Ukudala itafile kwi SQL Yenza data Table

Database, njengoko zabo uyondelelwano lwee- ulwazi lubalulekile, kwaye ngaphandle kwazo akakwazi ukwenza neyona projekti incinane nakanye. Njani ngempumelelo Bacinge isakhiwo, iitheyibhile eyenzelwe kakuhle, unxibelelwano elicwangcisiweyo - luxhomekeke kwindlela isampula / bhala ulwazi, ukuthembeka data, akuqinisekisi nakwenzeka umonakalo ngengozi, ukufumaneka ukubuyisela ngemva, ukuphelela lwesivumelwano nganye - kwaye ke impumelelo kulo lonke.

Idathabheyisi ngokuyintloko - ingcamango ingqiqo, intshumayelo lolwazi, kwaye ingqiqo ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumsebenzi othile.

Simple ratio ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo =

ingcamango zonxulumelwano zihlanganise ngokucacileyo data akuyona indlela engcono, kodwa ngokuqiniseka ukubamba izikhundla zabo eminyaka. Njengoko iifektri ekuveliseni ukutya nempahla ebalulekileyo kumboleki, ukuba zifuneka ngokuqinisekileyo.

iingcamango olululo ulwazi eneneni amaxesha amaninzi wathi ilungelo labo ubomi, kodwa namhla wasilela ukunikezela ubungqina ebonakalayo ubukho ilungelo elinjalo. Njengesiqhelo, elula - isitshixo empumelelweni. Noko ke, isihloko ubudlelwane kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto data - amanqaku, kunye neenkqubo ezisemajukujukwini ulwazi - nangoku uzele amabala amhlophe kunye izimanga umdla.

Ukusebenzisa isakhiwo esilula I SQL yam ukwenza itheyibhile kukhokelela nokusekwa lula futhi ukusebenzisa ngayo iitafile, ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki umda. Qala ngokusebenzisa "izihlunu" ilula kakhulu, kodwa emva kokuba iitafile zokuqala ezilishumi yonxulumano zonxulumelwano kunokubangela sengqondo eyahlukileyo kulwazi, intshumayelo, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Okwethutyana, olawulwa kwaye rhoqo

ngongoma eqalise: "isakhiwo esisiseko" iikhonsepthi database ngaphandle inxaxheba I SQL yam, nto leyo eza ubomi kunye iinkqubo intanethi yaye sele yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuyo. Dynamic, ubugcisa bale mihla eye wavumela ledatha ukuba uzilo, ethembekileyo kwaye olusebenzayo, kulula ukufunda nokusebenzisa.

Ukongeza kule tafile eziphambili ukudala uyilo itheyibhile I SQL yam okwethutyana kuvumela uhlelo ukudala okwexeshana izakhiwo data zikhona ngexesha intlanganiso yangoku, utyelelo ngumsebenzisi othile, isenzeko isiganeko esithile.

Ukuba phambi kokuba iitafile kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo ziphathwa njengento zingenakuphikwa, kodwa ngoku akusekho yamkelwe database qinile ukubhekisela izinto ezibalulekileyo. Eli linyathelo nje ukuze ukuqonda isakhiwo ulwazi olufunekayo ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Ngokunika isixhobo ukudala iitheyibhile yethutyana, ukwenza itheyibhile yethutyana, I SQL yam likuvumela ukwahlula kuvimba kumacandelo ezimile kunye neguquguqukayo. Unganqakraza kwigama iindidi kwimihlaba kwitheyibhile, uhlelo ungakwazi ukulawula ukuchaneka nokubunjwa kwayo. Ukusebenzisa I SQL yam ukudala itheyibhile yoyilo ngetshekhi, ukuba umyili ungacacisa iimeko nangokundizalisa emasimini. Nangona olu khetho - kunokuba ithuba lula ukudluliselwa loyilo kwezinye neziyelelane SQL.

Space ulwazi: imigaqo kunye neenkqubo

Kwiprojekthi nganye, nokuba isiza lonke, iphepha elilodwa okanye algorithm elula, ibekwe kwindawo ethile kwindawo ethile inkcazelo. "Idilesi" le ndawo - umsebenzi othile, iimeko ubukho algorithm: isakhiwo ulwazi ugwebu nokukhupha, yenza inkqubo ukuguqulwa.

Nangona kunjalo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba balandele imigaqo I SQL yam, ukudala itafile akakwazi ukwenza oko ngokungqinelana ezinesintaksi.

Kulo mzekelo, code_back intsimi, session_code owner_code ukuchaza izitshixo waza wabuyela ngokulandelelanayo, yaye iseshoni client. Kungekuphela ukusetyenziswa uguqulelo olungabuyeli umgangatho I SQL yam ukudala itafile, isitshixo apha asixhomekekanga lentsimi yayo lobuchule, ayiqabe phakathi kwentsingiselo: imbuyekezo ikhowudi kwimeko non-ukugqitywa komcimbi, ikhowudi esebenzayo client kunye nekhowudi seshoni, esenokuba ezininzi iklayenti, kodwa kuxhomekeke kuyo, khona ikhowudi iza kuhamba ulawulo ukubuya.

Kukho kwakhona kusetyenziswe non-esezantsi amasimi h_code, a_contents kunye a_surprise. Apha ukudala itheyibhile I SQL yam umzekelo wendlela endle omnye idata, kunye semantics. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko apho une itafile yabaxumi, kububulumko ukwenza i cache inxalenye esebenzayo ze table. Oku akuthethi ukuba ndiyenze sokuqala nesakhiwo sedata eyaneleyo. Umzekelo, a_contents Iziqulatho intsimi: igama, igama, i-imeyile, kunye a_surprise intsimi - imeko yangoku umsebenzisi.

Le a_contents mbono kunye / okanye a_surprise

ngobuwena enjalo ayifuni ufikelelo etafileni engundoqo, nto leyo ibe nkulu, ibe nzima, kwaye uya kuvalela encinane, equlethe iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kuphela. Apha ukudala itheyibhile I SQL - umzekelo yintoni enokwenziwa igalelo igama umthengi kunye nephasiwedi, okanye igama ne e-mail ngendlela elula: (a_contents ezifana '{$ cUserName}; {$ cUserPass}%) okanye (a_contents efana'% {$ cUserPass}; {$ cUserName} ').

Kulo mzekelo, usebenzisa owakhe umsebenzi check yalo kwetafile: scTableExists ( 'rm_cache') ngokungathi etafileni ayikho, kuya kufuneka nje ukudala, kodwa kwakhona ukuba bakhumbuze, umzekelo, iingxelo zokuqala ezimbalwa kunye abalawuli data resource.

lobeko Standard ukwenza itheyibhile ukuba ikhona I SQL yam ngobuwena ezidluliswa limited nokufumaneka itafile kunye nokusekwa yayo xa engekho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko akwanelanga. Asimele khangela kuphela etafileni, kodwa kwakhona ufake kulo ulwazi sokuqala.

uhlobo iseli elula

Ingakumbi I SQL yam ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi, ingakumbi PHP, ngokuqhelekileyo kunciphisa inani idatha ethandwayo: kuqala, netipirovannostyu variables yayo. Le strings ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo, njengoko kuyimfuneko - inani kunye nomhla, maxa wambi data ubhalo. amathuba echaza data kwi SQL yam ukudala etafileni iqulethe kunqabile. Nangona yokugqibela umiselwa ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe. Ungasebenzisa lonke uluhlu lwe data nge ukwenza itheyibhile I SQL yam, umzekelo - naluphi na ulawulo lwesiqulatho inkqubo website mihla.

Yintoni nokuba ukusebenzisa njani - ichaza umqambi. Ngelo thuba, ngokutsho Wikipedia, umthamo kunye nesantya iimpawu ze SQL yam uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ubungqola kakhulu capacious uMthengi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amava lomphuhlisi esetyenzisiweyo. Xa kusetyenziswa kwi SQL yam ukwenza itheyibhile engagqibekanga-ipha ukwenza ecocekileyo (iitheyibhile nokungabinanto) ngee iiseli ubude bume kwaye ukwenza isiqulatho onamandla kule nkqubo.

nesakhiwo sedata Complex

Ukuqhelaniswa kwiindidi data elula, umqolo wokuqala, kukhokelele ekwandeni umdla kuyilo ukwaziswa izinto ukuba xa sisebenza kunye ledatha aguqulwa zogcino kwi imitya eziphambili, amanani (nezalathiso - amaninzi), imihla, yaye "data big" - imifanekiso , izandi, esinye isiqulatho capacious. Apha limi i ukudala SQL Le theyibhile i I SQL yam phantse akukho imida. Ngokuba zonke ekunyaniseni nokufikeleleka "izihlunu" umdwelisi nkqubo unayo yayo amandla ngokupheleleyo SQL lokwenene.

Xa ubajongile elula ngokwemiqathango uhlobo sedata amalahle okanye varchar ukuguquka kule algorithm lokufunda into epheleleyo - isakhiwo data entsonkothileyo (iipropati, iindlela, kwezivakalisi kunye semantics), kwaye xa ebhala kwakhona nithathele kwifomu compact, eli yayo emiselwe yi umqambi.

Le yunithi table

umhlathi kuphela, imigca kuphela elementi enye kuphela kwikona zabo, yaye kuphela olunye uhlobo - cell. Nguwo lo umthetho isakhiwo I SQL yam esisiseko "ukudala itafile". Akukho Uhlobo data I SQL yam ayikho yokuqala: inani, umlinganiswa string, umhla ... Ayiyi- landela ukusuka lwesivakalisi, kodwa kwenzeka xa befundisa.

Umdwelisi nkqubo iseli ukutolika bangamelana kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwento, ngenxa neemfuno zomsebenzi. Ngokwembono kuvimba ukuba "naluphi na udidi" - yomgca.

Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, nendlela yokusebenzisa umphuhlisi angathanda. Kubalulekile ukuba ngeli ixesha (ngokutsho Wikipedia) umthamo kunye Isantya I SQL yam parameters kunokwanelisa ubungqola kakhulu capacious uMthengi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amava lomphuhlisi esetyenzisiweyo.

"Ukunamathela" ezi itheyibhile elula kakhulu, amalungiselelo eyona ndlela elula. Ukuba umphuhlisi ubeka kuzo zonke iinkalo intsingiselo efanelekileyo, Ulala oko ifemu okanye varchar uhlobo ngaphakathi yakho SQL yam ukwenza itheyibhile syntax, i table iya kusebenza.

itheyibhile integer

Kwakhona sifanele sithethe malunga nezalathiso kwi SQL. Yenza itheyibhile ikuvumela ukuba ukuchaza ngoko nangoko kwaye usebenzise ukufikelela imithamo ezinkulu data. Le ndlela kuyaqondakala kakhulu, abaziqhelileyo egqibelele kwiinkcukacha ezinjalo ukuba ifoun kuxhomekeke kwisantya CPU, iisampulu esisikhupheli sokuxhaphakileyo artful ubuchule bokubala rhoqo ekhethiweyo ukuhlela data php.ini, my.ini kunye httpd.

Ngelo xesha, ayikho into ethintela umqambi ukuyila imbono yakho "Data" eyakho - "zizitshixo data" ukuze kube lula elipheleleyo - akukho imiqolo kwindlela yemigca, amanani kuphela. A micro ukwenza itheyibhile int I SQL yam iya kubonelela bonke abanye eyimfuneko kule theyibhile: ukufikelela lula, operation elula, ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngesantya efanelekileyo.

Integers, salungelelaniswa amakhadi data wokwenene iitafile ezinkulu enkulu, liza kukhawulezisa ukhetho kanye ukuguqulwa kolwazi ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki. Ukukhetha ukudala luguqulelo oluphambi iqhosha lokufikelela ngalo lonke ixesha lo msebenzi, ungasebenzisa i ukudala isakhiwo itheyibhile yethutyana, I SQL yam kudala itafile okwethutyana ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Okanye, umzekelo, ukuze umsebenzisi ngamnye - etafileni isitshixo.

Kule meko, i lwesivakalisi ayikho kuboniswe ukusetyenziswa ukwenza itheyibhile ukuba ikhona I SQL yam ikuvumela ukuba ukudala tafile kuyimfuneko, nokuba xa engekho engalindelekanga, umzekelo, yaba igalelo / output okanye ikhompyutha kweemoto ayilunganga, kunye Indexing iphazamisekile.

Ezi zinto amkele - I SQL yam +

Ngokwembali, database isakhiwo data lebyi. Design M ySQL ukwenza itheyibhile ekuqaleni balandela izinto classical lwe data kwaye yendawo yabo isithuba kwidiski. lwenkqubo Internet, kwaye ngaphezu zonke iinketho ukusingatha kunye ingqiqo kwenkqubo yolawulo umxholo ezithandwayo, wenza engaqhelekanga, xa uqala kuqala, ukubana: base omnye ube ukuhlanganiswa eziliqela. Ukuhlukana phezu kwetafile isimaphambili Igama.

Abanye ababoneleli ibamba ziye zamiselwa kuvimba amagama neemfuno zabo, njenge gama database luqala igama ibamba yomnikazi.

Ubukhulu becala, akunamsebenzi oko kubiza ledatha nendlela kumbiza itafile. Nangona kunjalo, le meko waqala ukumela hayi nje SQL yam kwezivakalisi kunye neemfuno amkele kwezivakalisi dibanisa, okt I SQL yam +.

A itafile encinane, lula ezihlelwe ngayo, yaye ngaphantsi ingxelo, lo kunakuqala kubhaliwe ingenisa ulwimi lokuprograma apho izenzo ezinqwenelekayo lwenziwa kunye data.

Enyanisweni, nawuphi na umsebenzi kulula ukuba ukupeyinta zibe kumacandelo samabanga aphantsi, umbuzo kuphela, angaxabisa malini elula.

Ukuba ufuna SQL yam ecocekileyo, nto ngokwakhe ibamba umncedisi wakho, apho liya kuba kungekho miqobo uninzi lweenkcukacha okanye imigaqo awabize ngagama kunye neetafile sobulungu apho.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo iinguqulelo ze Apache / MySQL / PHP

Ukuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo ukusingatha - ungazikhathazi kangako, njengoko yinto ebalulekileyo yokwenza ukuba iinkqubo ukuzithethelela mihla. Unga bhala kwi PHP 7.0.13, sebenzisa I SQL yam 5.7.16, kodwa umthengi liya kubamba, ngokuvumela kuphela yinguqulelo Perl and "imisipha" 4.1.1 okanye oludala PHP.

Ngokubanzi (leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, akukho enyanisweni) ibamba ziyafumaneka kwi Linux, FreeBSD, Ubuntu kunye neenkqubo nezinye ukwahlukahlukana yunikosopodobnyh. Bonke zizakusebenza kakuhle, kodwa elowo kubo uneempawu zawo, kwiinguqulelo zabo lweendibano AMP (Apache, I SQL yam, PHP). Akusoloko hayi zonke iqela liza kusebenza kwi kwinguqulelo elandelayo, nangona yena wayesebenza ezidlulileyo.

Loo msebenzi elula nje kumazwe ledatha naluphi uguqulelo lwe SQL yam wenza ngaphandle iingxaki, zombini ukusuka Import phpMyAdmin, kwaye kwilayini yomyalelo. imisebenzi Iinkcukacha yokungenisa nga ha endleka. Usoloko awunaku yitshintsha into PHP yakho, umncedisi we SQL yam okanye Apache. Ukuba utshintsho awakuncedi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ufune ezinye.

Le nyaniso icace gca, umsebenzi ingenziwa ngokuthi ulungise database, ulwimi lokuprograma okanye umncedisi. Asiyiyo isisombululo ilungileyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo olusebenzayo.

Indalo database / itheyibhile yosebenzo

Yobeko I SQL yam ukudala itafile abafane esebenzayo ngobuwena yayo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba akukho ngazo ngokwemeko inkqubo ethandwa ulawulo lwesiqulatho; khona apho kuya kusoloko kubakho ezaziwa uhlobo. Umsebenzi imihla ulula siqonde ukuba kwimeko yokusebenza: eyiphi imihlaba ziyafuneka itafile, ekufuneka ibenodidi kunye nobukhulu. Le lokuphumla kufuneka ukulungisa inkqubo yophuhliso: iqela lomsebenzi, uhlobo umyalelo, izitshixo.

Elilelona luguqulelo le algorithm, apho nkqu yokusilela database akuyiphazamisi isiza ukuqalisa. Unakho ukubhala umsebenzi wakho khangela ledatha kunye / okanye kwetafile xa ufuna ukwenza amaqela ulwazi nje kuphela, kodwa ukuba bazalise iinkcukacha zabo kokuqala.

Kaninzi usebenzisa uthotho lwemisebenzi yoyilo Yenza itheyibhile ukuba ukho, I SQL yam akazange abamangali umnini isiza okanye undwendwe ukuba ngequbuliso bathi: akukho ledatha okanye kwetafile isakhiwo yaphulwe.

Kulawulo iinkqubo jikelele mihla "trust kodwa uqinisekise 'ayisebenzi, okanye mandithi uya kusebenzisa ingqiqo ka" khangela kwaye usebenzise. "

Yenza itheyibhile: umsebenzisi MySQL itheyibhile isampula

Ubhaliso iindwendwe ezintsha kunye nomnyango / uphume abasebenzisi site ziye amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa umda yogqibelelo kule yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nasiphi na isiza okwangoku.

Ngeendlela ezininzi, igalelo / imveliso kunye nobhaliso ichazwe ngu terms of reference yesiza kunye / okanye usebenzise inkqubo yolawulo umxholo, kodwa kaninzi - umnqweno ukuphuhlisa into ekhuselekileyo ngakumbi, ukukhusela ii-akhawunti yomsebenzisi, abakukhusela ngenye site.

Ngokwesiqhelo MySQL lukhuselekile ngaphezu kokuba website, kodwa kwimeko ukusilela ayikwazi lilawulwe uboniso browser imiyalezo yemposiso soqwalaselo ikhowudi ye-site, equlethe amagama kunye passwords kwiziko ledatha.

ngendlela elungileyo - ukwabelana data kwi kumacandelo ezimile kunye neguquguqukayo. Kulo mzekelo itafile umsebenzisi, nawe unokuba isambuku abasebenzisi spreadsheet kunye cache_users esebenzayo. Le theyibhile yokuqala iqulethe inani elikhulu abasebenzisi, okwesibini - ezo kuphela owayesebenza ngomhla wokugqibela (umzekelo). Wonke umsebenzisi omtsha angekhoyo kwitheyibhile yesibini, kweza emva yokungena / ulwamkelo kunye kugcinwa ixesha elide.

Kodwa ukwahlula kwiibhafile ezimbini apha akunikezeli nje isantya seesampuli zedatha (i tafile encinane ihlala ikhawuleza kwaye inzima kwaye inkulu), kodwa iqulethe kuphela ulwazi olufunekayo rhoqo xa kukho nawuphi na umthengi wesayithi elithile eqhubayo. Ukufumana isampuli okanye ukutshintsha idatha, ngokwemvelo, ietafile eziphambili zisetyenzisiweyo.

Imemori, ulwazi kunye neenkcukacha

Kwinkalo yeteknoloji yolwazi ngandlela-thile ayizange ibe yinto yolwimi lwenkqubo kunye nememori. Ulwimi - iinguqu eziguqukayo, izakhi kunye nokwakha ezenza into ethile kwaye iphathe ngendlela ethile. Idatha yinto egcina kuyo. Ukusuka kuyo unokuhlala ukhetha into kuyo, ungabhala okuthile phantsi.

Ulwimi kunye nesiseko malunga neenjongo zokusebenza kunye nolwazi ludibeneyo, kodwa ingqiqo yobudlelwane kulo mxokelelwane awulunganga kakuhle, njengokuba ku-AMP elula: Apache, PHP, MySQL. Nantsi yonke into icacile: umncedisi, ulwimi lweprogram kunye nolwazi oludityanisiweyo yiyo yonke into efunekayo ngenani lemisebenzi emangalisayo.

Ulwimi lwe-SQL lufana nolwimi olufanayo, kwaye ngokubanzi isiseko sedatha sinemisebenzi yaso, ingcamango yayo yenkqubo. Apha, umnqweno wesiseko sedatha luyabonakala. I-PHP isisityebi esihle, kodwa ukutsho ukuba ithambekele ngokwaneleyo kwiinkcukacha zolwazi kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyila kunye nemisebenzi yayo ikhula kwaye iphuculwe.

Ukuba udibanisa i-PHP kunye ne-MySQL ibe yinto enye, uya kufumana isixhobo kunye nememori. Ikhetho lokudibanisa linika ingcamango yenkqubo ejoliswe kumsebenzi: into echazwe kulwimi, kuba ixesha lokungabikho nto lisekumemori (kwisiseko) kwiimeko ezihambelanayo. Xa kuyimfuneko, ibuyiselwa kwisakhiwo esipheleleyo kwaye senza ngokuhambelana nekhono layo.