Amaminerali kunye neempahla zabo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamaminerali

Kukho iintlobo zemvelo ezibalulekileyo kubantu. Ezi zibonelelo ezinokungazinzi kwaye kufuneka zinyamekele. Ngaphandle kokuphuhliswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwabo, ezininzi iinkalo zobomi babantu ziza kuba nzima kakhulu.

Amaminerali kunye neepropati zawo yinto kunye nesifundo sokufunda i-geology yemigodi. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe yiyo zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo ekusebenziseni nasekuveliseni izinto ezininzi.

Amaminerali kunye neempahla zabo

Yintoni ababiza ngokuba yimithombo yamaminerali? Ezi zizakhiwo okanye izakhiwo zamaminerali ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini.

Ukuhluka kwabo kukuhle, ngoko ke iipropati nganye zezilwanyana zizodwa. Uluhlu oluthile lwezinto eziphambili zeziqendu zezinto ezicatshangelwayo kwindalo zingabonakaliswa:

• Iiplanga;
• Iibhloko;
• Imifuno;
• Amasheya;
• Jacks.

Ukuba sithetha malunga nokusabalaliswa kwezinto ezikhoyo, ngoko siyakwazi ukwahlula:

• KwiPhondo;
• IiNdawo;
• Amachibi okubhukuda;
• Iifosti.

Amaminerali kunye neepropati zabo zixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Yilokho enquma ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngabantu, kwakunye nendlela yokucima kunye nokucubungula.

Zinhlobo zamaminerali

Akukho luhlu olulodwa lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba isiseko semimiselo yombutho ohlangeneyo, ngoko ukwahlula iintlobo ezinjalo.

1. Iminerali iqinile. Imizekelo: i-marble, ityuwa, i-granite, i-ore yensimbi, engekho isinyithi.
2. Ubutywala - amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye neoli.
3. I-gesi yendalo, i-helium.

Ukuba, ngesiseko soluhlu lwezilwanyana, ukusetyenziswa kwamaminerali, ngoko udidi luthatha ifom elandelayo.

1. Ezinokutsha. Imizekelo: ioli, i-oli shale, amalahle, imethane nabanye.
2. I-Ore okanye i-igneous. Imizekelo: zonke izinto ezenziwe nge-ore zetekisi, kunye ne-asbestos kunye negraphite.
3. Nonmetallic. Imizekelo: zonke izinto ezivelisiweyo ezingenayo isinyithi (udongwe, isanti, isiqu, i-gravel, njl njl), kunye neetyudi ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ibala lemibala. Iimpawu: ezixabisekileyo nezingenasiphelo, kunye namatye anqabileyo (idayimani, iisafire, i-rubies, i-emeralds, i-jasper, i-chalcedony, i-opal, i-carnelian kunye nabanye).

Ngokutsho kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kucacile ukuba izityeli kunye neempahla zazo ziphela hlabathi elifundiswa yinkalo enkulu yezobuchwephesha kunye nabavukuzi.

Amasimu aphezulu

Imithombo yamaminerari eyahlukeneyo (amaminerali) isasazwa ngeeplanethi ngokulinganayo ngokwemiqathango ye-geological. Emva kwakho konke, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabo yenziwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhulumi kunye nokuqhuma kwe-tectonic. Unokuthiwa ngamazwe amaningana amakhulu, awona awona maqhosha kakhulu phantse zonke iintlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ezi zi:

• EMntla naseMzantsi Melika.
• Eurasia.
• Afrika.

Wonke amazwe ahlala kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo, asebenzise kakhulu amaminerali kunye neepropati zawo. Kwiindawo ezifanayo apho kungekho zinto eziluhlaza, kukho ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunzima, ukuba kunzima ukucacisa isicwangciso-jikelele solawulo lweemigodi. Konke kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ezinye zezona zixabisa kakhulu zixabisekileyo (eziqukethe izitye ezintle) ezimbiwa. I-Gold, umzekelo, yindawo yonke ngaphandle kweYurophu (ezivela kwiizwekazi ezikhankanywe ngasentla kunye ne-Australia). Kuxabiseke kakhulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwayo ngenye yezinto eziqhelekileyo kwiimigodi.

Izona zityebi kwizinto eziphathekayo zi-Eurasia. Amaminerali amaminerali (i-talc, i-barite, i-kaolin, i-calestone, i-quartzite, i-apatite, ityuwa) isasazwa phantse kuwo onke amaninzi.

Ukukhutshwa kwamaminerali

Ukuze kukhishwe kwaye kulungiselelwe izinto zokusetyenziswa kwamaminerali okusetyenziswa, iindlela ezahlukeneyo ziyasetyenziswa.

1. Indlela evulekile. Izinto eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo zikhishwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiikherishi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kukhokelela ekubunjweni kwemifula emikhulu, ngoko ayikuthi ikhusele imvelo.
2. Indlela yam yeyona ndlela ichanekile, kodwa iyabiza.
3. Indlela yomthombo wokupompa ioli.
4. Indlela yokuhlamba.
5. Izindlela ze-Geotechnology zokuchithwa kwempahla.

Ukuphuhliswa kwemali yamaminerali kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwaye kuyimfuneko, kodwa ibangela ukuba kube nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Emva koko, izixhobo ziphelile. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yamuva, ugxininiso olukhethekileyo alufaki kwizinto ezininzi zokukhutshwa kwemithombo yamaminerali, kodwa ekusebenziseni kwabo okuchanekileyo nangokweqile ngumntu.

I-Ore (ingagxeki)

Eli qela liquka okubaluleke nakakhulu ngokuchithwa kwamaminerali. I-Ore yenziwe yendalo yamaminerari apho isinyithi esithile (enye inxalenye) iqulethwe ngobuninzi.

Iindawo zokukhutshwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwezixhobo ezimbiweyo zibizwa ngokuba yimigodi. Ukuchonga amatye angahlaziyiweyo angahlukana ngamaqela amane:

• Zinyithi ;
• Bemibala;
• Mhle;
• Izinto ezingezantsi zetsimbi.

Nayi imimiselo yeemveliso zamaminerari.

1. I-Manganese ore.
2. Intsimbi.
3. Nickel.
4. EArgentina.
5. Cassiterite.
6. Beryl.
7. Kuzalwa.
8. IChalcopyrite.
9. Uraninite.
10. Asbestos.
11. IGraphite nabanye.

Igolide - ifowuni

Kukho amaminerali akhethekileyo phakathi kweemigodi zeemayini. Igolide, umzekelo. Ixhoba lakhe lalifanelekileyo kumaxesha amandulo, kuba bekuhlala kuxabiseke kakhulu ngabantu. Namhlanje, igolide igxothwa kwaye ihlanjululwe phantse kuwo onke amazwe, kwintsimi apho kukho iincwadana ezincinci.

Kwizinto zendalo, igolide ifumaneka ngefomathi yezilwanyana. Ingot enkulu kunaye yafunyanwa e-Australia kunye nobunzima obunokuba ngu-70 kg ungqimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuhamba kwemozithi kunye nokukhushulwa kwawo, iiflethi zenziwa ngohlobo lweesanti zehlabathi.

Kusuka kumxube enjalo ichithwa ngokuhlamba kunye ne-sieving. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zinto azixhaphakanga kwaye zininzi kwiiminerali zemixholo. Ngenxa yoko iGolide kuthiwa yintsimbi exabisekileyo neyintsika.

Amaziko okumba iimayini kule mali yile:

• IRashiya.
• Canada.
• EMzantsi Afrika.
• EOstreliya.

IiFossil

Eli qela libandakanya ezo zixhobo zeemaminerali njenge:

• Amalahle aseBrown ;
• Ioli;
• Igesi (i-methan, i-helium);
• Amalahle omlilo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezimbiwa zolu hlobo kukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zokufumana iimveliso zamakhemikhali kunye nezinto.

Amalahle - le yintsile ehlala kwindawo encinane yobuninzi bomhlaba. Ubungakanani balo buncinci kwintsimi ethile. Ngako oko, xa bephelile elinye idama, abantu badlulela kwelinye. Ngokubanzi, amalahle aqule kwi-97% yekhabhoni kwifom ecocekileyo. Kwakhiwa ngokusemthethweni, ngenxa yokufa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezityalo eziphilayo zezityalo. Ezi nkqubo zadlulela kwizigidi zeminyaka, ngoko ngoku iindawo zokugcina amalahle ziyimali enkulu kuyo yonke iplanethi.

I-oyile ibizwa ngokuba yigolide egocekileyo, ecacisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani imithombo yamaminerali. Emva koko, oku kungumthombo oyintloko wamanzi aphezulu anokutsha, kwakunye nezixhobo zayo ezihlukeneyo-isiseko, izinto ezibonakalayo zokuveliswa kweekhemikhali. Iinkokeli zokuvelisa ioli zifana namazwe afana:

• IRashiya.
• EU.SA.
• A lgeria;
• EMexico.
• Indonesia.
• IVenezuela.
• Libya.

Igesi yendalo, umxube we-hydrocarbons gaseous, nayo ibaluleke kakhulu kumbane oshishino. Ukubhekisela kwizinto ezincinci ezisetyenziswayo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswe ngokukodwa. Amazwe aphesheya yiRashiya ne-Saudi Arabia.

Iintlobo ezingezantsi zetsimbi okanye ezingekho zombini

Eli qela liquka amaminerali kunye namatye njengoko:

• Ulayini;
• Chalk;
• Sandla;
• Amacwecwe;
• Gravel;
• Ilitye elichotshoziweyo;
• Talc;
• Kaolin;
• I-Barite;
• IGraphite;
• IDayim;
• Quartz;
• Apatites;
• Phosphorite nabanye.

Zonke iintlobo zinokudibaniswa ngamaqela amaninzi ngokwemida yokusetyenziswa.

1. Amaminerali kunye nemigodi yamachiza.
2. Izinto zokurhweba zeMetallurgical.
3. Iikristal zobuchwepheshe.
4. Izinto zokwakha.

Kuye iqela elifanayo lidla ngokubaluleka kunye nama-fossils kamnesamotsvetnye. Imimandla yokusetyenziswa kwamaminerali yendalo engeyiyo yombumba iyininzi kwaye ikhulu. Olu lulimo (isichumisi), ukwakhiwa (izinto), ukwenza iilazi, ubucwebe, iteknoloji, ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali jikelele, ukuveliswa kwepeyinti njalo njalo.