Yokuziphatha Social: ingqiqo kunye ebalulekileyo. History of yokuziphatha. Ethics indlela yokuziphatha

Namhlanje, akunakubakho waqubisana nomntu, abo omaziyo lokuqala kusithwa unedolo elinye waza waqubuda emhlabeni. Women akusekho izaphetha, kunqabile ukuba amadoda ukuqabula isandla ziintombi, akukho namnye ufunda waltz iqela okanye iziqalelo mazurka. Ndamangaliswa ukuba ujonge thina izinyanya! Ngapha koko, ngokuba kwabo yokuziphatha zikaRhulumente yaba eziqhelekileyo, kwaye kunyanzelekile, echazwa bubukho imfundo, nesimilo kunye nenkcubeko. baye njani yaye kutheni kwatshintsha nemigangatho ixesha kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, eli nqaku liza kukuxelela.

Ntoni ingqikelelo "yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni"?

Le nkcazo ifaka iseti nesimilo kwaye ilawula umgca yokuziphatha evunyiweyo ekuhlaleni. Ulwazi imithetho yokuziphatha mihla kunokumnceda umntu ukuba azuze okusingqongileyo, ukuchukumisa, ukubethelela igama layo njengomntu eyayifunde kakhulu ngokwasengqondweni novelwano. Kodwa ke, ukuba ukufikelela imbono enjalo ngokwabo - yisayensi lokwenene. Ekubeni ekusetyenzwe ngazo zonke izizukulwana obuhleli ngaphambili, ngoko ezinye iseti lamacebiso ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kusekho umsebenzi ngaphandle nangona utshintsho ngamaxesha ngokwemikhwa, izinto ezithandwayo, zengqondo. Kungakhathaliseki ixesha ubudala, nolindelo zentlalo ngokumalunga ngamnye wahlala singaguqukanga ngokubanzi - babesoloko zibandakanya ubukho imbeko, ubuchule kunye imbeko, ukukwazi ukuziphatha etafileni, embadleni, kwindawo yoluntu, ukukwazi ukuqalisa kwaye ugcine incoko.

Ukuvela etiquette

Imbali yokuziphatha ngokwemveli enxulumene ezingqondweni uninzi yabemi eFransi, iBritani kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu, ezifana eJamani. Nangona kunjalo, le khona imvelaphi ukunganaki akakwazi ukubabiza! Kukho saba elide nokungahoyi eluntwini jikelele, ubukrwada, nalwazi, intlonipho amandla negunya. yokuziphatha Social unetyala imvelaphi yayo eItali, nto leyo mnye, ngenxa yokuba amandla ayo kwezoqoqosho, kwema phandle, ingakumbi kuMbindi kwiZigaba Early, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. Ngoko ke, kude kube phakathi kwenkulungwane XVI eNgilani wahlala eli lizwe kunye nemithetho anamagazi ngumbharbhari ngenxa yokubandakanyeka yenkuthalo kwiimfazwe ezintsha. Ngeli xesha, umzi elizimeleyo Italian zizityebi communes, benza kuphuhliso ngobugcisa, kakade, kuba ezama ihombe kwaye ennoble ubomi babo, ngokuthe ngcembe zonke ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokuziphatha. Germany eli xesha, ezifana eNgilane, wabandakanyeka kungekho mfazwe ngaphantsi liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, ngokunxulumene ne apho izikhulu kukade icangcisiwe ungalinywanga. France wabona ngendlela efanayo kuphela amandla negunya, imfazwe kunye ukulwa.

Oku - ekuqaleni wokuzalwa yokuziphatha, ngakumbi esondele izimiso zazo modernity. Kakade ke, musa ukucinga ukuba kungaba up ku kumaXesha Aphakathi, akukho imithetho yokuziphatha yinto engekhoyo ehlabathini. Ke benziwa phantse nangoko emva kwakho indoda abayibona, ke ngoko, ukuba umntu 'ithile enoba kukancinane okanye kakhulu, ephelekwa abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Emva kokuba ukunqula oothixo zasekuhlaleni izinto nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela imithetho ethile yokuziphatha. Yamandulo eGrisi, umzekelo, iye kwakhona wenza igalelo kuphuhliso nemigangatho yehlabathi: yemfaneleko amaGrike ziquka ukudalwa etafileni kunye namashishini yokuziphatha.

Imbali kuphuhliso olungaphezulu yokuziphatha

yokuziphatha Social abahlele yayo lifikile indlela elide. Ngokuthe ngcembe, xa isenzo emkhosini eYurophu baqalisa bagxila kakhulu kwaye ngabom indalo, ingcamango imbeko. Oku kulawulwa imithetho yokuziphatha le Knights, eyaqala ukwenza enye abameli eziphambili yoluntu abafundileyo neyakhe, olwahluke inkcubeko yawo, wempangelo kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwikhowudi nembeko, Knight kwafuneka bakhethe ngokwabo oMhle Lady wentliziyo, ukuze ndilwe ndize ndoyise ngenxa yakhe, ukuze bakwazi ukuvelisa imibongo neengoma imbeko oyintanda, musa nethemba impendulo evela ecaleni kwakhe nokudlala chess elungileyo. Kakade ke, zibandakanya imithetho kunye ubukho iimpawu ezinjalo ukuba knight elinobukroti kunye nobuchule njengoko ukukwazi igqibelele ukusetyenziswa iingalo, ukuze bamkhwelise, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa isibindi, ukuzimisela kunye nesibindi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Zokufundisa amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu ngelo xesha wanika uluntu namhlanje kwizithethe esiqhelekileyo njengoko ukuxhawulana xa sidibana okanye ukususwa headgear. Kwaye ngoko, omnye ngamaxesha zokulwa yaqinisekisa ukungabi namdla lokubulala ulidlelane yasetyenziselwa amazwi neenjongo ezintle kunye nendawo elungileyo. Kakade ke, namhlanje abantu zoomatshini ukuyibamba isandla nomntu othile, mhlawumbi nkqu kuyazi ukuba iphume kanjani, le senzo ibalulekileyo emhlabeni eYurophu!

Inqanaba elilandelayo, nto leyo iphawulwa yimbali yokuziphatha - i Renaissance (Renaissance). inkqubela kwezobugcisa, inzululwazi nobugcisa kukhokelele ekwandeni abafowunelwa phakathi kwamazwe amabini, kangangokuba imithetho yokuziphatha baye benza nyathelo phambili, abe erudition efana kunye nendoda ezintle. Kukho imithetho ekhulayo ezifana nokuhlamba izandla phambi kokutya, ukusetyenziswa amacephe kunye ukukwazi ukuqonda kubo, ukuhlonipha indlela abaneminyaka impahla, ukunqongophala flatulence ngokugqithiseleyo kunye panache.

Kwixesha elizayo, isigama yokuziphatha ngokuqhubekayo itshintsha, ukuba nemibuzo, isiqulatho esitsha ngokomgangatho ezahlukeneyo lwezizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Oku ukhetha kuphela intle yonke into, kwaye kufuneka into ngempela bonisa mntu njengoko iyunithi ozimeleyo kwaye uchaze kuyo nomba yolwazi yenkcubeko imithetho. Namhlanje, le nkqubo nangoku ayikagqitywa - Iziseko uphawu azimanga ndawonye, ukuba zitshintsha rhoqo nokuphuhlisa. Nokufika kwiindawo ezintsha kukho imithetho emitsha yokuziphatha.

Yaye yintoni na yokuziphatha in Russian?

Ubukho yokuqala yokuziphatha lwezentlalo eRashiya owayephila onokufaniswa imeko ekhoyo njengoko be iqala ukuyilwa imo eYurophu. Ngokucacileyo ichazwe imithetho nemimiselo njengoko enjalo, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni XVII - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, oko kukuthi, lo gama nje itrone akanyukanga utitshala kunye wenguquko uPetros I. Phambi kwakhe, incwadi yesalathiso jikelele nawuphi na umntu Russian waba "Domostroy" apho ukuba imithetho ubomi bentsapho kunye nokulima emiselweyo, njengako apho mntu intloko ningakruthakrutheki yekhaya akwazi ukubetha umfazi wakhe, kwakunye self-ifakiwe, kuba amanye amasiko nezithethe abahlala. Akukubona oku uPetros oyidingayo lwe elidlulileyo, ezingafanelekanga ukuba urhulumente eqhubela phambili, kwaye ngoko ke baseYurophu waboleka ezininzi iincwadi, ukufunda yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni.

Modern iintlobo yokuziphatha kunye nabo eziqhelekileyo kunye nembali yomntu

Namhlanje ubuntu, ukongezelela courtly, awayeye ngaphambili, indlela yokuziphatha, yazi ndidi zilandelayo kuwo:

• Inkundla - inkcubeko kunye yokuziphatha, apho kwakufuneka athobele enkundleni ngookumkani. Le - lilawulwa ngokungqongqo kwaye siyabophelela izithethe. Kuba-non ukuthobela (umz ukusilela baqubuda ngokomfanekiso royal) ngokulula ukuya kwi block. Olu hlobo yokuziphatha esetyenziswa namhlanje kumazwe kunye luhlobo monarchical karhulumente.
• Amanxusa - .. Ezi imigaqo yokuziphatha lwentlalo elawula ukuziphatha oonozakuzaku kunye inkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo nabanye ngexesha lentlanganiso, ngexesha iintetho, enkhubyeni wa vukati, njl Olu hlobo yokuziphatha bakha ixesha elide eyadlulayo, kodwa uhlala khona kude namhlanje.
• yokuziphatha Military - lilawulwa bubukho ngummiselo ethile kwaye ziphuhliswe ngokuhamba kwexesha izithethe ezichaza ukuziphatha onke amalungu ababandakanyeka kwinkqubo emkhosini. Oku kuquka imikhuba kunye nezithethe yokuziphatha ofisi ngexesha iindawo off-emsebenzini, xa uqhagamshelana nabanye abantu, ulwaphulo imibuliso imiyalezo babe yokuqhelaniswa isiko kunye nezinye iinkalo zobomi azisetyenziswa kunye.
• Professional - uhlobo yokuziphatha, ezifumene enkulu kwi XX kunye xxi kwiinkulungwane ngokuthatha ngokwandisa inani lemisebenzi ezinxulumene ekuqaleni ilixa inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iinxalenye zabemi kulo lonke ihlabathi baye baqalisa lisiba athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi professional ukuba kubangele ukwanda ebalulekileyo yale hlobo yokuziphatha esebenza.
• Nabamelwane eyiyo yokuziphatha zoshishino, elawula imithetho amagosa onxibelelwano nye besenza imisebenzi yabo rhoqo.
• EziQhelekileyo (nezaziwa ngokuba yokuziphatha okanye nje wempangelo) - yeyona obanzi kunayo ingcamango yokuziphatha, oko idibanisa isethi eqhelekileyo imithetho, imimiselo, imigaqo kunye namasiko, ukuba usebenzise ukuba abantu basebenzisa xa unxibelelana nabanye ... Le yokuziphatha yoluntu, ngoko ke yeyona ubhetyebhetye kwezinye zonke iintlobo.
• Intetho - uhlobo yokuziphatha, esimisela izithethe zenkcubeko intetho bacinga ulwazi ezisisiseko zesimbo kunye ngokwegrama ulwimi, kunye nokukwazi nje, ngokucacileyo nangempumelelo baveze iingcamango zabo, ukunxibelelana ngazo kwabanye. Olu hlobo yinxalenye mandatory ifakiwe zonke iintlobo zingentla yokuziphatha, njengoko kunjalo uyakwazi ukubhala ngokuchanekileyo yaye uthethe kakuhle sisiseko ezisisiseko nawuphi yokuziphatha ngokubanzi.

Ngoku lixesha lokuba ingqalelo umahluko phakathi ingqiqo ka "yokuziphatha indlela yokuziphatha." Baya lula badidekile, nibe nina elowo kubo indawo ethile, yahlukile kwezinye ilizwi, ixabiso.

Ethics yokuziphatha: iiyantlukwano kunye ezifana

Ukuba indlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha, sele kuchaziwe ngentla, ngexesha ukhangela ukuba zithini uthwele elithi 'izimiso ". Lo mqondo okuhlola yokuziphatha ngesimilo ngokwemiqathango bulumko, oko kukuthi, imithetho yokuziphatha kwezentlalo, ekubonakala, ulwalamano elikude kakhulu. Umahluko la magama kube ngokucacileyo kuboniswa imizekelo ezithile, ezifana:

• "Ukuthanda uThixo nommelwane" - isindululo, chaza imigaqo yokuziphatha.
• "Musa ukubulala, musa ukuba, musa unganqweneli" - ibinzana elichaza sele ubenza Umgaqo (ukususela kwinqanaba umbono yokuziphatha kobuKristu).

Ke yena kunye nezinye iindidi yenzelwe ukuba ayalele umntu endleleni, ukuba bafundise ukuba benze imisebenzi emihle, ukuba unokubenza eqaqambileyo, imbono elungileyo yehlabathi. Le ukufana ophambili phakathi elithi 'izimiso "yaye" yokuziphatha ". Eyokuqala umisela ukuba kufuneka ziphunyezwe, kwaye eyesibini - ukuba oku kunokuphunyezwa ngawo nendlela.

yokuziphatha Social namhlanje: ukuba baziphathe njani?

Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukukhangela iinkcukacha ngakumbi oko kuthethwa yokuziphatha, oko kukuthi, yiya ngqo kwisikhokelo sele esisebenzayo kwisenzo.

yokuziphatha wempangelo Modern ibandakanya:

• Iindlela wokubingelela unyango kwenye;
• Imithetho yokuziphatha ngethuba kwako;
• Norms yokuziphatha kwizangqa ezithile zoluntu;
• Imithetho nengxoxo, nayo leyo kwenza wena hlukanisa ubuqili zayo bokuqonda (intetho elincinane);
• Imbeko ebhekiselele kubafazi;
• Intlonipho nentlonelo abadala ngokobudala kunye nendawo.

Indlela ukuphumeza ukuze ugcine ngokwayo uluvo kakhulu entle kuluntu, izakhe le ndoda abafundileyo cultured?

zokufundisa Izixhobo

Imithetho yokuziphatha zentlalo, enamakhulu i umanyano zobugcisa (lwangaphandle) kunye namacandelo neenqobo (ngaphakathi) ukuba ukunika umntu ngamnye yokugcina izixhobo ezithile inkxaso ejoliswe ekufezekiseni le njongo - ukuphumeza ukuqondwa eluntwini. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuthozama nokuzeyisa. Ezi mpawu zibe neentloni hayi ncam, ukungazithembi kunye diffidence, njengoko kumiselwe yi komama umntu yakhe, ukunqongophala bakulindeleyo ngokwam naziphi na amalungelo, ngokunjalo umnqweno ukubeka phezu kumboniso;
• Ubuntununtunu nobuchule, nto leyo ebonakaliswa uyakwazi ukuthatha ephakadeni interlocutor, isikhundla sakhe eluntwini, iimeko ingqalelo kwaye ukwenza ucingo, ukungabikho okanye ubukho abasemzini, isimo sengqondo lowo nxibelelwano luqhubekayo phakathi kwabo;
• A ingqiqo zinkulu kunye nesakhono ukuze ayeke ngokwayo;
• Ukukwazi ukulawula izenzo zabo;
• Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa unyango.

Imfundo, ukuhlakulela ezi mpawu ngokwakho, unokuqiniseka ukuba kungekudala kulwamkelo uluntu nangoku ezayo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba bafunde yokuziphatha?

Of course! Okwangoku, wonke umntu ufuna ukutsala izakhono zabo kwi ubuchule ukuze ndiphilisane ngoxolo nabanye abantu zinokufundiswa makakhethe senkosi yeklasi emalunga yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni. Iingcali ukufundisa abadlali bakhe ukukwazi ukuziphatha etafileni, ukuqonda ukwahluka namacephe, ngobuchule ibambe iingxoxo imixholo enzulu bulumko umdlali welinye icala ukwenzela ukuba ukucaphukisa nabani na, hlela uze ubambe namatheko ukuya kwiindawo zoluntu kunye nangaphezulu. Kakade ke, yinxalenye yale khosi kwicandelo 'intetho elincinane "ukunceda apaha ubuchule babo baqale ukuthetha nabantu kakuhle, Ilula yaye ngaphandle frills ezingeyomfuneko.

UPawulos

Ngoko ke, ngoku kucaca ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo xa yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni. Izisekelo yokuziphatha, enyanisweni, okukwiqondo omnye okanye omnye wonke umntu uyazi, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba isigqibo ngokwabo - nokuba yento enkulu lwezakhono ezikhoyo okanye ukuba kukho kwanele. Emva koko kufuneka okanye kufuneka ndizibambe kunye nokuqonda iziseko ukunganaki ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho okanye babhalisele izifundo ezizodwa, apho namhlanje lizisa isethi enkulu. Into esemqoka - oko nenkuthazo, yaye apho kufutshane amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu!