ABA unyango - ntoni na? ABA indlela therapy

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo ulungiso Autism isicelo indlela ngohlahlelo, okanye unyango ABA. Yintoni na? Makhe sijonge kweli nqaku.

Ukulungiswa yokuziphatha abantwana autistic kubaluleke kakhulu. umsebenzi wayo ophambili - ukunceda umntwana abaneziphene ezithile zophuhliso ukuqhelana okusingqongileyo kwaye uthabathe kuluntu ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi inxaxheba.

abantwana autistic - oobani noobani ke?

Kufuneka iqondwe ngokucacileyo ukuba abantwana autistic akukho ngcono kwaye kungekho na babenetyala ngaphezu kwabo abafana, zahluke nje. A isici esasenza Aba bantwana imbono, "self-ugxile", abanako ukufumana uqhagamshelwano nehlabathi ngaphandle.

Abazali Uqaphele bafumanisa ukuba abantwana babo - xa autistic wayeselapho encinane kakhulu. Ngelo xesha xa abantwana zesiqhelo ngcembe eqala ukubona umama (2 iinyanga), umntwana Autism akakukhathalele ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi ngaphandle. Nje kwenyanga emva kokuzalwa kosana ukhalela umama na isigqibo ngoko afuna: ukudlala, ukutya, yena kwakubanda, zimanzi, njalo-njalo. Xa umntwana spectrum ke akwenzeki, kumbulala, monotone ngokuqhelekileyo expressionless.

Kwiminyaka 1-2 kids autism wothi igama lokuqala, kodwa ke ukusetyenziswa kwazo akanalo naluphi na intsingiselo. Umntwana angathanda ukuba abe yedwa. Ukuhlala kwi ixesha ngaphandle umama okanye kwisizalwane esisondeleyo, uye wabonisa inkxalabo encinane.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko umntwana ubonisa akukho tinyiketela kubazali yaye ningafuni ukunxibelelana noontanga.

ezibangela ngqo komqathango akwenziwanga lusekiwe okwangoku. Izazinzulu zibonisa ukuba kukho zikarhulumente ezifana ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kuphuhliso kwengqondo, ukungaqheleki chromosomal, kwiDNA.

Nangona enombono wadala ukuba akukho mfuneko kids autistic zifuna ukuncokola, bafuna ukuba iqondwe, nje abazi ukuba yenziwa njani. Umsebenzi ngabazali ukunceda lo mntwana ukuze ukunxibelelana nehlabathi ngaphandle. ABA uthomalaliso ngokukuko Autism ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Yintoni indlela?

Yintoni eyenza kube umdla khethekileyo? ABA unyango - ntoni na? Oku kusekelwe kwiteknoloji zokuziphatha kunye neendlela ukuba zikwazi ukufunda ifuthe iimeko zokusingqongileyo kwi ukuziphatha autistic kwaye ukuyiguqula, oko ukwqhatha zinto. ABA indlela therapy inomnye igama - ukuziphatha ukulungiswa. Inkqubo mbono ABA kukuba sonke ukuziphatha ineziphumo, kwaye xa umntwana uthanda, uya phinda la manyathelo ukuba awuyithandi nto - ngeke.

Enika ukuziphatha ukulungiswa?

ABA therapy-Autism - kuba sisiseko ezininzi iinkqubo, ezilungiselelwe kwimpatho ukungaqheleki ebantwaneni. Ixabiso therapy zokuziphatha ingqinwa uphando olwenziweyokwakunye olwenziwe kwiminyaka engama-30.

Iincutshe nabazali, owasebenzisa ukuba ukusebenza kunye nabantwana inkqubo ezifana unyango ABA, shiya ncomo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ekuphuculeni izakhono zonxibelelwano;
• ukuziphatha eqhelekileyo encomekayo;
• kuphucula ikhono lokufunda.

Ukongeza, ngenxa kwinkqubo kunciphisa kakhulu imbonakalo ukungaqheleki zokuziphatha. Kwakhona wabonisa ukuba le khosi ngaphambili yaqala ABA therapy (ekukhethwa ukuba eneminyaka kokuya esikolweni), iziphumo ziya kuba buqapheleke.

Izazinzulu ziye iindlela ezahlukeneyo ulungiso ezinxaxhileyo, asetyenziswa kunyango ABA. Le ndlela isekelwe phezu kwemimiselo uhlalutyo yokuziphatha isicelo.

Zisebenza njani?

Ngale ndlela zonke izakhono ezintsonkothileyo kubantwana autistic, ezifana qha, intetho, umdlalo zobuchule, ubuchule ukuze akhangele amehlo, ukuphulaphula abanye yahlulwe eyahlukileyo ezincinane iiyunithi-amanyathelo kunye. Ngamnye kubo ke bafunda kunye nomntwana eyedwa. Ngenxa yoko, iibhloko adityaniswa kwisiphaluka enye eyenza umsebenzi esinye. specialist unyango Autism ngexesha lokufunda inkqubo intshukumo unika umntwana nokuphazamiseka autistic spectrum umsebenzi. Ukuba umntwana unako ukumelana nayo awukwazi, uqeqesho umnika icebiso, uze emva koko uyabavuza iimpendulo ezichanekileyo umntwana, lo gama iimpendulo engachanekanga alunanzwanga. Oku kusekelwe therapy ABA. Imfundo le ndlela iqulathe amanyathelo aliqela.

Inyathelo lokuqala: akuqali elula

Kungalandela iprogram yokunika umthambo i "ulwimi-ukuqonda." Yingcali unika umntwana umsebenzi othile okanye isivuseleli, umzekelo, wacela ukuba ukuphakamisa izandla zabo, emva koko anike thsuphe (uchola ngesandla umntwana) emva imivuzo baby ukuba impendulo echanekileyo. Ukuba wenza iinzame eziliqela edibeneyo, usana uzama ukwenza intshukumo ngaphandle yavuma. umntwana specialist kwakhona waphinda ibinzana enye, yaye kulindeleke ukuba impendulo self-echanekileyo. Ukuba itakane phendula ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle ngunina, ngoko ufumana umvuzo (ndibulele kuye, ukunika into elungileyo ukutya, ukuvumela umdlalo, njl njl). Ukuba impendulo echanekileyo umntwana ayiwenzi, umsebenzi iphindiwe kwakhona, esebenzisa incam. Ke kwakhona, itakane izama ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho. Ukuzilolonga zingama xa umntwana akukho imikhondo ukunika impendulo echanekileyo.

Xa 90% ye iimpendulo umsebenzi womntwana ingcali ezimeleyo zichanekile, sisithi thaca kwizivuseleli entsha, umzekelo, wacela ukuba unqwale intloko yakhe. Kubalulekile ukuba omsebenzi abahlukene. A umsebenzi omtsha azalisekise ngendlela efanayo.

Inyathelo lesibini: impahla okubambelela

Emva kokuba umntwana Iyakwazi umsebenzi yesibini - "unqwale intloko yakho" nzima umthambo. izenzo Wafunda mzuzu kwi random: "unqwale intloko yakho" - "phakamisa isandla sakho", "phakamisa isandla sakho" - "phakamisa isandla sakho" - "unqwale intloko yakho," njalo njalo. Izabelo zithathwa kakuhle xa 90% umntwana unika impendulo efanelekileyo kunye alternation loqheliso ezifundiweyo. Iskim inye yaziswa nokuzalisekisa uvuselelo wesithathu, njalo-njalo.

Isigaba sesithathu: thina iimeko kunye okubambelela

Kweli nqanaba, ezi zakhono ziye ngokubanzi. Xa umntwana sele efunde inani elaneleyo inkuthazo ebalulekileyo zachithwa ( "ukuthatha", "Yiphani," "Yiza apha," kunye nabanye.), Nikelani ingqalelo gabalala. Uqheliso baqale ukuchitha kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga nezingalindelekanga (esitratweni, kwivenkile kwigumbi lokuhlambela). Emva kokuba uthotho abantu bevuma umntwana imisebenzi (ingcali, umama, utata, utatomkhulu, makhulu).

Isigaba sesine

Oku linqanam lokugqibela. Ngaxa lithile, umntwana kuphela phambili ukucacisile ukuba naye inkuthazo, kodwa uqala ukuqonda imisebenzi emitsha ngokwazo, olongezelelweyo na into ezifunekayo zokusebenza phandle. Ngokomzekelo, yena unikwa umsebenzi 'ukuvala umnyango "ukubonisa amaxesha 1-2, yaye oku sele ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba kuvela, oko kuthetha ukuba le nkqubo kakuhle, kwaye iyafuneka iiseshoni zonyango ABA akusekho. Umntwana uqala ukufunda ulwazi oluphangaleleyo kwii-bume, wenze njani ngokuqhelekileyo asakhulayo abantwana, kungabikho Autism.

Yintoni kugqiba ngokukuko Autism ukululeka umntwana?

Kuba bitmap Practice kwaye kubuphucula ngayo izenzo kunye izinto kufuneka ibe kakhulu elininzi umgudu kunye nexesha. Kukholelwa ukuba abantwana unesifo unyango "Autism" ABA enempumelelo kakhulu ukuba kokuqhubekileyo kule ndlela ukunika iiyure eziyi-30-40 ngeveki. Qala ukuba bazibandakanye inkqubo enjalo, kungakuhle phambi kokuba umntwana ujika emi-6 ubudala. ABA-isivalo sisebenza kubantwana abadala. Kodwa ke wonke ngokukhawuleza kuqala, ngcono isiphumo ekupheleni.

Izinto eziluncedo yale ndlela

Ngokuba abantwana Autism na unyango ABA efficacious kakhulu. Imfundo nje ukuphinda ukuziphatha okuthandwayo, eyingcali oqeqeshiweyo inceda umntwana ukwenza imodeli oluchanekileyo ukusuka kwenye imeko ukuya kwenye. Icandelo ibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni impumelelo inxaxheba ngqo lwabazali kule program ABA.

Iziphumo ezihle ivele ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho wophando ngunozala kule ndlela Ivar Lovaas, malunga isiqingatha soonyana abafumene uqeqesho lweprogram ABA, bangaqeqeshwa kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo. Karhulumente kunye nokuziphatha yaphucuka ngaphezu kwe-90% yenani lilonke labantwana abafumene uqeqesho ngalo ndlela.

ABA therapy yenza kube lula gqolo ukuphuhlisa umntwana ukuba bafundise aze anyuselwe eluntwini. Abantwana Autism phantse unyamalale ngokupheleleyo iingcinga. indlela ABA ivumela abantwana kamva wajika nokulungiswa (iminyaka 5-6), ukuze akwazi ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo.

Le nkqubo ibandakanya onke amasimi ulwazi: ukusuka kuphuhliso izixhobo ingqiqo ekubeni kusekwe kwaye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono self-uncedo kamasipala.

nobubi ubuchule

Ngelishwa, unyango ABA ayikwazi isicelo kwi kusekwangoko, ukuba umntwana Autism esoyika abasemzini. Le nkqubo onzima, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngononophelo. Abazali kunye ngokuziphatha nangokwenyama zihlale ziwulungiselelwe ngokuzimisela ngokupheleleyo, umsebenzi owenziwa rhoqo, inkqubo nemivuzo kunye izohlwayo akukho kwaphulwa. Uphazamiseko okanye umsebenzi buthathaka akufuneki, njengoko unako kuchaphazela isiphumo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umntwana aniqeqeshwa, nabaqeqeshiweyo - baqeqeshwe izakhono ngokuphindaphinda ngokusoloko. Ukuze asebenze kule nqubo, kufuneka ugcwalise ukuthobela umntwana, kwaye ndiwuphumeze ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kakhulu. iiklasi Control kule nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ke ekhaya kwaye kufuneka bazame ukulungiselela uphuhliso inkqubo eyayiza kuba lungqinelane nesicwangciso yoluleko.

ubunzima kunokwenzeka

Ekukhuthazeni abantwana unesifo "Autism" yahluke kancinane ukuba abantwana eziqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umntwana ukuze sibe nomdla kulo, kuya kusikhuthaza. Ukuvunywa okanye ukulahlwa kubantwana autistic na kuphumelele, ekuqaleni indumiso zinokudityaniswa kunye nomvuzo ngokwenene. Ezi abantwana ayikwazi ixesha elide ukucinga ngayo nantoni na yaye ngokufuthi uphazamisekile, ngoko kubalulekile ukwenza imithambo cwaka, imisebenzi yahlulwe amacandelo amancinane. Ukuphindaphinda kuvala ukuba iyalibala ekufundeni amagama abstract wamchazela amabinzana nje elula. Xa umntwana efunda ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kunye notitshala omnye komnye, nina umcele ukuba uxoxe nabantu ababini yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kwandisa inani nabo. Aba bantwana izakhono kuyajongwa ukuba akusebenzi, ngoko sebenzisa womgunyathi. uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kuthintela self-inkanuko - gungqa, ukuqhwaba. Abantwana Autism musa umahluko phakathi stimulus ezibalulekileyo ingenamsebenzi, basabela wambi kakhulu libizwe okanye ngokuchasene noko, siswele kakhulu. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha, kaninzi thembela ngombono kunokuba ukuva. Abantwana kakuhle ukuqonda inkcazelo ekuveni, eziveliswe yinkqubo ABA kakhulu ngempumelelo.

ABA therapy mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela kuphela umsebenzi yoluleko kunye nabantwana autistic, nto leyo ebangela iimpikiswano ezininzi kakhulu kunye neengxoxo. Eyahlukeneyo kubangela ukunganeliseki okanye inkcazelo eziphelelwe lixesha, okanye iingcali ABA abafanelekayo namhlanje zininzi, njengoko le program iya ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi. Ukusebenza ngokubanzi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi yobuchule ingcali, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukhetha ngenyameko kakhulu.