Ukusebenza Barnum e psychology: imizekelo, umxholo, ukusetyenziswa

isiphumo Barnum - le yindlela yokuntlokothiswa engqondweni (sesichengeni human) esebenzisa amabinzana kunye neempawu ngokubanzi. Ngowe-1830 wayesebenza isekisi master eneqikili Phineas Taylor Barnum, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni yaye igama le ndlela kolawulo lomntu. Elinye igama - isiphumo Forer, imbeko ngengqondo odumileyo Bertram Forer. Uye wafunda elide isiphumo Barnum bazama.

Line Fine

Njengoko usazi, abantu wayeyoliswa kakhulu nobugqi, umlingo nokuvumisa. le kuphela kwendlela yokufumana ngethemba lokuba izinto ziza kuba omhle kubantu ababuthathaka. Predictions ukunika amandla kunye nokuzithemba elizayo kuzo. Kulo mdlalo kunye zabakhohlisi balahlekise amaxhoba wabo nokuvumisa ezahlukeneyo. Mhlawumbi Mabangalalelwa ukuze ihlabathi libe yinto limangalisa yaye kungakholeleki, kodwa bonke abo ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba kubona yonke imihla kwi-intanethi okanye kwiimagazini ukufunda, ukudala, kunokuba isiphumo Barnum kunokuba eneneni kunjalo. Oku kusebenza uninzi iimvavanyo, apho zifumaneka kumaphepha-ndaba kunye kwiisayithi ezahlukeneyo. Materials equka iisayikholojisti abanamava kunye noogqirha of Sciences, A uninzi amatyala bakude inyaniso.

wenza njani ukuphululwa

Le nguqu Barnum, akukho nto inzima okanye ayaziwa, yonke into icacile ngalo mbandela. Ngelo xesha, Forer, osebenza kwi-Institute, luqhutyelwe kumava zengqondo zabafundi. Wabavavanya izityholo zakhe (imibuzo yesiqhelo elula), yaye emva koko kuthunyelwa japan ngamnye izityholo, xa enyanisweni, bonke abafundi bafumana impendulo efanayo. Emva koko wacela ukuba makanikelwe uluvo (ubuninzi iibhola 5), nto leyo iya kubonisa uvavanyo kwaba yinyaniso kangakanani. Abafundi babeka kwi-avareji amanqaku 4, nto leyo ethetha ukuba xa kwisivumelwano kunye inkcazelo ubuntu babo. Le experiment ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela isiphumo Barnum in bengqondo. Umzekelo zolu vavanyo ingqina ukuba Forer wakwazi ukubonisa abafundi ukuba ngenene wenza ukuba japan ngamnye ngamnye.

Umbhalo Amanqaku abafundi

iimpawu zetekisi into efana nale: "Kufuneka ukuba abanye abantu ndanithandayo nina. Wena usoloko kuhlolwe ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yabo, kwaye abanye babo awusebenzisi amandla ngokupheleleyo. Nangona ukuba banobuthathaka ezithile, unako Thulisa kubo yaye ukufumana iziphumo. Wakuyikhangela bazithembe kakhulu kwaye kukho ucwangco, egeza, wena basemngciphekweni kakhulu nemincili. Lidla abayithobanga ngokuthandabuza ukuchaneka sigqibo, kodwa into kwenziwe kwenziwa. Wena Siyazingca kakhulu, owenza zonke izigqibo ngokwabo kwaye Akaphenjelelwa evela ngaphandle. " Lo mbhalo weza phantsi inkcazelo yomntu 80% yabafundi, kwaye, kakade, wafaka amanqaku aphezulu.

Yintoni abantu bakholelwa

Kuqala kwinto zonke, siphawula ukuba abantu bakholelwa kuphela umntu ebonakala kubo onegunya. Oko kukuthi, abafundi uthembe Forero kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, bakholwa kwiziphumo zovavanyo kunye iimpawu ukuba Kuthiwa. Ukongeza, utitshala baqiniseka abafundi ukuba inkcazelo nganye zabuya ngamnye. Le ndlela njalo kuyabachukumisa abantu yaye ebangela ukuba bakholelwe ukuchana ulwazi. Barnum ukusebenza, imizekelo apho zifumaneka kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokufuthi ingalandwa ngokufunda nokuvumisa ngazo. Okunye ehlekisayo babonakala uphawu lwegazi umbala iliso, kodwa, nangona oku, abantu abaninzi kodwa sivumelane nawo, nikholwe kuzo,.

Yinto enye into xa umntu ebona lokuma kwiphephandaba okanye uphawu: kubonakala sikholiwe, ukubhala, kodwa abanye babethandabuza. Enoba kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukumlimaza. Nanku omnye umzekelo: umhlobo wakho ukuxelela ukuba ukufunda izinto ezifihlakeleyo ngeenkwenkwezi kwaye ngoku ukulungele ukwenza lokuma lobuqu kuwe. Ukuba akunguye Ndisemathidala ngokupheleleyo, uya uyavuma, ubuncinane ngenxa ukwazi, yaye, bakuwubona okubhaliweyo ngamabinzana standard apho badibana Forer izinto experiment kusenokwenzeka ukukholelwa ukuba ichanekile. Nendlela Yayingekho enye indlela? Emva ezihambelana zabuya i umntu onegunya kunye nawe. Kwaye nantsi elinye icala le ngqekembe: kwi nokuvumisa lobuqu kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula imali - kukho into emhlabeni nokuthengisa ubuxoki.

kuphela HIV

into umdla kakhulu isiphumo Barnum, i mazwi. Yiloo nto ke ibinzana nabaphilileyo ngeenkwenkwezi kunye noqikelelo angafanele ngokubanzi. Bakholelwa kakhulu lula. Ubuchopho bomntu yenzelwe ukwenzela ukuba ulungele ukwamkela self-ukugxekwa akusoloko kwaye hayi bonke. Ukuba ubani kukwazisa ngezinye iimpawu ezingalunganga lomlinganiswa (leyo ukuyo umntu wanikwa), kungenzeka uya kundikhanyela ngayo. Enye into - iimpawu ezintle, ogudileyo kubantu bonke abawevayo kubo.

isiphumo Barnum: ukusetyenziswa

Kubonakala ngathi le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ngokubanzi, kodwa ke akunjalo, hayi kanye mandithi, hayi kanye. ukusebenza Forer - Barnum uba ithandwa enkulu phakathi amaqhetseba kuba nje abantu abazi lukhulu ngaye. Ziziphi iinkalo zobomi kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana? Kuyinto ngeenkwenkwezi, iimpawu igama, iqela gazi, iinkonzo zobugqi, yamanani, amakhadi bhula, runes, amabala ikofu, njl Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba bonke abenzi bemilingo -. Bengenalo kwaye zonke ngeenkwenkwezi - ubuxoki. Entsimini nganye kukho zombini iinkosi of ubugcisa babo, okanye nje abo kule imali.

Yintoni eyona nto ingenzeka

Kakade ke, nokuvumisa apho ufunda yonke imihla nge e-mail, ngokupheleleyo akukho nto yingozi. He kukunika ithemba, inceda Waphupha, yaye liyoyikeka kakhulu. Kodwa kukho ihlawulwa iinkonzo kwiinkalo ngeenkwenkwezi kunye umlingo. Ezinye ehamba uthathe imali, koko ndithetha kuphela amabinzana ethile, kwaye weRock zobuqu nga kuzotywa ngokusekelwe isiphumo Barnum yaye ngaloo ndlela kubiza idenariyo entle. Kunjalo, umzekelo, ukufunda intende. Umntu ungajonga kwi Umgca elide fancy isandla sakho, uthi ukuba abanetalente, impumelelo, kodwa hayi zonke amaphupha kuzaliseka, yaye xa ukuthatha nawe kwisingxobo mda imali. ukusebenza Barnum kwi psychology ngenxa yokuba abantu kakuhle kakhulu kwizinto apho baya zihlawulwa. Abaninzi bathi ngale ndlela: "Ukuba ulwazi ibiza imali, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo liyinyaniso."

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uzikhusele ubuqhophololo?

Kakade ke, kunokwenzeka, kwaye kukho inani elikhulu ngeendlela. Eyona yokuqala nesebenza - ukuba abe Ndisemathidala. Kutheni bathembele yangaphambili sabasemzini, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulawula ikamva labo? abagxeki abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba abantu elijongene kwenzeka ntoni kuye okanye kuya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Abayi ukukhangela izaba inyanga ngokupheleleyo okanye uphawu ezibuthathaka lasezulwini, kuba siyazi ukuba xa senze impazamo, ukuba kuphela ityala labo kunye isiphene.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke bazalwa abagxeki. Kwihlabathi romantics ezininzi kangaka kunye namaphupho. Abantu bahlala kwaye bakholelwa ukuba singqongwe imimangaliso. Bacinga ukuba, ukwazi ikamva labo, baya kuba nako ukuphepha iimpazamo. Baya dream ukuze bafunde bonke ngeziqu zabo kunye nabo babathandayo nokuthintela zonke iziganeko ezimbi. Iinkolelo wongeza ubomi babantu yepeyinti kunye namava amatsha. Kulungile, ukhetho lwabo. Kodwa lowo mphuphi akazange avuke ku bangenanyani bait kufuneka ukwazi izinto ezithile ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphepha imigibe

1. Kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kumntu lowo ucebisa wena, okanye ndinixelele indlela anxiba, yintoni na indlela yonxibelelwano yayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, omninzi zabakhohlisi yaye ngokukhawuleza bathi. They sukela kunye 'ukungxama kakhulu.
2. Ungaze ukunika ngokwayo nayiphi na idata. Ubuncinane - ligama kunye nomhla wokuzalwa, yonke enye into kufuneka athi nabakhwitsi ngokwakhe. Ukuba ayithanga igama naziphi na iziganeko ezithile ebomini bakho, yagaleleka ngeenxa etyholweni, limited hackneyed, amabinzana ethile, unokuqiniseka: namkela kwi nabakhohlisi.
3. A nabakhwitsi elungileyo nabakhwitsi kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba bakuxelele ukuba siqale nto sele uyazi: isimo sakho bomtshato, inani labantwana, ububanzi bomsebenzi, iingxaki ezikhoyo loo nto. Ukuba uxelela lonke ulwazi kuphela nje okanye Julita, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akhohlise kuwe. Hi xikombiso, le nabakhwitsi uyabuza: "Ngaba utshatile?" Uphendule negative, yaye uthi: "Ndiyabona ukuba le nto uza kwenzeka" (nangona wena umyeni-ngokwenene ayikho), uyazi, oku akulindelekanga ukuba kusengaphambili, kunokuba - isiphumo Barnum. Ngapha koko, nayiphi na umfazi elinye bangathanda ukuba babe nosapho.
4. Zama ukusebenzisa nentekelelo komnye umntu. Ukuba kuni oko nakuvayo, uyakwazi uxelele ngokulula nabani na omnye - kuwe nakanjani isibhanxa.
5. yolwamkelo Good kwi isiphumo Barnum amabinzana ezifana "Uya kuphumelela," "Ukuba uyazingisa, okanye ufake kwi umgudu, ufumana le nto uyifunayo." Zonke ezi esiwasebenzisayo generic ziyilungele phantse nabani.

Icala ezilungileyo ingqekembe

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isiphumo Barnum amaninzi asetyenziswa kunye ububi, oko linokusetyenziswa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle. Sithetha kwimeko apho kufuneka ukuxhasa umntu ngomzuzwana enzima. ukusebenza Barnum, umxholo leyo kwibinzana ngokubanzi kungazisa kakuhle kakhulu ukuzithemba nakubani.

Ngokomzekelo, intombi yakho indicaphukisayo iingxaki emsebenzini: boss inono kuye, yena akazange ukuya ndidlalele iqela. Zama ukuxhasa kuyo, umzekelo, ungathi, "Makhe sibone sokuzalwa okanye enkulu kuwe, okanye ndiza ucele eziqhelekileyo ithamsanqa-mathamsanqa." Okulandelayo, yenza umhlobo ukuba impendulo yakho malunga nale umbhalo: "Le veki, nizele amandla, yonke imigudu ukuba uya kwenza emsebenzini, nakanjani nemiphumo emihle. Wena uyindoda abanetalente kwaye ikrelekrele, kodwa musa ukusebenzisa bafikelele kwimpuhle yabo epheleleyo. Ngokuvula wena ngokupheleleyo, uya kukwazi sizalisekise amaphupha lalinamandla ... "uze ufunde sokuzalwa kwakhe.

izakhi enjalo kwengqondo kuya kunceda umntu aphinde nokuzethemba baze bafumane izakhono zabo ngokupheleleyo. ukusebenza Barnum onokufaniswa ziimpembelelo ze-placebo. Zisebenza ngendlela efanayo: generic amabinzana ezifanelekileyo kuye nawuphi na umntu - ukuba cwecwe enye ungenanto, ekwaziyo ukwenza imimangaliso. Nakowuphi na umzekelo, ukuba le ndlela isetyenziswa nje ngoncedo, akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngaloo nto. Njengoko iinjengele enkulu: "onibonisileyo - ubizwa forearmed", nokuba isiphumo Barnum ayisebenzi nabantu abamaziyo ngaye. Kunzima ukubamba umntu onolwazi ngokwaneleyo ngale ndlela yokuntlokothiswa.