Andzhey Vayda kunye bhanya zakhe ezikrelekrele. Biography kanye photo lomlawuli

Yena - enye bhanya edume kakhulu futhi abadumileyo nje kuphela eMpuma Yurophu kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Yena - mlawuli yeqonga, screenwriter kunye nomlawuli. Kuba igalelo okukhulu cinema ihlabathi, ubezukile yena ukuba abe winner le "Oscar" yekhethelo kunye iimbasa ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe kunye amabhaso. Buyela kwi 50 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yena kwixesha elifutshane likwazile ukuzuza yamkeleke umboniso, xa athe waba ngomnye neenkokeli zesikolo esitsha Polish, isekwanjalo nanamhla, nangona kweminyaka kunokuba phambili. Yena - a Andzhey Vayda omkhulu, le ndoda yalitshintsha kwimbonakalo kwi cinema.

Childhood Masters

Ukumkani elizayo cinematography wazalelwa ngoMatshi 6, 1926. Esi siganeko senzeke kwi umntla-ePoland, kwidolophu Suwalki. Kuyinto kwezi nkalo xesha ibekwe iiyunithi zomkhosi, apho wakhonza uyise, Jakub. Waye wayeligosa zokudubula ihashe, umphathi webutho, 41. Mama, Aniela, wasebenza utitshala.

In the eko - banesifo ekuqaleni kwezi ndawo kudlula kumda osempuma ePoland, kunye neeyunithi yezindlu. usapho Wajda yayihlala enqabeni yomkhosi, de ubawo abelwe kwenye idolophu wephondo Radom, nto leyo ngasezantsi, kufuphi Warsaw.

Enye yokuvela abantwana ngayo le nkwenkwe empini isiko imithambo, ukuhlola, ezahlukahlukeneyo zemiboniso kunye umngcwabo elimisiweyo. Kamva, ngowe-1939, endleleni yegumbi kwakhokelela ngqo ngaphambili, phantsi kwiitanki yotshaba. Yaba sisithethe, kodwa umgca lahlule phakathi kobomi nokufa ayisekho.

Ilahleko lokuqala

NgoSeptemba 1939, imikhosi yeSoviet yayihlasela Eastern Poland. Bawo Andrzej waba ekuthinjweni eSoviet. Kwelinye amabanjwa namagosa akhe Polish entolongweni eminqubeni, wadubula kwi Katyn. Emva koko, iintlungu, ngokunjalo iinkumbulo imfazwe, umxholo ebomvu wadlula wonke umsebenzi yomlawuli. Xa ngemizobo yakhe Wajda abanakuthetha ezidlulileyo wakhe, nangona kumlawuli wakhe yolutsha enxulumene ngexesha Warsaw qhankqalazo. Uya kukuxelela into enye ngokupheleleyo abantu - a uLieutenant ka Zadar, a signaller Daisy, amaqhawe ifilimu "Canal" - ngabantu abathanda kwi movie, waza wabona nje iiyure ezimbalwa kwelanga ebomini ...

Ukusuka esikolweni ukuya ukusebenza

Ngowe-1939 Andzhey Vayda sabhiyozela unyaka-13. Yaba lusuku lokugqibela yokuzalwa, apho utata wakhe ngoku. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, yena wayengekho. Andrew uya kwibakala-8, kodwa kuqhamko lwe- Second World War, kwafuneka ukuyeka isikolo. Ukuze siphephe ukuba iqela oobhuti zithunyelwa ngenkani ukuba Reich German, inkwenkwe ufumana umsebenzi. Walitshintsha a lot of imisebenzi: yena longshoreman, owayengumfundi Cooper, a draftsman, wayengumzobi, umnini kwiindibano German. Nkqu ngomzobi ababehamba wanceda ukubuyisela esekelwe kwi amabandla. Ngexesha umsebenzi abatsha Andzhey Vayda ilizwe babo aluzange inxaxheba ekulweni, kodwa yaba lilungu le-komhlaba Ekhaya Army ibutho, yaye wathabatha isifungo.

Indlela ukukhetha indlela elungileyo ebomini?

Ukunceda ngabapeyinti isitalato abajikelezayo ekubuyiselweni le esekelwe ezicaweni, loo mfo kwaqaliswa nzulu ukupeyinta. Athotywa ukuzalwa iphupha lokuba mculi. Yiyo le phupha, kwaye negalelo ekubeni emva kwemfazwe, ngowe-1946, Andzhey Vayda wangena Krakow Academy of Arts Fine. Kodwa wafunda khona iminyaka emithathu kuphela. uhamba mlawuli Future esikolweni Lodz of cinema kwisebe ziqondisa. Nangona kunjalo, kunye womzobo yena abazahluli yaye waqhubeka inxaxheba kwimiboniso ezininzi.

Andzhey Vayda wayeqinisekile ukuba ngeli ixesha nje movie - ukuba uhlobo bokuzoba, nto leyo ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo ocalu-imfazwe, xa bonke ubomi emphethweni emfazwe kunye noxolo. ngoko bakholwa bonke abantu ukuba le movie kungaba yinto ebaluleke ngaphezu zokuzonwabisa kunesiqhelo; ukuba ungakwazi ukutshintsha lokuqonda koluntu.

"I-School entsha Polish"

Wajda iingcinga kwabelwane ngabanye abantu abatsha abanetalente owayefunda naye esikolweni umboniso - umlawuli umboniso Ezhi Kavalerovich, Andzhey Munk, Voytseh Ingaba. Oku nabo njengeqela Wajda udale into entsha movie, ekuthiwa 'isikolo Polish esitsha ". Emva kwethutyana ke yena Kulohambisa Umkhuba entsha kwaye abe omnye abalawuli abaziintloko ePoland.

indlela creative

Ngoxa umfundi, Andzhey Vayda, i-bhanya kakhulu ukuba uyazi abawathandayo ezininzi italente yakhe, ndandisebenza oncedisayo kwaye ngumlawuli oncedisayo. Yaba wesibini umlawuli Wajda Alexander Ford, xa wabeka umfanekiso 'emihlanu ezitratweni Bar. " Xa film "amabali ezintathu" Wajda waba intsebenziswano umbhali.

Ngeli yokuqeqesha umlawuli oselula wakwazi ukususa i short film yokuqala, "Xa ulala" yaye "Boy Ububi" yaseChekhov kunye obubhaliweyo "Ilzhetskaya ngodongwe." Wayekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba cinema uyakwazi ukutshintsha ihlabathi kunye iingqondo zabantu. Wajda waqala kakhulu inxaxheba kwithiyori lokuqondisa iimovie. amanqaku zakhe ziye zanceda ukuvula iindlela ezintsha kuphuhliso cinematography Polish.

ukuqondwa International ngumlawuli

Phakathi imisebenzi Andzheya Vaydy bhanya kufuneka uluhlu olubanzi izisombululo zobugcisa: le ncwadi yedrama psychological egumbini kunye njengobuxoki ezifihlakeleyo, imizekeliso kunye zomphakathi ubambe Imizobo zembali.

ifilimu yakhe yokuqala ethi "Recognition", ezifotwe 1954, kwaba isimanga ezinqwenelekayo abaphulaphuli nabagxeki ngokufanayo. Wayesele ezingabantu nobungcali. Ngoko ngephanyazo, umlawuli oselula, ngubani nje wajika kwiminyaka nje 26 ubudala, waba isithixo isizukulwana, yatsha ububi imfazwe. Enye impumelelo yakhe yaba film "Canal", iyaqhutywa kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Le film iphumelele i "isebe lesundu Silver" e-Cannes. Ngoku italente Wajda kuye kwaziwa eYurophu.

Omnye umboniso, i yokugcina trilogy malunga bemfazwe wathabatha Vayda Andzhey - 'Uthuthu kunye Diamonds ". Iteyiphu, ezafumana ibhaso Venice, ingqalelo omnye kakhulu, "kuvele ngenkxola yabantu" mlawuli. elide Le ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye fund yegolide cinema ehlabathini, wangena ngokuqinileyo top iifilimu ezilishumi.

Kwaba kuphela ngo-2007, emva kwamashumi ezininzi kangaka, umlawuli omkhulu, ekugqibeleni wakwazi phakamisa kancinci umkhusane kwi ndawo elingabhalwanga kwimbali yelizwe lakhe lokuzalwa - i Katyn ntlekele. Ukongeza, le ntlungu ukhathazeke ngqo naye. for Andzheya Vaydy Katyn waba umvandedwa wakhe mkhulu, koko waphumeza ngayo ubomi bakhe bonke.

Kulo umboniso, umlawuli wathi bayahlelwa amadoda kwimizalwane iimvakalelo wabafazi - yokuthembeka kwabo, lithemba, ukuhlupheka nosizi.

phenomenon Wajda

UAndrzej Wajda akazange kuquka intetho ngqo authorial. Abanalo i-umntu wokuqala, akukho "Mna" okanye phonogram okanye kwisakhelo. Yonke engaphakathi wathi abaphulaphuli ngokusebenzisa amabali ezahlukeneyo ubomi babanye abantu. Kwimeko nganye mfanekiso zakhe zonke amava oluntu kwaziswa njenge ayiphele njongo. Wajda yabiwe oonondaba ukuba kwiincwadi zakhe ukuba yabhalwa nto, ngokuba yonke umboniso wakhe yinxalenye yobomi bakhe. Bonke ke Kuphendula - oku engobomi bakhe ethi, indlela yakhe. Ukuba lo mba lomlawuli buchopho, umbhali wakhe cinema - ubuqambi kuyimfihlo kakhulu, inxulumene ne ebomini.

Xa Wajda wayeza ukudubula film "USamson" ngo-1961, indima ephambili female auditioned ezimakhulu mabini amantombazana. Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni bhanyabhanya uya Tyszkiewicz. Ngoko ke mlawuli wadibana umfazi wakhe elizayo wesithathu. De kwayiloo mini, wangena kungena emtshatweni, abantwana kabini, okwenyaniso akazange. Kwaye beata Tyszkiewicz wamzalela intombi, Carolina. Ngokusesikweni, isibini ebhalisiweyo ulwalamano lwabo emva kokuzalwa intombi yakhe.

Baba eLondon xa iindaba Kwaya kukufa ngesiquphe komhlobo kwabo Zbigneva Tsybulskogo. Beata wacebisa ukuba umyeni wakhe ukuba ukususa i tape, elingcwele UZbigniew. Andzhey Vayda yalathisa film "uSuku lwabaseTyhini" ngo-1968. Ngelishwa, kungekudala kwi-University of Warsaw, nje 8 Matshi, kwakukho ukuphazamiseka ubunzima abafundi ababhinqileyo. Isihloko Le film kwafuneka ukuba itshintshwe. Ngeli xesha beata Tyszkiewicz wabhala incwadi ethi "Yonke into ukuthengiswa". Uye wacebisa umyeni wakhe ukuba asebenze. Le filimu zaqhutywa, naza nahlukana intsapho.

Masters bobuchule

Umlawuli azama ukusebenzisa amandla akhe banezimbo. Andzheya Vaydy PIU kumba. Wadubula comedy kunye nedrama emkhosini, nkqu umfanekiso imisebenzi ngababhali abadumileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umsebenzi wakhe uthe waba ilizwi kwezopolitiko.

Xa film "Indoda Marble" wamngcatsha ekuhleni wagxeka inkqubo iqela-karhulumente, yaye emva kwethutyana wathi wayezixhasa intshukumo eliphikisayo ePoland. Ngo Wajda yaba kwindawo esebenzayo kunene yoluntu, ngoko ke lifike namanani oluntu weli lizwe. Lo msebenzi elingalibalekiyo Andrzej yanceda izibonda ujonge leyinene kwelinye icala. umsebenzi wakhe waba uphawu umanyano lwesizwe.

umsebenzi iye kumlawuli aphesheya: yamfota "Lady Macbeth Mtsensokgo County" Leskov, yena sadlala umdlalo "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" yi Dostoevsky. Ngokutsho imveliso Bulgakov kwi German TV sokudubula Andzhey Vayda "The Master noMargarita." yimveliso Theatrical, ayibeka, waya imiboniso Melika naseYurophu.

Kuba indlela yakhe elide kumsebenzi yomlawuli Andzhey Vayda iye isuswe imizobo ngaphezu kwama-60 waza wabeka ezininzi zomsebenzi kumabala emidlalo. bhanya yakhe umvuzo. Ngowe-2002 waba wawongwa enye amabhaso abadumileyo mfi kaThixo - yekhethelo "Oscar".