Yintoni na iinkcukacha-manani, yaye yintoni na nokubaluleka kwayo kuluntu lwanamhlanje?

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga nobume uluntu isebenzisa lonke uluhlu Sciences. Omnye wabo --manani. Yintoni na?

Yintoni na izibalo?

Ngoko such a isebe lolwazi, nto leyo ebekwe imiba eqhelekileyo ukuqokelelwa, (quantitative okanye qualitative) data umlinganiselo kunye nocazululo mass. Statistics kwakhona usebenza isifundo kwemiba ubungakanani ngezenzeko mass lwentlalo ngokubhekiselele kwifom yabo yamanani. Igama livela iwonga Latin, elithetha "imeko." Ekuqaleni, lo inzululwazi ngokuba "gosudarstvovedenie".

Igama elithi 'Amanani' lalisetyenziswa okokuqala ngo-1746, yaye lo mzuzu kwaphawula ekuqaleni kweli isiyalo academic and science. Nangona kunjalo, asimele na kuthi ukuba yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngqo njengoko accounting, umlinganiselo, kunye nocazululo lwedatha bathwalwa wadandulukayo ngaphambili. An parameter ebalulekileyo befashoni. ukhumbula into efanayo ukusuka geometry, kodwa akukho kulungile. Kodwa yintoni na ukumila kweli-manani? Ngoko ukubiza ixabiso inkqubo yomgama, nto leyo eyenzeka rhoqo.

izibonelo

Makhe sithethe ngento ezisondeleyo kwinto ekhoyo. Yintoni iphepha manani site web? Njengoko le parameter inokuba inani labasebenzisi ungene kwi lendima ukuba siqhelane okubhalwe kuyo. Noko ke, ukususela lo mbono kuya kuba nzima ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, yintoni na manani "VKontakte".

ulwazi eyahlukileyo iphepha ngalinye akayi eziqokelelweyo. Kodwa lwenziwa ukuba zibale inani yabasebenzisi faka usuku, inyanga - ngokubanzi, lonke ixesha. Nantsi ke impendulo yombuzo oko nezibalo nokuziqhelisa information technology.

iintlobo yamaqela

Ingqeqesho lwenzululwazi okuhlamba eqhutywe kwisethi amaqela ezahlukeneyo ukuze yohlobo olunye kwi intlonelo ethile. Ukuze abale inani kwikhefu xa kungekho sikhokelo ecacileyo, lidla kusetyenziswa ifomula Stordzhesa:

CHI = 1 + 3,322 * LG chn apho

• CHI - inani integrals;
• LG - logarithm;
• Chn - inani kokuma.

Kuxobekeka kwezo njongo, kukho iindidi ezintathu zamaqela:

• Kohlaziyo. Isetyenziswa ukuchonga unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela.
• Typological. labantu Study iyahlula ngokwamaqela eyohlobo olulodwa.
• Isakhiwo. Ukwahlukana sahlanganiswa yohlobo olunye lusekelwe inkalo ecacileyo.

Amaqela enohlobo kufuneka sizame ukuba nkulu ziyahluka ukusuka komnye kwaye efanayo ngakumbi phakathi. Ba zamabanga aphakamileyo. I kuqala ngexesha ngumgqaliselo weenkcukacha-manani. Amaqela Secondary benza ngokususela kwidatha ifunyenwe.

iindlela Classification Statistical

Baye isicelo phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Ngoko ke kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba akukho isixhobo jikelele. Kuxhomekeka Okukodwa kunye ezithile iingxaki ngokuntywiliselwa bekela ezinjalo iindlela manani ngohlahlelo data:

• Development kunye nophando izixhobo ngokubanzi-ngenjongo yokuba musa ithathele ingqalelo iimpawu isicelo.
• Ukuyila nokusebenzisa imifuziselo manani ebonakalayo necacileyo okanye inkqubo kwintsimi ethile yomsebenzi.
• Development kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela nezixhobo ukuhlalutya idatha ethile kwezicelo.

izibalo Applied

Le yesebe isayensi inxaxheba ukuzilungisa iinkcukacha zohlobo ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Njengesiseko okuba manani izicelo neendlela zayo analysis zezona manani zemathematika kunye nethiyori lilonke. Iqala ngenkcazelo zohlobo lwe data, kwakunye indlela labo lokuzalwa. Isebenzisa iindlela probabilistic kunye deterministic. Le yokugqibela zingasetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko apho nokulahlwa abaphandi ngokwaneleyo idata (umzekelo - iingxelo zamaqumrhu manani karhulumente, apho olusekelwe kulwazi olunikiweyo ziinkampani). Kodwa ukudlulisela iziphumo isikali enkulu kunye nokuvavanya ithemba kunokwenzeka kuphela ukusetyenziswa zomzekelo probabilistic-manani.

Kule meko zilula amaxabiso data ekhoyo isebenze iimpawu ezithile apho eziziimpawu kwento phantsi isifundo. Imida apha ubuninzi okanye zokwalatha (kuxhomekeke kudidi ukuba ukuba loluphi). Le ndlela yesibini ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa luphawu qualitative. Ntoni ukuba uthathe ezimbalwa? Okanye ufake belinani? Ngoko sinokuthi ezafumana esiyua into. Kucingwa ukuba uhlobo olutsha lwe data. Xa izifundo isampula omkhulu enziwa iiseti ezininzi bezifo. Kubalulekile ukuba kuhlaziywe yaye kabini-khangela ulwazi efunyenweyo. Kuba oku kwakhona isampuli-iyasetyenziswa.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, amanani likuvumela ukuba zokuceba izixa ezikhulu data kufuneka ukuba ibe nakho ukunika iinkcukacha malunga imeko kwiindawo ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubatyali-mali kuba oko kunika ithuba lokubona Dynamics ukukhula koqoqosho. Inika iinkcukacha-manani ezinomdla kunye zabemi kunye nabasemagunyeni, ebaxelela malunga neenkqubo kweli lizwe: ukukhula yezibalo okanye ntlekele, ukwanda ntle okanye idrophu njalo njalo.