ABP scheme. ATS (oluzenzekelayo reserve input) Umvelisi

Kwimo lwamandla eziqhelekileyo, inkampani amandla amandla esinikezelweyo kwaziswa kwindawo ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Xa mthombo uphambili kuyo uyayeka ukusebenza, amandla igalelo womnatha yesibini okanye generator yokulinda kufuneka ingasetyenziswa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo anikwe umthwalo, leyo umzobo ATS (transfer ezenzekelayo). msebenzi yalo esentloko kukuba nokunikezelwa amandla ukusuka igridi ukuya yogcino supply amandla.

isigaba III-sesithathu unikezelo lwamandla uyoma

Njengoko yaziwa, iinkampani eluncedo ukwabelana bonke abathengi babo, oko kukuthi. E. Abo bantu (zomthetho kunye ngokwasemzimbeni), lowo bengenela izivumelwano zobonelelo lombane ngokweendidi ezintathu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kukuthembeka ubonelelo ngombane. Ukuthembeka liphantsi kudidi lwesithathu. abathengi lwamandla ukunika olunye ontlantlu-ntathu igalelo ombane kuphela 6 okanye 10 kV (ngamanye amaxesha 400) okanye ezi-igalelo 230 ukusuka kwenye ubonelelo yesitishana, kodwa iindleko uqhagamshelwano lomthwalo kwi-network ukulungiselela olu didi ubuncinane - ufake nje elula olunye-sombane sezitishana iphakheji sombane senginginya nodibaniso ku elikufutshane transmission line phezulu.

Ingaba Kufuneka III-rd udidi ABP scheme?

PUE lixhomekeke ngamandla kwenkqubo enjalo, ukuba umbane isiqinisekiso ukuchacha emva utshayisa ukuba akukho ngaphezulu ngemini. Kwaye ukuba akunjalo? Emva koko nuzhet unikezelo mbane lesibini, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuphuma ipetroli okanye idizili-unit generator. Ngemihla yakudala, abathengi ngesandla ukuqhagamshela imithwalo yabo kubo ngokusesikweni nabo emsebenzini. Kodwa njengokuba lo matshini ezi mveliso owasungula ukukwazi ukwenza kwaqala ngaphandle koncedo lomntu.

Kwaye ukuba ungakwazi ukuqala i idizili wenkunkuma ngokuzenzekelayo, kanye njengoko kunokwenzeka kwaye uqhagamshele kwi umthwalo yabathengi. Kwaye owasungula ingqiqo mihla dvuhvvodnogo ABP, busebenze apho, ngezantsi, sele lijongise umgangatho indlu umbane zabucala.

-II nd didi: Ngaba kwakudingeka ABP

Ukuba umxhasi uyala ukuba womnatha ezimbini igalelo amandla, lingena sele kudidi elilandelayo - owesibini. Kulo mzekelo, i-eneji idla ukuba abathengi ukuba ukuhlawulela ukwakhiwa transformer-ezimbini sikagesi. In lwalo elula iquka amacandelo amabini ibhasi (lo-aluminiyam nje okanye, kwi kakuhle, iziqwengana zobhedu) ombane aphezulu kunye nokucima yayo ephambili, ngasinye leyo omnye bushings eziphakamileyo-ombane (6 okanye 10 kV) iqhotyoshelwe apha kuphela. Phakathi kwamacandelo ilahlwe njalo kuxokwa shintsha yecandelo. Ukuba ivuliwe, igalelo aphezulu ombane ukuze ngamnye ukondla sombane enye kuphela (ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzi omnye kuphela kwaba bobabini, okwesibini kulo reserve - kwaye kwakhona yimfuneko obabuthandwa Power). Ngexesha kokulungisa amandla kwesinye amagalelo, umsebenzisi wombane nga ngesandla ukuba icandelo iswitshi kwaye asebenzise umthwalo sombane osoloko esebenza nabanye igalelo eliphezulu-ombane.

bathengi, enyanisweni, musa mfuneko phambi ATS. Noko ke, kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, ngokufuthi amandla belunika ukufaka kubo sezitishana sombane-ezimbini eqhelekileyo kwicala ombane aphantsi. Loo ikhaka ABP na igalelo ezimbini ukusuka engathi ombane aphantsi abaguquli abohlukeneyo (zombini kufuneka longezwe amandla, kodwa kwixesha lolayisho nangaliphi na ixesha elinye kuphela kwabo), kwaye imveliso ombane ibhasi eliphantsi abaqhagamshelwe yonke imithwalo.

I-st udidi - ATS efunekayo

Kodwa ukuba umboleki akanelisekanga, umgaqo, ixesha yokulibaziseka utshintshe nje lwencwadi enoncedo ye amagalelo, ngoko umelwe ukusebenzisa ngokuyimfuneko ATS uze udlulele kwicandelo elilandelayo umbane ukuthembeka - kuqala. In lwalo kwecacileyo, umzobo oganogram i-ATS elakhiwa amangeniso amabini amacandelo amabini efanayo sezitishana eziphakamileyo-ombane, iibhasi kunye necandelo amandla ziguquka tshintshela (ngokuqhelekileyo cleaner). Ukuba ombane unikezelo liyalahleka phezu igalelo, oko likhubaza ukuzitshintshela ezingundoqo kwaye ibandakanya yecandelo. Emva koko, lo ombane odityanisiweyo ibhasi zinikwe igalelo yesibini. ABP input ezimbini kule kunokwenzeka kuyilwa kwi sezitishana ephantsi ombane, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.

Kodwa abathengi kudidi I-tsh PUE ichonga amaqela ezikhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba apho amagalelo ezimbini network ayikho namandla ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka igalelo reserve wesithathu eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo yi diesel generator. Kulo mzekelo, i-ATS kudinga 3 igalelo. Scheme ngayo olwenziwa ombane aphantsi.

wenza njani unit ATS kunye input generator

Kutsha nje gqi kwimarike eninzi lwezixhobo yogcino oluzenzekelayo Controller control isilawuli. ithandwa kakhulu kule nkalo ixhamla nabaqondisi relay upravlyuschie imveliso inkampani Series Easy Moeller kaThixo. Ukuhlalutya imiyalezo ombane zokuva, le microcontroller ibhaqa kwacima umbane kwaye abakhwetha inkqubo lokuqala injini wenkunkuma (idla yolunye). Kamsinya nje sifika ombane rated kwaye rhoqo kwenkqubo yolawulo sokuyivula nasemthwalweni wakhe umthengi. Ngokwembono ATS uqhagamshelwano yombane kunye noxanduva imithwalo enzima kuyinto ingxaki kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo, ekubeni ukulibaziseka ixesha kukho ukungavisisani, kunye nezinye iingxaki zobuchwepheshe bacinezele lwephanyazo ukufumana backup amandla.

Ukulawulwa frequency kunye ombane

Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo isixhobo ATS kukuba ukubona yidrophu ombane okanye Ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo mthombo amandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bonke iliso mbane isigaba ecaleni i relay undervoltage (relay ulawulo isigaba). Ukungaphumeleli point limiselwa kulahlo ombane ngezantsi kwinqanaba ubuncinane kuzo naziphi na izigaba. Ulwazi malunga ombane kunye rhoqo luyasuka kwiqela lenjongo ATS, nto leyo ichaza ithuba lokuqhubekeka ubonelelo imithwalo. Le ombane avumelekile minimum kunye rhoqo kufuneka kunyanzeleka ukuba zoyiswe phambi nokutshintsha imithwalo sisebenzisa yogcino wenkunkuma, amandla apho kufuneka anikezele kuyo.

The basic ukulibaziseka kwexesha

ABP scheme ngokubanzi unalo ithuba banzi ukunyenyisa kusilelo impendulo yayo ixesha. Lo ngumsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukuze ithuba lokukhululeka kokuqhawulwa ngokungenabulungisa lo mthombo namandla ngethuba elifutshane ukwaphulwa bakhe. Ukulibaziseka kwexesha kakhulu ngaphezulu naluphi na uhambo olufutshane ukuze kubangela ukuqalisa ngokungeyomfuneko ukuqhuba Motors neejenereyitha nokutshintsha imithwalo phezu kwabo. Le singaphezu kuluhlu kwisekhondi-0 ukuya ku-6, omnye yesibini yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Kufuneka ibe mfutshane kodwa wanele ukudibanisa inkxaso umthombo wamandla imithwalo kwabathengi. Iinkampani abaninzi namhlanje bathenga izinto amandla uninterruptible enamandla bhetri yokugcina, ngokubonelela uqhagamshelo asebenza ngaphantsi.

ukulibaziseka ezongezelelweyo

Emva wokubuyisela ubonelelo engundoqo, ezinye Ukulibaziseka kwexesha kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo eyaneleyo abayithweleyo uyikhubazise esandleni yogcino. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko isusela ukusuka imizuzu kwiqanda ukuya kumashumi amathathu. ATS generator ukuba uzakufun aukugqithisa ngokuzenzekelayo ixesha yokulibaziseka ukubuyela vimba, ukuba backup akaphumeleli, yaye engundoqo ukusebenza kwakhona ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukulibaziseka kwexesha zixhaphakileyo wesithathu kuquka ixesha lungapholi injini. Kwinkqubo yakhe phezu ulawulo diesel-generator elilawula injini wazikhulula kude ime.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kungakuhle ngokubanzi ukutshintshela umthwalo wenkunkuma yokulinda, xa ifikelele kumanqanaba afanelekileyo ombane kunye rhoqo. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, abasebenzisi isiphelo ufuna sequence ukuba utshintshe nje zomthwalo ezahlukeneyo le generator yogcino. Xa kuyimfuneko, kwenziwa iinkqubo ukuba ATS generator osuswe kunye kokulibaziseka kwexesha ngamnye, ukwenzela ukuba umthwalo nga sidityaniswe kwi wenkunkuma kuwo nawuphi na umyalelo ofunekayo.

Ukwenza igalelo schemes izixhobo reserve

Isiphelo ngenxa udidi ingqalelo kwezixhobo na isenza i iziphaluka zombane, isenza i kuwo lokuqala ukuya igalelo yokulinda. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, izitishana zombane ABP scheme unako ukusebenza zozibini ombane ephakamileyo ngokuhla. Kwimeko yokuqala izinto zawo basha ayamiselwa iiswitshi aphezulu ombane. Kwimeko yesibini, yaye apho usuke of imithwalo kwi utshintshe nje generator zokufaka izixhobo aphantsi.

Ke kungaba yinxalenye izixhobo ikhaka (panel) ABP, okanye usenokuba noko lwangaphandle kwaye yinxalenye yesiphaluka umthwalo ugesi. Kwimeko yokuqala kuyenzeka ukusebenzisa actuators ngemagnethi - usebenza kumacebo ngenxa yokuphela komsebenzi kunye nabasebenzisi non-mveliso kwamandla imithwalo ukuya amashumi ezininzi kW. Wobungakanani aphezulu usebenzisa ATS on contactors. isixhobo wesakhiwo efanayo kuzo zombini ezi meko zokuqhuba.

Aphantsi-izixhobo igalelo lwangaphandle busebenze ke amaza yesekethe amandla lwendalo kunye actuators kagesi. Ipropati Amanqaku isixhobo AVR lincitshiswe kulo mzekelo ekubeni kusekwe kwaye kuzikhupha libanike akulungile ku iimpawu / vala.

UMbane oQhelekileyo unit AVR 3 igalelo. Umphathi wesekethe nokusebenza algorithm

Kujongwe ukuba kuphunyezwe imithwalo ukubonelelwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye ombane ukusuka 0.4 kV ezintathu imithombo lwamandla: ababini kwisigaba ezintathu-mbane kunye kwisigaba ezintathu-diesel generator igalelo. Abasebenzi-ofisi lesigqeba ze-Q1, q2, kunye q3 nganye bushings akhusela zingumthwalo udidi 1 ubonelelo lwamandla nezithembekileyo.

I algorithm kwe block imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ngomhla ombane igalelo engundoqo apho. Ngoko q1 aze q2 q3 zivaliwe.

2. Ngomhla ombane iphambili igalelo akakho, kodwa yogcino na. Ngoko q2 aze q1 q3 zivaliwe.

3. Kwi amagalelo ezingundoqo yokulinda, akukho akhululeke. Ngoko q3 aze q1 q2 zivaliwe.