Amandla Secret of Aleksandra Nevskogo

Ngawo onke amaxesha, eRashiya yabangela zamaqhawe, Owathi ngemihla ezimnyama lokuba wakhona. Abaninzi kubo baziwa kuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa phesheya. Ngomnye wabo bantu ziquka Alexander Nevsky, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, obizwa ngokuba "ungcwele" kunye "mkhulu". ezingcwele kwakhe nguye ngamandla ngokungummangaliso, kunye nolwazi malunga ngazo Bagciniwe yeziKronike ezahlukeneyo ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine. Eminye imithombo lubonise ukuba ngomhla wesibini emva komngcwabo yenkulu kubantu bakhe ingcwaba bafumana unyango izigulo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, lo udaba ezithandwayo phambi Ukumiselwa ngokusesikweni Prince wathi kuye njengengcwele.

Izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo yenye zonqulo Russian uxabisekileyo. Inqaku lethu anikezelwe lo mntu mkhulu kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ukugcina eRashiya ukusuka bahlaseli. Kwakhona ukuphendula imibuzo malunga inqaku engundoqo, apho izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo zibe ngamaxesha ezahlukeneyo ixesha, kwaye wazi ukuba benza exabiseke kakhulu iintliziyo amaKristu Orthodox.

abonakale Historical Aleksandra Nevskogo

Ngelishwa, asinguye wonke umfundi uyakwazi kukuxelela ukuba yenziwa ukuba Grand Duke eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba baqale ibali malunga amandla Aleksandra Nevskogo, kufuneka ubuncinane ngokufutshane Unalungelo ubuhle bayo phambi kwabona.

Ngokutsho yeziKronike, lo umthetheleli elizayo yaseRashiya wazalwa ngomnyaka wamashumi amabini ka kwinkulungwane weshumi elinesithathu. esengumntwana yaqhutywa Pereslavl, Alexander babesele kuvuthwa Novgorod, eyayithunyelwe ebukumkanini bukayise, nto leyo sikhatshwe umfana onke amaphulo yasemkhosini. Elo yaba lixesha elinzima Russia - kwelinye icala wayitshisa ngemizana wasithimba isixeko Mongol mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kwelinye ukuya imida karhulumente ngenyakanyaka yomkhosi Swedish. Ukuze akhusele ezweni lawo kubahlaseli amazwe i-Alexander oselula.

Ehlotyeni elinye eziliwaka elinamakhulu amabini ngonyaka wamashumi omane waphumelela uloyiso okuqaqambileyo phezu balwa kwi Neva River, apho wafumana igama lakhe phantsi kwimbali Ababehamba. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini imida yasentshona imo yokulwa bungwanyalala, kunye yesihlanu e-Epreli 1242 uAleksandr Nevsky wakwazi ukuba ndimaphule leTeutonic Knights kwi Lake Peipus. Olu loyiso ekugqibeleni balwa abasweleyo banethemba ukufaka ilizwe Russian, kunye negama abaselula Prince Alexander baba saziwa kude ngaphaya eRashiya.

Ke kaloku, phambi kwayo kwakukho enye injongo - ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka empumalanga, yaye uyavuma ukuba basebenzisane kunye Mongols. Yiyo lo msebenzi umphathi waya kuyise anayo.

Ziye zaphawula ukuba Alexander Nevsky waba perspicacious kakhulu. Wakwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano Khan Batu ihlabathi, yaye wabonakala kwicala yakhe Mongolia. Kwi Ubudlelwane phakathi Khan nesikhulu Russian ke yayaziwa yeembali ukukhankanya ukuba badla ngokuba abazalwana. Aleksandru Nevskomu wakwazi ukuba beyiseke Batu amkele ubuKristu, nto leyo eye yomeleza ngakumbi ulwalamano lwabo bonke izivumelwano phakathi kwabalawuli ababini. Izicwangciso benganga yaba yokuhlanganisa kumazwe Russian kunye Tatar phantsi kwegunya enamandla, ukuze ukuthintela naziphi na izisongelo evela entshona nasempuma. Kodwa la maphupha zange kube njalo.

Weshumi elinesine ngoNovemba 1263, bebuyile barn, umthetheli wagula waza wafa nesantya. Kwidolophu ekufutshane, apho kwenzeka ukuba umzimba, waba Vladimir. Apha kwaye baya zokuzila igqiza. Noko ke, emva kokufa umxhasi enkulu Russia wakwazi kusimangalise izifundo zakhe, kunye neenkokeli zecawa.

Imimangaliso, a saint emva kokufa Alexander

Ukuze ufumane uVladimir kwaye kungcwaba uthuthu benganga ungasekhoyo, yomdlalo bathabatha iintsuku ezisithoba, kwaye apha waqalisa ukusebenza imiqondiso, ebe yindawo yokuza- Ukumiselwa elizayo Aleksandra Nevskogo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwiintsuku zokuqala ezisithoba, umzimba ukuqala ukuba ukubola. Yokungcwaba kwenzeka ngoNovemba 23 umzi weemonki Vladimir ngeKrismesi. Ngexesha lenkqubo, Metropolitan KIRILL waya Ukukhulula iminwe kwenene, ukuze utyalo kwincwadi zabo. Ke eyoyikekayo bonke abo bakhoyo Alexander ngokwakhe wabesa izandla zakhe ukuba kufundiswe ngokomoya yaye ngoko nangoko wathabatha iphepha. Abefundisi owakuxelayo oko ngummangaliso size kukuzukiswa kaThixo.

Nje iiveki ezimbalwa kuzigoba na nothuthu Prince abantu abaqhelekileyo baqala ukufika, abaninzi kubo wathandaza wempiliso safumana impendulo ngokohlobo impilo esimfumene kutsha nje. Ukuva ngemimangaliso, izinto ezenzekayo loonongendi leKrismesi, saa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke Russia.

Ukuchaza ze izinto ezingcwele St. Alexander

Ngaphezu kweminyaka elikhulu, abantu beza kubona ingcwaba umxhasi yelizwe Russian, kwaye xa elinye lendela waba nombono imfuneko lokuvula yokungcwaba le yenene. Xa umkhosi omkhulu ingcwaba livuliwe emkhenkceni manga - ukuhlanganiswa livela umzimba engenakonakala - izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo. Oku ubungqina obungaphezulu imimangaliso isikhulu engcwele. Bona waphakama emhlabeni, wayibeka phezu umhlaza (ityeya okanye ibhokisi), apho wahlala de izinto ezingcwele kweyeshumi elinesibhozo. Alexander Nevsky laye lamiselwa yiCawa kuphela 1547, leyo, Noko ke, akuzange kumthintele abantu ukuba baphathe umthetheli-obungqongqo njengengcwele, owathi wanikela ngobomi bakhe bonke ukuziphendulela zelakowabo.

Imfihlakalo ezingcwele ezingcwele

mbali abaninzi abanomdla kakhulu kulo mbuzo, elibamba izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo namhlanje. Ngapha koko, loo nto kuloo mpikiswano kuluntu lwezenzululwazi malunga ukulahleka izinto emva kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu.

Isibakala sokuba abagxeki ezininzi ukhankanye iinkcukacha eziqulathwe neerekhodi kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Baveza ukuba ngexesha komlilo Meyi ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu emva kwexesha, watshisa phantse yonke woonongendi iKrismesi, kunye nayo ibe luthuthu kunye ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kodwa yeembali ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, esi siganeko ichazwa ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Umbhali apha walatha into yokuba, kuthiwa, lendela ngamehlo abo babona iholo apho izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo, umlilo basindiswa ngokungummangaliso. Kwaye ke esenjalo kuphela woonongendi leKrismesi.

Kakade ke, kunzima ukuchaza ukuba uphi eli bali liyinyaniso. Omnye uye kuphela bathembele yokuba amandla wahlala phambi nasemva umlilo, yaye ngaloo ndlela endaweni kubo, akukho muntu. Le ubuqhinga obuthile kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ushiye akazubhaqwa, ukuze izikhulu zebandla uqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba ezi esele Aleksandra Nevskogo zigcinwe ngaphakathi etempileni, nilishiye libe kuphela izihlandlo ezinqabileyo, xa ehamba ngesithuthi ukuya kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, icawa, iicawa ilizwe lethu kunye namazwe angabamelwane, ukuze kuqiniswe umhlambi elukholweni.

Noko ke, ukususela amaxesha ngamaxesha eendaba kwabaneka umxholo ukuba kwi-inventri, yomhla we kunyaka 1922, kubonisiweyo ukuba kukho reliquary zesilivere yaba lishumi kuphela iingceba amathambo ukakayi ngaphandle. Ngaba kanye amazwi, akukho bani uwaziyo, ngokuba ukusombulula imfihlelo ezingcwele namhlanje, akekho. Imbali lidla ukushiya imibuzo emininzi engaphendulekiyo.

St. Petersburg kunye St. Alexander Nevsky

Ukuba ubuza nawuphi na umhlali kwikomkhulu emantla, apho izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo e St. Petersburg, ngoko, qiniseka, ukwazi ukuphendula ezininzi. Kodwa yintoni sibophelela umthetheli-uyazidela yaye lo mzi Petra? Yinto elula - saint kubhekwa umxhasi wakhe, yaye waba negalelo koku, Kakade ke, lo nguzwilakhe, lowo wazala isixeko esitsha Russian phakathi Enkulu Northern War. Kuyinto ngenxa umlawuli apha lwakwakhiwa ibandla Alexander Nevsky, leyo wathabatha amandla kuyo endaweni uzuko.

Meaning zintathu Ongcwele Alexander Nevsky Laura e SPb

Peter I Yayingumphathi olumkileyo, kunye nezenzo zakhe zonke ababephila kunye nenzala babebizwa phambili-iingcinga, kwaye ngoko ke izinto ezingcwele ukuba unomdla nje. Kodwa sonke ukuze.

Ngowe-1710 lo kumkani wacinga malunga nokwakhiwa kwetempile wokuwonga elaa Njengomkhuseli enkulu belizwe Russian esitheni amazwe. Khumbula ukuba ngelo xesha iminyaka emininzi, uPetros I ilwa kunye balwa, yaye abantu kwakufuneka umqondiso owawuza iphefumlelwe kwaye bakhuthaze abantu ngaphandle kokukhetha. Inani of Aleksandra Nevskogo yeyona ifanele le ndima, kuba yena, naye, akhusela eRashiya ukusuka amaJamani kwaye balwa. Kuba indlu * uKhesare wakhetha kwidolophu Victoria. Yezizathu kulapho inkosana engcwele woyisa umkhosi edibeneyo yokumkani Swedish. Kodwa kamva kwavela ukuba la mazwe kwenye uloyiso Aleksandra Nevskogo - Birger Jarl ngo-1240.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, inkosana waba nje luphawu invincibility ngumoya Russian, kodwa umxhasi St. Petersburg, elaba kwinkampu kumazwe Russian entshona. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, entwasahlobo ka-1723 umlawuli wayalela ukuba woonongendi obuqwalaselwe-nezakhiwe batshintshelwa amandla Aleksandra Nevskogo. E St. Petersburg, kuba isiganeko kulungiselelwe yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye sinexhala. Emva wakhokela inkqubo elukhuni uPetros Mna, kwaye, njengokuba sisazi, akukho ukuxolela iimpazamo kunye miscalculations kwizifundo zakhe.

Translation of the izinto Aleksandra Nevskogo: Ukulungiselela isiganeko

Ukuze sokutshintshela izinto ezingcwele iimbeko ezipheleleyo ukusuka Vladimir eSt Petersburg, kwakufuneka ngumhlaza, oko kwakuya kwixesha lolayisho, loo ndawo yonqulo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, omnye Zarudny wakhethwa ukuba nomakhi wayo eMoscow. Umhlaza ngumsebenzi wokwenene art:

• imilenze asibhozo ngohlobo ngamathupha azo wengonyama;
• imilenze sabeka umfanekiso kweekerubhi;
• inshorensi umkhombe zinokuhonjiswa iingalo kwisikhulu;
• umhlaza wabangela umfanekiso iintloko weengonyama '- luphawu adumileyo ngokuvuka kwabafileyo;
• bayitwabulula iseyilana isakhiwo kwisiza enamandla;
• I Bambeka ke kukho isinyuko esisekweni isikrweqe segolide.

Ukuze akhuphele inkqubo wahamba kakuhle, ngehlobo lowe-1723 liqulunqe sisithethe esikhethekileyo, nto leyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• yabhalwa ukutenxa kwindlela kulo balelwa ngokungqongqo;
• yonke indlela xa mkhombe wawuza kuba njengabathenjwa Peter I;
• umhlaza Land-based kufuneka ziye kuthwalwa ngabantu ngokubuyisela omnye kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo;
• kwindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu mission wandixelela ukuba udlulisela ityeya abefundisi.

Ukusuka amandla Novgorod ezicwangciselwe ukuba amanzi ukuya eSt Petersburg, apho baza kuba wadibana * uKhesare ngokwakhe.

Alexander Nevsky (ePrince), igunya-transfer eSt Petersburg

Umhla lokutshintshela izinto wakhethwa kuPetros nje kwenzeka, ngo-1724 yanikwa iSivumelwano kudala lilindelwe of Nystad, yaye esi siganeko festive kwaphawula yokumisela amisiweyo Emnye Holy Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

NgoJulayi, izinto ezingcwele washiya weemonki IKrismesi waqalisa uhambo lwabo ukuya ikhaya elitsha kwikomkhulu emantla. Baya kumkhawulela uPetros mna buqu wabanikela ukuya emkhombeni. Ngasechwebeni lomlambo Izhora , ngaphakathi kwindlela esinxiba ngokupheleleyo, kwaye imikhosi kumsitho kokukhutshelwa izinto ezingcwele iSt Prince waqhubeka eSt Petersburg iintsuku ezintathu. Ngaxeshanye, umlawuli wayalela ziyibonge Agasti 30 njengoko yiholide Orthodox yonqulo waphuma ukuseka umyalelo wokuwonga Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kodwa ayikho kwexesha, kodwa iphupha uPetros I wathobela kunye nomfazi wakhe, wakhupha umthetho phezu ukusekwa ibhaso elitsha likarhulumente.

Bayahlelwa izinto benganga-obungqongqo ukusuka elinesibhozo emva kwexesha eminyaka okuqala amabini

Izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo Lavra baba ukuya kumashumi amabini zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umkhombe indawo ngumhlaza zesilivere. Mna ke wayalela intombi ka-Peter I - Elizabeth. Izinto wakhonza njengoko ore ukusuka Kolyvansky endle, yaba isilivere wokuqala kweli lizwe. Umhlaza ihonjiswe kunye BAS-imikrolo, yaye phezu Kubhalwa wabeka umfanekiso atlasi amanene.

Iintsuku ezikhethekileyo ezingcwele phezu izinto ezingcwele yamiswa isibane, ihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo. abalawuli abaninzi Russian ingqalelo ngayo umsebenzi wabo ukuze benze igalelo elikhulu umhombiso ityeya zingcwele. Phantse wonke inikelwe woonongendi into ekhethekileyo, ebonisa ukubaluleka umxhasi ongcwele St. Petersburg, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa sixeko kodwa lonke elo lizwe.

Ngowe-1922, loo ndawo yonqulo yaye yasuswa woonongendi ngokomyalelo Petrograd iKomiti yeSithili kunye nomhlaza yaba imyuziyam le Hermitage mboniso. Phantse iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe akukho namnye waba nomdla kweli lizwe, apho izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo na.

A buyela iingcambu zakhe

Ngowe-1989, engcweleni obuyileyo zisabonakala. Washukumisa kwindawo yayo yoqobo ukusuka Kazan Museum of Religion and UThixo Akakho. Yaba iholide gqitha baseRashiya Orthodox, ngubani na bengcangcazela imvula elinde lo mzuzu iminyaka.

Emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo amandla waphinda washiya zintathu Ongcwele Alexander Nevsky Lavra, kodwa eli xesha sihlandlo isiganeko eyonwabileyo - umhlaza ibiqhutywa izixeko ezininzi elikhulu ilizwe lethu kunye Latvia. Nkqu iqhekeza izinto ezingcwele wathunyelwa eBulgaria.

beza iicawa Orthodox uVladimir, Pskov, Novgorod kunye nezinye izixeko kulo lonke eRashiya. Wonke umntu wayefuna ubuncinane touch kancinane, loo ndawo yonqulo ubuze saint Aleksandra Nevskogo on into. imimangaliso Ngapha koko, amandla sisenza kungqina ukuba aphilise ukusuka izigulo amakholwa ezinzulu.

Izinto ezingcwele St. Prince namhlanje

Apho izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo e St. Petersburg, kukho namhlanje? Lo mbuzo uya kuphendula nayiphi sendawo, ngenxa yokuba kude kube ngoku mzi imini kokukhutshelwa izinto ezingcwele Vladimir kwikomkhulu emantla. Eli siko weza phantse nangoko emva yiSoviet Union iwa, kwaye ngokonqulo zonke Orthodox kwaye nkqu abemi abaqhelekileyo ngonyaka.

Ufuna ukwazi apho izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo zigcinwe kumhla wethu? Emva koko uye ngqo zintathu Ongcwele Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Kunika umdla ukuba isiciko kwetyeya indawo nokuba asixhenxe-ezilithoba izinto ezingcwele kwezinye abangcwele. Ngoko ke, eza woonongendi, ubona nje kuphela oyidingayo ezinqwenelekayo Orthodox, kodwa ukuba angamchukumisi ezinye zonqulo ebandleni. Abantu abaninzi bathi ukuba umntu ufikile apha ngokholo, qiniseka ukuba bathethe Aleksandra Nevskogo zizenzo ezilungileyo.