UMozart akasekho kwaye ezigqibe? Biography kunye nomsebenzi Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus uMozart - ummeli eliqaqambileyo yesikolo Viennese yamandulo. Yena yakhiwe kakuhle iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomculo ngexesha lakhe, wayenazo a improviser italente ukuva ezizodwa yaye kunqabile. Ngokufutshane, yingqondi. Ezijikeleze ubomi nokufa yingqondi idla oluninzi namarhe intelekelelo. Umqambi wafa eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu. ukufa kwakhe yokuqala yaba impikiswano, loo nto yenza isiseko sebali lwemisebenzi yoncwadi. Mozart bafa? Yintoni unobangela wokufa kwakhe ngequbuliso? Nalapho uMozart wangcwatyelwa?

Umqambi kabani biography amakhulu ngaphezu ezimbini labaphandi abanomdla ehlabathini lonke, wafa Ngo1791. Iibhayografi zabantu abadumileyo bagqiba ukuqala ukusuka ekuzalweni. Kodwa biography uMozart yeyona inkulu kangangokuba naliphi na ixesha ufanelwe ingqalelo. Eli nqaku ingqalelo ngokuyintloko njani wafa Mozart. Zininzi intelekelelo. Kodwa ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye unobangela wokufa yaba kokugula ixesha elide. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nenkcazelo kwemihla yokugqibela onjengokaMozart, kufuneka kuthwa ngobomi bakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Kuyo Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart? City of elivisayo ubuntwana yimvumi enkulu Salzburg. uyise Amadeus yaba violin. Leopold uMozart wanikezela ubomi bakhe abantwana. Wenza yonke into intombi kunye nonyana wakhe bebengafanelekile ngemfundo somculo. Leyo umculo. ubuchule Unique esemncinane wabonisa njengoko noWolfgang Amadeus Mozart, ogama engobomi inikwa kweli nqaku, yaye nodade wabo omdala Nannerl.

Leopold waqala ukubafundisa intombi yakhe ukudlala harpsichord kunokuba ekuqaleni. Wolfgang ke ngelo xesha zonke ezincinane. Ke yena walandela izifundo dade nokuphindaphinda iindinyana oluthile lomculo. Ke Leopold wagqiba ukuba unyana wakhe ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ibe umqambi. Wolfgang njengoko Nannerl wakhe, uzenza waqalisa kwangoko kakhulu. Abaphulaphuli wayeyithanda bokuhlela umdlalo.

Adolescence kunye ekuqaleni kwendalo

Ukususela ngo-1781 iqhawe eli nqaku babehlala eVienna. UBeethoven, Haydn - Classic. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, kunye ezi mvumi amakhulu, wadala imisebenzi alisoze lilibaleke. Fikelela ezinjalo eziphakamileyo kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa italente ngokwemvelo, kodwa unyamezelo, yayingumsebenzi onzima.

ubudala njani bafa Mozart? Umqambi yaba ngamashumi amathathu anesihlanu kuphela. Kwaye iminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wazinza eVienna. Ngeli thuba lifutshane ixesha Wolfgang iye yakhula ukusuka njengemvumi yaziwa kancinane kumqambi mkhulu.

Indlu fanele ku Weber, kwintsapho wayeneentombi ezintathu engatshatanga. Omnye wabo - umfazi elizayo kaWolfgang, Constance. Kulo nyaka, xa okokuqala babewela emnyango wendlu Weber yakhe, waqala ukudala opera "ukuthinjwa evela Seraglio." Lo msebenzi waye wamkelwa yi luluntu Viennese; kodwa igama onjengokaMozart phofu engekabi ubunzima ngezangqa zomculo.

udumo

Kungekudala, uMozart watshata Konstantsii Veber. Emva komtshato, ulwalamano lwakhe kunye nezigulo kayise. UMozart uSister de imihla yakhe yokugqibela ababekolo udade-ezikhohlakeleyo. Peak Lodumo Wolfgang ukho phakathi yee-. Kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uYesu uqala ukufumana imali enkulu. Mozarts ukususa kwindlu zodidi, ukuqesha umkhonzi ube ipiyano ngemali crazy ngelo xesha. Le mvumi eqala ngumhlobo Haydn, ngubani kanye kanye lizisa ingqokelela imisebenzi yakhe.

NgoFebruwari 1785 abaphulaphuli thaca Piano Concerto e-D minor. "Kutheni le uMozart omkhulu wafa intlupheko?" - ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukuva umbuzo onjalo. Yintoni sisiseko ngokoluvo iingxaki zemali piyano nomqambi? Enyanisweni, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-yee- uMozart waba kwincopho udumo lwakhe. Wayengomnye le mvumi sezigwili eVienna ngo 1787. iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uYesu wathuma unyana wakhe kwiziko lemfundo eninzi kakhulu kwaye zindala. Yaye kwangaloo nyaka mnye, umdlali piyano enkulu wazibandakanya nendawo eyayihlala Masonic. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imeko yezimali umqambi noko ezingenakuzanyazanyiswa. Kodwa ukuba kude ubuhlwempu.

ubunzima

Ngowe ka1789, umfazi Wolfgang wakhe wagula. Wanyanzelwa ukuba athumele ukuba iiholide Spa ukuba ihlunguzela imeko yakhe yemali. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, Constance waya izilungiso. Ngelo xesha yaba yimpumelelo enkulu, "Ukutshata of Figaro." UMozart ukubhala iziqwenga ngenxa yemidlalo. Wabhala kuqala opera. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala abaphumelelanga.

Kunyaka ophelileyo ngenxa yomphefumlo uMozart iye wande kakhulu. Wabhala G symphony minor, wamkela isithuba Kapellmeister. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ndaqalisa ukusebenza "Requiem". It isebenza yi uMozart wayalela uhlanga onqwenela imbeko kwisikhumbuzo ngumfazi wakhe.

requiem

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, ogama engobomi okumangalisayo ziziganeko, nangona ukufa bakhe, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi. Waba nabafundi abaneleyo, wamkela ngexesha ubomi ekumba ezilungileyo ukupapashwa imisebenzi yakhe. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, yena waqala ukudala umsebenzi wakhe yakutshanje - "Requiem". Umsebenzi kuthinjwa ke naye, ukuba sele wayeka ukuba benze abafundi. Ngaphandle impilo yawo ngesiquphe saqala ukwehla suku ngalunye.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela Wafa Mozart, kwathiwa kwiminyaka kamva, izalamane, amangqina zokufa umqambi elikhulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho unyana njengemvumi. Ngokutsho iinkumbulo omthandayo, ngesiquphe uMozart yaba embi kangangokuba kwafuneka kubiza ugqirha. Kwaye hayi, kodwa ezona eVienna. Eneneni, ugqirha yanceda mvumi. Noko ke, ukuphucuka zange ihlale ixesha elide. UMozart wehla kungekudala ngokupheleleyo.

Ezifo fever amazimba

Ngokutsho memoirs ka Sofi Veber - udade-imvumi - emva kokuba imeko yakhe yayisiba, izalamane ndagqiba kwelokuba omnye ugqirha. Isizathu sokuba ukufa uMozart kaThixo impikiswano, kuba iimpawu zayo engaqhelekanga ukuze oogqirha awavumelekanga ukuba bavumelane uxilongo.

Kwiiveki yakutshanje, umqambi enomfutho ukuva. Yokuba wayephethwe intlungu engathethekiyo, nokuba ivela emzimbeni ebujongise iimpahla. UMozart yonke imihla ngokuncipha. Kwaye ngaphandle, imeko yakhe yayisiba ngenxa iindlela amayeza abangafezekanga. Isigulane sophiswe rhoqo: le ndlela zonyango ngaloo mihla yayigqalwa jikelele. Unobangela yokufa onjengokaMozart, mhlawumbi, ange asekiwe, ukuba uthe wahlala kwinkulungwane xxi. Ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, unyango aba, ukuba bathi mncinane, ukungasebenzi. Isiqinisekiso se ubungqondi yokufa wema: etsolo fever amazimba.

Isifo ubunzima ngexesha ingxenye yabantu Viennese. Indlela ukuluphatha, oogqirha abazi. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba omnye oogqirha, ukutyelela ukufa, begqibile, oko ukusindiswa.

ubuthathaka jikelele

Ubomi Nemisebenzi onjengokaMozart - ngesihloko iincwadi eziliqela, iifilimu documentaries. italente yakhe enqabileyo yafunyanwa esemncinane. Kodwa ngaphandle nobuchule ezizodwa, Mozart, echasene ubulumko eqhelekileyo, ukukhuthala engaqhelekanga. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela Wafa Mozart, loo nto ithetha lukhulu namhlanje. Kukho kwinguqulo le mvumi enkulu ukubamonela Salieri le tyhefu. Kodwa bomhla umqambi babecinga ngokwahlukileyo.

Emva kokufa onjengokaMozart, abanye oogqirha bathi wafa sisifo esibi esosulelayo. Umzimba akakwazanga ukulwa njengokuba ngenxa buthathaka jikelele. A buthathaka emzimbeni uMozart ngenxa iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi ngaphandle ikhefu kunye ukuphumla.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abaphengululi kusiba nzima ukuseka lokufunyaniswa njengemvumi. Xa iirekhodi Sofi Veber kunye nezinye izalamane eziphikisanayo ezininzi. Kuyinto le meko kwaye unokuvelisa eninzi iinguqulelo ngokufa Amadeus Mozart. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye kubo.

Salieri

Version ukuba uMozart wafa ezandleni elinomona, - i ixhaphakileyo. Kwaye ukuba isiseko intlekele Pushkin kaThixo. Ngokutsho oluguqulelo, ubomi nemisebenzi onjengokaMozart Babengqongwe sobuvila. Nature undiphe imvumi okuthiwa italente kakhulu ezenza umzamo efunekayo. Zonke onjengokaMozart waphumelela kwamandla, ngokulula. Kwaye Salieri, phezu koko, ngazo zonke iinzame zabo azibanga nako ukufikelela kunye iqhezu ilusizi oko akwazi Mozart.

Umsebenzi isekelwe lwamabali Pushkin ngayo. Kodwa abafundi abaninzi namhlanje musa ukwahlula iingcinga evela umbhali baqinisekisa izibakala. Heroes Pushkin athi ubuhlakani ububi - amagama ezingahambelaniyo. Xa imisebenzi umbhali Russian elidubulayo onjengokaMozart Salieri ityhefu, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki ungavumelani naye. Ukholelwa ukuba ekuziseni bengasebenzi, kodwa umqambi onesiphiwo babingelela vutshila.

Inkolelo yokuba Salieri ngumbulali, kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona iinguqulelo nayo kuba benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwelinye kumathala icawa yafunyanwa uvumo yakhe, apho wavuma abaguquka emisebenzini yabo. Ukuqinisekiswa yokuba sasikho uxwebhu, akukho. Noko ke, namhlanje uninzi abayithandayo uMozart kaThixo baqinisekile ukuba ubungqondi waba lixhoba umona "oogxa".

Constance

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwale yityhefu. abalandeli bayo bakholelwa ukuba uMozart wathumela ekukhanyeni ngumfazi wakhe. Kwaye pfuna kule omnye abafundi imvumi. Ukuba uyakholwa na amarhe, i ndiyazingca uthando nakwisehlo Constance kunye Zyusmayra ekhatshwa ingcaciso ubudlelwane kunye noxolelwaniso neemvakalelo kakhulu. umfazi othandekayo onjengokaMozart yaba yebhongo kakhulu, ukuba akukho careerist. Wayengenako uqale kakuhle Constance kwisehlo kuphela zekalika ngayo utitshala wakhe omkhulu. Kodwa oko kwakufuneka Zyusmayru ukuba balahle Mozart? Oko bekuya kuba umnike ekufeni kwakhe?

Ukongeza, olu guqulelo mncinci lililo ngenxa yokuba walondoloza idayari yakhe emva kokufa mvumi. Yaye womyoleli ukuba uzinikelo zinzulu nothando ezazikho kusapho Mozart.

ukubulala isiko

Ekugqibeleni, inguqulo entsha. Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kuphela ezo abonakalisa ukufa thina, oku mhlawumbi yeyona zincomeka. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, imvumi enkulu nendawo eyayihlala Masonic. Nabakhi badla ukunceda 'abazalwana' babo. Kodwa abazange kunceda uMozart xa nobunzima kakhulu zemali. Bade indiva ukufa umqambi, hayi irhoxisiwe njengophawu yesijwili intlanganiso elandelayo.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukubulawa injongo uMozart ukuba ukudala ibhokisi. Komnye imisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela - "The Magic nelembande" - kusetyenziswa iisimboli Masonic. Bonisa into efana kokuhlambelayo ayizange yamkelwe. Mhlawumbi uMozart wabulala umninawa wakhe, neengcibi.

sincwatywe

Malunga bamngcwaba uMozart yaziwa apho. Xa emangcwabeni iSt Mark. Umhla ukungcwatywa kuhlala impikiswano. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni - 6 Disemba. Ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba uMozart wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni yenzelwe amahlwempu. Kodwa ke, ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, umngcwabo kwenzeka kudidi lwesithathu. Akuzange kumngcwabo amahlwempu, kodwa hayi opulent ntle umsitho umqambi enkulu, nomdlali kunye notitshala. Njengoko kusoloko kusiba njalo, ubuqaqawuli lokwenyaniso Wolfgang Amadeus uMozart emva kokufa kwakhe weza.