Ulawulo amachiza: indlela. Ulawulo iziyobisi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

iziyobisi kwezonyango emzimbeni unokuwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela kwezinga lolawulo iziyobisi uzimisele ukusebenza enyangayo, namandla aso kunye nexesha. Kwezinye iimeko, indlela apho ichiza wangena umzimba ixhomekeke kuhlobo yezenzo zakhe, yaye ngoko yokubuyisa. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezingundoqo lolawulo yomlomo iziyobisi, yaye ngamnye kubo ubuhle nobubi bayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane oko indlela wolawulo kukhethiwe, kufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni na uhlobo lwamayeza ezikhoyo.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo iziyobisi

Phambi nokuchaza indlela ukuphathwa kweziyobisi kuloo emzimbeni, kufuneka ukwazi uhlobo iziyobisi azikho ntoni, kwaye zininzi:

• Solutions - luhlobo ulwelo lwe ichiza. Zimele into iziyobisi exutywe amanzi, utywala, legliserina okanye enye kuphela. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umgangatho kunye nesisombululo ezinobuhle kufuneka icace, akukho intlenga zinodaka okanye amasuntswana amazwe. Basenokuba enokusetyenziswa yolawulo parenteral kunye enteral.
• Decoctions kunye infusions - ezi mali zilungiselelwa ngezityalo. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zigcinwe ixesha elide, zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-3 endaweni epholileyo, lukhuselwe elangeni.
• Tablets - into eqinileyo amalungiselelo ifomu ezo zifunyenwe ngokucinezela. Ngokusisiseko, ayemka ngomlomo, kodwa ayikwazi kunye indlela engaphandle zokulawula iziyobisi ukuba batyumke ibe ngumgubo.

• Dragee - yenye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo esiqinileyo amayeza iiarhente, zidalwe yi wokulaminetha kukho izinto kumzantsi granule. Isetyenziswa lolawulo ngomlomo.
• Njengezingxobo - uhlobo obuphathekayo ichiza, eli cwecwe isale kwiqokobhe lwe gelatin okanye ezinye izinto. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ichiza list njengezingxobo kunye incasa ekrakra okanye ivumba uphawu iqokobhe ngenxa lula kakhulu yokwamkela ezi ndlela. Ukongeza, it ikuvumela ukuba ukukhusela izinto intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo lokugaya.
• Amakhandlela - uhlobo umthamo ichiza, nothi igumbi lobushushu ingohlobo eziqinileyo, kodwa Inyibilikile ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu. Xa siqwalasela ulawulo imithi, iindlela ukulungiselela amakhandlela ayikhuphi iintlobo ezimbini - into efakwa sangasese.
• Ukutyabeka - iphetshana yeplastiki kuthetha ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo lobushushu emzimbeni wathamba kwaye ngokulula ibambelela esikhumbeni. Ifanele ukuba ukusetyenziswa yangaphandle kuphela.
• Namafutha - esebenzisa guquki viscous, isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa izicelo yaphandle. Kufuneka ibe kumafa yayo malunga-25% eziqinileyo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuphathwa kweziyobisi, sihlolisise ngamnye kubo.

Types of enteral

indlela Enteral lolawulo iziyobisi igqalwa omnye kakhulu lula nekhuselekileyo. Kukho zenyathi ezininzi ngeendlela: zomlomo, sublingual, efakwa.

1. Ulawulo ngomlomo beziyobisi, ngamanye amazwi, yokufakwa - le yenye yeendlela kwecacileyo, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba amaninzi kumiselwe ngoogqirha abaninzi. Nokufunxwa iziyobisi, wafumana le ndlela, ikakhulu ngenxa nokuhanjiswa kwi emathunjini amancinci, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo - esiswini. effect sicelo buqapheleke emva kwemizuzu 30-40. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba indlela loo kaxakeka akafanelanga. Ngesantya kunye nokugqitywa kukufakwa zixhomekeke isidlo, ukwakhiwa kunye nobungakanani. Ngoko ke, ukuba iyeza kusela ungatyanga, kukufakwa uyaphuculwa iziseko buthathaka, njengokuba iasidi esiswini iphantsi, kodwa acid ako ngcono emva kokungenisa. Kodwa kukho ezinye iziyobisi, ezifana "Calcium chloride" okungena emzimbeni emva kokungenisa, kuyaba iityuwa calcium ezingenakunyibilika, enqamla ithuba ukufunxeka abo, aba ligazi.

2. Enye indlela elula esebenzayo yolawulo enteral iziyobisi - sublingual. Iyeza ibekwe phantsi kolwimi, enkosi kuthungelwano enkulu ngcanjana kwi isifo, oko kwetyiswe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Le nguqu lwenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa. Le ndlela nolawulo amaninzi kusetyenziselwa nokusebenzisa "Nitroglycerin" .â € "clonidine" yaye "Nifedipine" ukwenzela ukuphelisa ntlekele unesifo.

3. Indlela efakwa lisusiwe rhoqo kakhulu. Ngokomthetho asisetyenziswa ukuba isigulane onesifo zesisu, okanye ukuba akakho zingqondweni.

Enteral administration: eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Zonke iindlela neendlela zolawulo iziyobisi, kufuneka eziluncedo zabo, babe nabo enteral kufuneka:

• Lula kunye nokusetyenziswa.
• Revalina s.
• Le ngokhuseleko olubonakalayo umguli.
• Kufuneka akukho esweni inzalo ngabasebenzi zonyango.
• Ukuba nokwenzeka unyango ixesha elide.
• Intuthuzelo umguli.

Kodwa kukho kwakhona nezithintelo indlela enteral lolawulo iziyobisi:

• Isiphumo kade.
• bioavailability Low.
• isantya ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugqitywa ukufunxeka.
• Isiphumo isidlo kunye namanye amacandelo kwinkqubo sokufunxa.
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa zizigulane ukwimeko zingqondweni.
• It ayinqweneleki ukusebenzisa izigulane abo izifo esiswini kunye amathumbu.

Forms zolawulo parenteral iziyobisi

Indlela parenteral yolawulo iziyobisi ibandakanya ulawulo iziyobisi ngaphandle ebandakanya inkqubo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Kokuba zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela.

Eli laphu:

• Intradermally - Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi iinjongo diagnostic, umzekelo uvavanyo nezidlo Burne okanye Ukubulawa zasekuhlaleni.
• SC - kusetyenziswa xa ufuna ukufumana isiphumo iphezulu ichiza. Oku kuphunyezwa kuba amanqatha umaleko ongama unikwe neempahla kakuhle, yaye ixhasa ukufunxeka ngokukhawuleza.
• Intramuscularly - kusetyenziswa xa inaliti ongama ebangela ukuphazamiseka okanye iintlungu, ngokunjalo ichiza ngokwayo kancinane ako.

• Ofaka - le ndlela isetyenziswa kungafane, ubukhulu becala eshe olubanzi kunye nomlenze deformation xa ezinye iinketho ayikwazi isicelo.

Ukuba kufuneka ulawulo iziyobisi, nditsho indlela ecanda iimpahla zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• IV - Le ndlela le isetyenziswa ukwazisa inani elikhulu iziyobisi kunye nezinye iziyobisi abe imfuneko olunjalo oluzakusetyenziswa.

• Intraarterially - isicelo kwi iimeko terminal, ezo zibangelwa nothuke, ilahleko enkulu igazi, zizalwa, electrocution kwentlungu, ukunxila kunye nezifo.
• Iimpahla emithanjeni - le ndlela isetyenziswa ukwenza amayeza musa awele kwesibindi kunye nezintso, ukunika hits echanekileyo ngakumbi ukuya kwisiza Isifo.

Akusoloko kulula ulawulo intravascular iziyobisi, kungakhokelela indlela ngokusebenzisa lweHo-:

• Pleural.
• Kwamathumbu.
• Heart.
• Articular.

Parenteral administration: nobubi

ulawulo Parenteral zinezibonelelo ezininzi:

• Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuba kungafundiswa ichiza yokucima iphecana wokudla, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwizigulana ezimbi kakhulu esiswini.
• Isantya amanyathelo kuyafuneka likaxakeka.
• Le nomthamo Ukuchaneka eliphezulu.
• Ukufunyanwa ichiza kwi egazini ngohlobo ingaguqukanga.

Indlela parenteral yolawulo of imithi uye neengxaki ezininzi:

• iziyobisi olugunyazisiweyo kufuneka ilawulwe lukagqirha aqeqeshiwe.
• Kufuneka athobele aseptic kunye kubola.
• Ubunzima kulawulwe iziyobisi nokuba ezingenakwenzeka nokopha, izitshanguba ulusu kuyo inaliti.

inhalation

indlela imuncwe ulawulo iziyobisi ungasetyenziswa kunyango ulwelo, iigesi (ebulala zingazinzanga) kunye nemigubo (sodium cromoglycate). Ngale ndlela zolawulo ichiza ukufumana ngaphakathi ngokukhawuleza aze asebenzise neziphumo zazo nezinyangayo. Ngaphezu koko, kulula lulawulo arhente yoxinaniso egazini - ekumeni inhalation kukhokelela kokunqunyanyiswa ichiza. Nge inhalation zetoti xiyimiso kuthetha kwi bronchi eziphakamileyo kakhulu otheni ukusebenza systemic.

Kodwa asimele silibale ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba inhalation ukuba siphumelele, oku akuthethi ukuba ukusebenzisa etyabulayo. Kufuneka kwakhona Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba amachiza ukurhogele bangenza nabanye (umz, Ukubulawa).

Iingenelo neengozi inhalation

Siyaqhuba ukuba siqwalasele iindlela zolawulo iziyobisi. Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo yendlela inhalation. pluses inhalation:

• Esebenza ngqo kwi ngezifo site.
• Ichiza kungaba lula ukungena kwisayithi ka ukudumba, isibindi udlula kutshintsha ebangela eyavela enkulu egazini.

Bendlela inhalation:

• Ukuba kakuhle kakhulu patency inyumoniya, ichiza ungena kakuhle kungena site sifo.
• Le imixube kabi impumlo, umlomo nomqala.

Indlela engundoqo kulawulo iziyobisi ingqalelo, kodwa kukho abanye nazo kwezinye iimeko abe ufunwayo.

iindlela efakwa, lobufazi kwaye urethral kulawulo

Xa sithelekisa indlela efakwa lolawulo iziyobisi ukuya kulawulo somlomo, kuyenzeka ukuba bathi kanye yintoni umphumo indlela lokuqala lwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ichiza ngokukhawuleza iye yangena egazini ngaphandle kokuba kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha elifanayo phantsi yintshukumo enzayim ye wokugaya wesibindi.

suppositories efakwa elawulwa kwi emzimbeni, namafutha aqholiweyo, kunye nezinye iintlobo amalungiselelo, ngaphambili ungacolwanga aze axutywe namanzi, eli xesha kunye enemas. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isisombululo waqalisa rectally, kuyisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu khandlela. enemas ukubana ngokuba omdala 50 ukuya 100 ml, nabantwana - 10 ukuya ml-30. Kodwa le ndlela yolawulo iziyobisi kubakho nobubi:

• isicelo alale.
• nokunyuka rate ezizodwa kunye umfanekiso opheleleyo sokufunxa.

Kungenxa yoko le ndlela efakwa lolawulo kucetyiswa kuphela kwiimeko apho kulawulo somlomo inzima xa kufuneka ukubetha ichiza ngokukhawuleza kwi egazini kwaye izitofu ezo contraindicated ngenxa yesizathu esithile okanye enye.

Ikhondomu kunye neendlela urethral kuvumela ukuba azise nayiphi na amalungiselelo. Noko ke, indlela ukunika xa isicelo unyango lwezifo kwezi amalungu okanye ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo, umzekelo yeyomsebenzi wolawulo lwe-arhente koko, ezifana "yodamid" "Triombrast" kunye nabanye iziphumo ezingcono.

indlela spinal kunye intracranial kulawulo

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa (suboccipital, subarachnoid, subdural, njl) inaliti intracranial spinal. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba iindlela ezinjalo ukwazisa ichiza kufuneka afaneleke kuphela. iindlela zifuna ukusetyenziswa kuphela ludlolo, ngaphaya ngokupheleleyo izisombululo okwenyaniso zolwelo kunye yokusabela cala. Intshukumo kufika ngokukhawuleza.

Transdermal Iinkqubo zonyango

Kutshanje kukho iziyobisi ngendlela entsha. Transdermal Iinkqubo zonyango (TTS) - omnye wabo. Athambe, ifomu idosi lulungiselelwe ukuba isicelo zangaphandle ukukhululwa kade ukwimo iziyobisi. TTC Modern - lo mboniso, yaye amabala ukuba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa: nesiziba ngqo le eluswini kunye umboniso walala emhlathini. Apho impahla esisiseko ifunxwe angena egazini esikhumbeni okanye isifo.

Oogqirha abaninzi emhlabeni wonke kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngakumbi nangakumbi intlawulo ingqalelo kwindlela entsha yolawulo iziyobisi. Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kuba wonke umntu, kuquka ne TTC. Cinga pluses:

• Medicine usebenza ngesantya olukhawulezisiweyo.
• Ichiza ubengena negazi ngokucotha ngaphandle ikhefu, evumela ukuba inqanaba ezinzileyo yesixhobo isiseko.
• mizwa ekhathazayo abafakwanga ngokupheleleyo, oku kubhekisela ubuqhophololo, kwaye intlungu evela izitofu.
• Ukungabikho epheleleyo iziphumo ezibi inxalenye lokugaya.
• Ukunciphisa esasidla uyaliwa.
• Ukuba nokwenzeka ukurhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza ichiza, xa ngequbuliso kukho contraindication.
• Oyidlayo ngqo.
• Ukuze aveze unikezelo iyeza inxalenye zinqwenelekayo lomzimba.

Ngalinye iindlela ezichazwe wolawulo iziyobisi kuye nobubi bayo kunye bendlela. Kodwa enoba ezilungileyo yaba ndlela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kufuneka amisele ugqirha, kwaye kungakuhle ukuba iindlela kakhulu entsonkothileyo yaye kunqabile yolawulo olwenziwe umntu oqeqeshelwe ngokukodwa kwindawo yonyango. Thatha care of wena, ukuba angabi ube ucinga, yintoni eyisa ichiza emzimbeni.