweethambo zethambo.

Ekubeni kunzima ukucacisa ubukho be-metastase, kuba kwiinqanaba zokuqala le nkqubo iqhubeka ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwempawu, ngoko-oncologists kufuneka bafumane uvavanyo oluchanekileyo ukuchonga i-foci yesibini.

Phakathi kwazo zonke iindlela zokonyango lwee-metastases, i-bisphosphonates isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ezi ziyobisi zinyanzeliswa ngokugqithiseleyo zizigulane, zivame ukunika iziphumo ezibi.

Ziyakwazi ukudibaniswa ne-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy. Ngokusetyenziswa kwezi zonyango, ukwehla kweziganeko ze-metastasis kwisisithambo samathambo kwisifo somhlaza, kunye ne- myeloma, yabonakala .

Xa i-hypercalcemia ikhula, okwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwizifo zomhlaza, izidakamizwa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zijojo kunye neenjini. Isiphumo esihle kakhulu sibonise iindlela ezifana ne "Zolendronic acid", "Pamidronate". Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kokonyango, iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuqhelaniswa komxholo we-calcium egazini, kwaye isiphumo sinokuhlala kwiintsuku eziliqela.

Iingcebiso ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-bisphosphonates

Ukuba awuzange uve nge-bisphosphonates, yintoni na, ugqirha uya kukuxelela. Ukutywala kwezi zi yobisi kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokwemiqathango ethile:

• Thatha imithi emva kokuvuka, ubuncinane iyure ngaphambi kokutya.
• Geza ngamanzi amaninzi.
• Ungasebenzisi izixhobo zamanzi ezilwelo, umzekelo, ijusi, itiye, ikhofi. Ziyaphazamisa ukutsalwa kwe-bisphosphonates.
• Emva kokuchitha ipilisi, awukwazi ukulala phantsi, ufuna malunga neyure enye neyure ukuba ube kwindawo egciniweyo, ukuze umphumo kwisigxina ungancinci.
• Akukhuthazwa ukudibanisa i-BF ne-calcium, i-magnesium, isinyithi kunye ne-aluminium.

Ukuba uhambelana nazo zonke ezi ngcebiso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-bisphosphonates akuyi kuzisa iziphumo ezingathandekiyo.

I-bisphosphonates kwi-osteoporosis: i-pros and cons

Kwonyango, i-bisphosphonates esuka kwi-osteoporosis isetyenziswa kakhulu. Amachiza aphumelele ngokufanayo kumadoda nabasetyhini. Izinzuzo eziphambili zala mayeza zibandakanya:

• Ungazibandakanyi ihommoni.
• Musa ukufaka isandla ekuphuhliseni izifo zentliziyo.
• Izidumbu ezibi kunye ne-BF aziqhubeki.

Kodwa kunoma yimuphi umgqomo wobusi ungahlala ufumana i-fly in the ointment. I-Bisphosphonates, nangona iphumelele ekwenzeni unyango lwe-osteoporosis, ayikugqibeki. Inzondelelo enkulu yokwamkela kwabo inganika iziphumo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuchaphazela kakubi isibindi kunye neentso.
• Ukuba ilawulwa ngokusesikweni, mhlawumbi kuphuhliso lwe-hypocalcemia.
• Isilonda sesisu okanye isisu singenzeka.
• Ukubonakala kubonakala emzimbeni.
• Abanye banobuthakathaka ngokubanzi, i-malaise ne-nausea.
• Ubuhlungu kwiimisipha.
• Iingxaki ngamehlo.
• Uhudo okanye urhudo.
  

Ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa ukuba yonke le miphumo engathandekiyo iya kubonakala kuyo yonke isigulane, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukwazi ngabo. Ukuba unqunywe i-bisphosphonates, yintoni na, ugqirha uya kuchaza, uya kukhetha umlinganiselo weliyobisi kunye nobude bonyango.

La mayeza asebenza kakuhle ekhatheni kwe-osteoporosis, kunye nezinye izifo. Ngaphambi kokumisela iyeza, ugqirha uya kuqhuba ukuhlolwa ukuze afune imeko ye-metabolism kwi-bone tissu kunye ne-homeostasis ye-calcium, ngoko ungazimiselali iziyobisi zeli qela.

Ukuze ungabandakanyi kwiinkonzo zonyango, kuyimfuneko ukukholisa indlela yokuphila enempilo, landela zonke iingcebiso zoogqirha, udle ngokufanelekileyo. Kule meko kuphela inkqubo yakho yeethambo iya kulandelwa.