Umqambi German uPawulos Hindemith: engobomi, ubomi, ubuchule kunye umdla facts

Paul Hindemith (Paul Hindemith) uzuze isihloko omnye iimvumi ezininzi unesiphiwo kwaye aneziphiwo German. Yena ngobuciko wadlala izixhobo zomculo eziliqela, luyaqhutywa egumbini uqambe kwaye umculo Symphonic babhala imisebenzi eliqela eziculwayo, kwaye zasebenza opera. E eJamani, Waba ngumsunguli, kuba ukholelwa ukuba umculo ube nje kuphela amanqaku isongiwe aneziphiwo le uncuthu lwengoma, kodwa uhlobo ibhetri ukuba emva ukumamela ube uhlobo amandla yokuziphatha.

Yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi womculo garde German

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uPawulos Hindemith (biography elifutshane eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku) kucingwe avant-garde. Wahlukana ngokupheleleyo befashoni ngexesha ehlabathini umculo dodecaphony. umculo yakhe azifani nantoni ebhalwe ngaphambili. Kwesigele sentombi Goebbels wavuma ukuba omnye wababhali elibalulekileyo German, kodwa oku ukuqondwa ayikho buhlungu ubudlelwane phakathi uPawulos Hindemith kunye lwamaNazi amaxhoba kwincam. akungumlonjikazi nomqambi kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Xa ekuthinjweni, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi kubuhle zomculo iimvumi zale mihla kunye musicologists nangoku ngenkuthalo asetyenziswe umsebenzi noqeqesho. ukuba umculo ngokuqamba ngamaNazi ke kubhaliwe kwathiwa, ababhalise kwizifundo ngoku udidi ezakudala mihla. Kamva kweli nqaku siza kuqwalaselwa engobomi, ubuchule, uPawulos Hindemith neempawu imisebenzi ebhalwe nguye.

inkcazelo emfutshane malunga indawo yokuzalwa, abazali kunye nosapho le mvumi

Paul Hindemith, wazalwa kufuphi eFrankfurt, kwidolophu encinane Hanau baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi imisebenzi yakhe, am Main. INtloko ntsapho a German ingcibi eqhelekileyo - uCarl Hindemith. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kubonakala wasemzini, kuye lo mfana ilifa i italente engakholelekiyo nendlebe abalasela umculo. Kodwa yaziwa ukuba uyise wakhe, uKarl Hindemit, ukuba opeyintayo nje, wayethanda ukudlala kwi tsintre kwaye kwakuyinto amateurs yimvumi elungileyo. Kungenzeka, oko owafaka unyana wakhe uthando ngobugcisa jikelele, kuquka umculo.

italente somculo nokuqeqesha leyo elizayo

italente nkwenkwe wabonakala kwangethuba. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, wafundiswa ngomdla omkhulu kwaye ndafunda ukudlala amagubu, ipiyano, ivayolin Purple. imfundo Musical wafumana e Frankfurt am Main, wangena somculo. Apho, uPawulos wafunda ukudlala ivayolin waza wafunda siqhuba tracks.

Ukufa kayise ngaphambili kwaye babe kwinkonzo yomkhosi Paul

Ngowe-1915, uKarl - uyise uPawulos - afe edabini. Germany libandakanyeka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, yaye imeko yemali iintsapho ezininzi waseJamani ulihlwempu. umqambi ne umculo intsapho kungekho ngaphandle. Unina uMariya wasala engumhlolokazi kunye nabantwana abathathu, uPawulos wayefuna ukuba umsebenzi umvuzo endilisekileyo, ukunceda thile kuyo. Ngeli xesha, waba nethamsanqa ukufumana umsebenzi umnikelo concertmaster le Frankfurt Opera. Umbhexeshi wekwayara kwakukho Ludwig Rottenberg. Umdla kukuba intombi yakhe kamva watshata Paul Hindemith.

Accompanist endlwini opera wakwazi ukusebenza ukuya ku-1917. Oku kulandelwa emkhosini. Kukho lo mfana abanetalente, Kakade ke, akazange ayeke umsebenzi ngobuchule. Waye wavuma ukuba iqela lawo leentambula njenge obetha, naye uba lilungu abacula umtya. Ngowe-1918, wenza kwindima yokuqala abacula violin. Emva kokugqiba emkhosini, uPawulos ubuyela Frankfurt Opera House, apho wayesebenza kude 1923 accompanist.

Ukufika a abacula Lykke Amara

Ekuqaleni nenani 20-ekuhlaleni umculo eJamani, uPawulos Hindemith wayesele esaziwa njenge umqambi abanetalente, violin kunye violist. Ukusebenza e Frankfurt Opera, yena wayesenza umsebenzi accompanist kuphela. Ngaxeshanye, umbethi indima ulinde ithuba wobambiswano A. Rebnera. Emva kokubuyela uvela emkhosini mna, Hindemith wagqiba ukudlala kweli qela, lo viola.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezithandwa zokuvuma nomcebisi wakhe Rebnera uPawulos ingqalelo emithethweni kakhulu. Ngoko watshintsha iqela waza waba yinxalenye enye abacula - ukhokelwa violin owaziwayo Lykke Amara. Iqela eyaqhubeka de-1929, yaye, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, yaba yimpumelelo enkulu nje kuphela ekhaya, kodwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yawo. Nokuyiphumeza indima Purple, uPawulos ithuba lokukhenketha kakhulu kwaye ubone ezininzi kumazwe aseYurophu.

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo umsebenzi ngempumelelo

Paul Hindemith - umqambi, ogama isebenza uluntu jikelele kuqala weva ngowe-1922, kwisixeko Salzburg, ngexesha yeHlabathi Umculo Days. Impumelelo iingoma ezibhalwe nguye kwakucaca, nangona, kwaye iye yabangela eninzi ingxoxo. Ngowe-1923 wamiselwa ngumququzeleli uMthendeleko Contemporary Music, esenzeka kwidolophu ekuthiwa Donaueschingen. UPawulos wahlala ethembekile kukhetho zabo imiyalelo ezintsha umculo, yaye ngokubonakalayo iyakhuthazwa imisebenzi umthendeleko abaqambi avant-garde. Alto iintlobo ngexesha eekonsathi azenza ngokwakhe.

Ngowe-1927, Hindemith wanikela sisincoko nokufundisa Berlin Hochschule noboya Umculo, yaye ukuvumile oko. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo zibe yimpumelelo kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe. Ngaphandle mfundiso, uPawulos aza ukwenza umsebenzi solo walihamba nje violist. Ikonsathi akhe impumelelo eyadala kwi US, linika midlalo kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka iYiputa ne Turkey.

Uphawu yobudlelwane ezimbaxa phakathi ulawulo lwamaNazi kunye nabantu creative eJamani

Ngo-30, beza amandla lwamaNazi party, ulwalamano naye lowo mvumi kunye umqambi kongezelelwa nzima. Esinye isizathu sokuba abe umfazi uPawulos - Gertrude Rotenberg, leyo ke ngowe-1924 wangena emtshatweni ngokusesikweni. Inyaniso yokuba, ngokutsho nemithetho zonqulo, oko akujongwa umYuda, amaNazi kungekho ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo. Uyise-mculi Ludwig Rothenberg a a ri Muyuda, yaye oko kwakwanele. Njengabantu abaninzi lokudala, uPawulos Hindemith (biography siye sabona ogama) ingqalelo ngokwakhe umntu nopolitiko ngokupheleleyo. Yena wathetha ngokuphandle kunye noogxa babo abangamaJuda, abaqambi kunye neemvumi, niyitya ngaphandle ngezizathu yesizwe. Kakade ke, lo Party amaNazi akazange ayithande loo nto, kodwa ekuqaleni imi--30 zencoko kunye yamaYuda ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela indalo zeemvumi. Ngoko ke ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuvela ibango kanye lo msebenzi.

sengqondo lwamaNazi nemisebenzi uPawulos iguquguqukayo antsonkothileyo. Ekuqaleni ize adunyiswe. Ngowe-1934, Goebbels ngokwakhe ubiza omnye Hindemith ngayo abaqambi zibalulekileyo kunye aneziphiwo abahlaziya German. Abanye xesha uPawulos phantsi uhlobo yemibutho lwamaNazi. imisebenzi yakhe ngokwenene ebekuthanda abameli abasemagunyeni German. Kwakhona wadlala indima enkulu igama ngamazwe sale umqambi ngumculi ukuba akazange avumele amaNazi ukuba ayibulale.

indawo Hindemith yaba nzima ngenene, ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, wabonisa amagunya ukulungela yayo ukulalanisa. Ngexesha elifutshane, uPawulos uqala ukubonisa kwi zililo ezintsha eliphi yakhe German kunye inqubo. Kule imisebenzi emitsha uyaziphulaphula kangakanani lwemveli isiJamani, wabhala imisebenzi nendima ngendlela uhlobo ngendlela eyondeleleneyo ecacileyo (imingcelele ezithile German). Kuba ngoxa wahlala kwelo lizwe thile, kodwa ubuhlobo namaYuda, ngokoluvo Hindemith ukuba wena abantu kufuneka bakhululeke ngokupheleleyo ezizimeleyo, ababanga nako isibheno ideologues ze Wesithathu.

ngxabano Vula nabameli abasemagunyeni German

Paul Hindemith, imisebenzi zomculo leyo kuyanconywa kumazwe amaninzi, ekhaya yeyela kukho ihlazo evulekileyo. Apogee ungquzulwano oyimfihlo kuqhubeka ngo-1934. Goering ngokusemthethweni uthintela belungiselela iphambili opera Hindemith yamemeza "Mathis der Maler". Komnye iintetho zakhe, J. Gebels umqambi Igama-ubizo "atonal Foley, ngumlimi isandi". Abahlalutyi lwamaNazi ukubiza umsebenzi wakhe 'ubugcisa ongcakachileyo ". Phantsi koxinzelelo yokuziphatha Hindemith ngaba luyayeka ukusebenza esikolweni Berlin, ukuthatha ikhefu libe ixesha elingenammiselo.

Utyeshelo abuyele Turkey "kwi inkonzo 'ka Hitler

Kweli xesha linzima, uPawulos wafumana isithembiso evela Mustafa Ataturk - yezopolitiko Turkish kunye wenguquko - ndwendwela Ankara nokunceda ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso ngenxa ngokuhlanganisa yemfundo zomculo eTurkey. amaqabane Hindemith uyavuma isindululo kunye ushiye okwethutyana eJamani. UPawulos sele kwenziwe umsebenzi wayo, ngaloo ndlela yenze igalelo elikhulu ekudalweni inkqubo iphela yemfundo umculo, esasisetyenziswa zonke Turkish umculo imfundo. Wabeka kakhulu umgudu ukuze somculo yokuqala umculo yavulwa Ankara. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umqambi Turkish ngumculi ewuthanda intlonelo enkulu, ngokungafaniyo basemzini abaninzi yabaleka eJamani ngelo xesha, kunye nomfazi wakhe, kungekudala bagqiba kwelokuba abuyele ekhaya.

Emva kokubuyela uPawulos kwakhona ukuba wenze oluninzi onakalisa kunye nabasemagunyeni waseJamani. Ngowe-1936, wafunga ekumthobeleni Hitler. Umqambi wenza iculo edume Luftwaffe, imisebenzi yakhe azele mibala "isiJamani" baqale yenziwe kwiiholo ekonsathini lonke eJamani. Kodwa lo "uxolo" kunye amaNazi ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. EJamani uqala i umzabalazo evulekileyo nxamnye izimbo umculo lwanamhlanje. AmaJamani sizibiza ngokuba "bonakele." isebenza uPawulos (ngaphandle ezimbalwa) ukuwa phantsi le nkcazelo kunye, ekugqibeleni, intsebenzo yabo yokugqibela lo mthetho eJamani.

Ukongeza, eli lizwe ukubethelela amanyathelo anti-yamaYuda. Hindemith uqalisa ukoyika nzulu ukuze ukhuseleko inkosikazi yakhe, nto leyo eba umnwe kunye nobundlobongela emzimbeni. Eqonda ukuba umsebenzi lakhe akukho ndawo eJamani, umqambi, violin kunye violist Hindemit uPawulos yenza isigqibo sokugqibela ukuba ashiye ilizwe.

Utyeshelo kunye lokubuya eJamani kwixesha kwempi

Ngowe-1938, uPawulos waya eSwitzerland, yaye kamva iminyaka 2 thutha nomfazi wayo eUnited States. E Melika, wamenywa ukuba abathethise kwiiyunivesithi ezidumileyo ezifana Yale kunye Harvard. Nangona isibakala sokuba Hindemith nako imangalelwe amalinge elidlulileyo ngentsebenziswano amaNazi eMelika imisebenzi yakhe zenziwa yaye nempumelelo oqhweshileyo. Wabizwa ehlabathini ngaphandle umculo German kwexesha kuba ndikhululekile yempembelelo yamaNazi. Yaba ixesha yokuhlala eUnited States wawa kwincopho umsebenzi wakhe. Ngowe-1946, wafumana US ngummi, kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1953, wafudukela Zurich. Apho Andikhokelela kwintetho kwiyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni nokuqhuba iokhestra, enze umsebenzi wakhe.

Ndathi Ubhabhayisile nobomi umntu buchopho nangoku ekhaya eJamani. Wabuyela eFrankfurt, apho wafela khona ngowe-1963 ukusuka kokuhlaselwa pancreatitis.

Kwento musical zamagugu Hindemith

Paul Hindemith azaziwa elinegunya umculo enye ingcali, imvumi, utitshala, umqhubi. Le ndoda washiya ngasemva ezininzi kakhulu imisebenzi neentlobo zomculo ezahlukeneyo, yena ubhale inani elikhulu imisebenzi for okhestra, ngokubhala egumbini umculo for izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, osebenza ibhaleyi, ikwayara kunye, Kakade ke, ngenxa opera.

Opera - inxalenye ebalulekileyo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Paul Hindemith

Inxalenye enkulu yale ilifa uPawulos ekhohlo ukuya inzala yabo babumba opera. Abagxeki kunye musicologists bakholelwa ukuba kuzo ichazwe ngokucacileyo Outlook umqambi ne yimvumi, nokuqonda kunye nemephu of engokoqobo owayephila ngexesha kunye nendawo yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko, ilandelwe yi ngumbhali. Lo opera Paul Hindemith wasebenza de ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Umqambi German wabhala umculo for ezininzi ezibe yimpumelelo yaye laziwa kulo lonke opera ehlabathini, phakathi kwawo:

• "Mathis der Maler".
• "Hi of the World."
• "NLSH-Nushi".
• "Lo mbulali - abafazi ithemba."
• "Cardillac".
• "Daily News".
• "Le Isidlo Long iKrismesi".
• "Saint nomnyeni."