Ukubalwa umthwalo ubushushu for izakhiwo ukufudumeza: ifomula, imizekelo

Xa eyila inkqubo ubushushu, nokuba isakhiwo yorhwebo okanye zokuhlala isakhiwo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza izibalo kwaye wenze abafundileyo umzobo ukujikeleza kwinkqubo ubushushu. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kweli nqanaba, iingcali bacebisa ukuba ahlawule kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala umthwalo wobushushu kwi wesekethe zokufudumeza, kwaye ngokwexabiso amafutha kunye output nobushushu.

umthwalo Ubushushu: ntoni na?

Xa eli gama kuthetha isixa ubushushu kunikelwa izixhobo zokufudumeza. A yokubala yokuqala umthwalo ubushushu ekuphepheni iindleko ezingeyomfuneko ukuze afumane iinxalenye kwenkqubo lokushushubeza uzifakelele. Kwakhona, le ndlela yokubala iza kunceda ukuba awabe isixa ubushushu kwezoqoqosho ngokulinganayo kulo lonke sakhiwo.

Kwezi izibalo oko ezifakwe eninzi kujonge izinto. Ngokomzekelo, izinto apho bakha isakhiwo, ukugcina ubushushu, ummandla njalo njalo. Iingcali zizama ukuthathela ingqalelo imiba kunye neempawu iziphumo ezichanekileyo kakhulu abaninzi.

Ukubalwa iimpazamo umthwalo thermal kunye ezingachanekanga iziphumo ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ubushushu. Lize kuyenzeka ukuba kufuneka uzenze amacandelo sele isakhiwo ukusebenza, nto leyo kuye kubangele ukuba inkcitho ezingacwangciswanga. Ewe, kwaye imibutho eluncedo babala iindleko zeenkonzo ngokusekelwe data ukulayisha ubushushu.

izinto key

inkqubo Ideal zokufudumeza abaliweyo kwaye yakhiwe kufuneka agcine obushushu ayinqwenelayo gumbi ukuvala ilahleko ubushushu ezivela. Ukubala umthwalo Thermal kwi imfuneko uqaphele le nkqubo yokwakha zokufudumeza:

- Injongo wesakhiwo: zokuhlala okanye mveliso.

- iinkcukacha ezigcweleyo isakhiwo eziqalelo kwesakhiwo. Yinto windows, iindonga, neengcango, uphahla kunye nenkqubo umoya.

- zobukhulu Property. Ukuba liphakamile ixabiso, kokukhona kufuneka inkqubo ubushushu. Qiniseka ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo ndawo Ekungeneni window, iingcango, iindonga umphandle kunye nomthamo ingaphakathi nganye.

- Ukufumaneka amagumbi ngeenjongo ezizodwa (ibhafu, yokugquma, njalo njalo).

- Degree izixhobo izixhobo zobugcisa. Oko kukuthi, ubukho amanzi ashushu, umoya, umoya-moya kunye nohlobo zivula.

- Ubushushu leenomboro igumbi elinye. Umzekelo, kumagumbi eyenzelwe ukugcinwa, musa kufuneka ukugcina lobushushu entofontofo umntu.

- Inani lamanqaku ngamanzi ashushu. I ngakumbi, kokukhona inkqubo lilayishiwe.

- Ummandla imiphezulu ngelothe. Kumagumbi French iiwindow aphulukane imali ethe ubushushu.

- imiqathango eyongezelelweyo. Kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, kusenokuba kukho inani amagumbi, balcony kunye loggias izindlu zangasese. I-mveliso - Inani leentsuku zokusebenza ngonyaka wekhalenda, ngokutshintsha amaxesha, nomxokelelwane uzobe olwenziwe inkqubo yemveliso njalo njalo.

- Iimeko zemozulu zale ngingqi. Xa kubalwa ubushushu ilahleko zithathelwa ingqalelo lobushushu phandle. Ukuba umahluko ezingephi, kwaye imbuyekezo kukushiya imali encinci wamandla. Nakuba at 40 ^{° C} ngaphandle window oko kuya kufuna inkcitho ebonakalayo.

Iimpawu iindlela ezikhoyo

Parameters zibandakanyiwe xa kubalwa wolayisho thermal, e isniphu kunye GOST. Kananjalo okuza transfer ubushushu okhethekileyo. Zokundwendwela lwezixhobo kufakwa kwinkqubo zokufudumeza, iimpawu digital zithathwa malunga inkcazo kwiradiyetha, kwibhoyila, njl kwakunye zemveli .:

- ukusetyenziswa ubushushu, bathathwa ubuninzi iyure enye yeenkqubo zokufudumeza,

- ukuhamba ubuninzi ubushushu evela i radiator,

- ilahleko ubushushu lilonke kwixesha elithile (idla - lonyaka); ukuba ufuna i ukubala umthwalo ngeyure kwi-network ubushushu wesithili, kufuneka kubalwe kuqhutywa kuthathelwa ingqalelo utshintsho ubushushu emini.

Ukubala uthelekiswa kwindawo impembelelo thermal kwinkqubo yonke. Isalathisi ifunyenwe echanileyo. Ezinye ezinxaxhileyo zenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuba izakhiwo zoshishino kuya kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo ukuncipha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla thermal ngeempela-veki nangeeholide, yaye kwiindawo zokuhlala - ebusuku.

Ulwazi ekubaleni kweenkqubo zokufudumeza kumanqanaba eziliqela okuchaneka. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ngempazamo eyimfuneko zisezantsi ukusebenzisa i izibalo ngokwanelisayo ezintsonkothileyo. Ngaphantsi scheme ngqo isicelo ngaphandle kokuba injongo ukwandisa iindleko zivula.

Iindlela eziphambili yokubala

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ekubaleni umthwalo ubushushu ukufudumeza sakhiwo enokwenziwa enye ngeendlela ezimbini.

I ezintathu eziphambili

1. Kuba ukubala indices ebaliwe zithathwa.
2. Kuba ukusebenza kwakhiwe isakhiwo wenqwelwana zithathwa. Kuya kubaluleka kunye nobalo ilahleko ubushushu esiza ukufudumeza umthamo lomoya lwangaphakathi.
3. Kubalwa kunye ushwankathelwa zonke izinto ezibandakanywe kwinkqubo ukufudumeza.

omnye umzekelo

Kukho ukhetho yesine. Uphethe impazamo enkulu, ekubeni amanani zithathwa avareji kakhulu, okanye akwanelanga kubo. Oko kukuthi, lo ifomula - Q = q _{0 ukusuka} * a * V _H * (t _EH - t _NRA) apho:

• q ₀ - iimpawu ezithile thermal yesakhiwo (yezakhiwo kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwixesha kubanda kakhulu)
• a - nokulungiswa factor (ngokuxhomekeke mmandla kwaye ithathwa kwitafile oluchazwe)
• V _H - volume, ibalwe i iinqwelomoya zangaphandle.

A yokubala elula

Kuba izakhiwo kunye standard parameters (ukuphakama iisilingi, ubungakanani igumbi kunye neempawu ezintle yokugquma thermal) linokusetyenziswa kunye ukulungiswa elula ratio parameter ukuba inomlingani kuxhomekeka mmandla.

Ukucinga ukuba indlu ibekwe kummandla Arkhangelsk, yaye indawo yayo - 170 square metres. m. Umthwalo thermal ilingana 17 * 1.6 = 27.2 kW / h.

Loo nkcazelo kwemithwalo thermal ngoyaba izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iimpawu ngesakhiwo, ubushushu, inani iindonga, indawo umlinganiselo iindonga kunye iminyango window, njalo njalo. Ngoko ke, izibalo ezinje ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe iiprojekthi zivula kakhulu.

ukubala indawo radiator

Kuxhomekeke izinto ukusuka apho kwenziwa. Amaninzi asetyenziswa namhlanje bimetallic, aluminiyam, intsimbi, radiators yentsimbi uphose ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ngamnye kubo izinga yalo transfer ubushushu (igunya thermal). radiators Bimetallic xa umgama phakathi nezamazembe 500 mm kwaye umyinge we-180 - 190 watts. radiators aluminium abe kakhulu ukusebenza efanayo.

transfer Ubushushu radiator echazwe ibalwa ngenxa kwicandelo elinye. Radiators, ipleyiti yesinyithi abayi yokusonga. Ngoko ke, lomlingani yabo transfer ubushushu kumiselwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani lonke icebo. Umzekelo, msinga amandla-mqolo kwiradiyetha 1100 mm ububanzi kunye 200 mm ubude iya kuba 1010 W kunye kwiphaneli kwiradiyetha eyenziwe ngentsimbi 500 mm ububanzi 220 mm ukuphakama iya kuba 1644 watts.

Ukubalwa kummandla radiator iqulathe parameters iphambili ilandelayo:

- isilingi ukuphakama (standard - 2.7 m)

- umthamo ubushushu (sq nganye M -. 100 W)

- olunye udonga ngaphandle.

Ezi zibalo zibonisa ukuba wonke-10 leemitha square. m kufuneka-1 000 W kwamandla thermal. Le japan wahlulwe impembelelo wobushushu kwicandelo elinye. Impendulo inani elifunekayo yamacandelo radiator.

Kuba kwimimandla ekumzantsi kwilizwe lethu, kwakunye zasentla, ziphuhliswe uhle ngokuvusa zinto.

yokubala avareji nezichanekileyo

Xa sijonga izinto ezichazwe ngasentla, ukubala avareji yenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ukuba 1 macala onke. m efunekayo 100 watt obushushu kwisithuba ezingama-20. m kufuneka afumane 2000 watts. Radiator (bimetallic ethandwayo okanye aluminiyamu) kumacandelo asibhozo yabela watts 150. Yahlula 2000 ngu 150, sinokuyifumana amacandelo 13. Kodwa ke ubalo kakhulu eyandisiweyo umthwalo ubushushu.

I ngqo ibukeka a bit eyoyikisayo. Enyanisweni, akukho lula. Nantsi ifomula:

Q _m = 100 W / m ² × S _(space) m ² × q x q _{1 2 3} × q x q x q _{4 5 6} × q x q _7, apho:

• q ₁ - Injengokubengezela uhlobo (eqhelekileyo = 1.27, = 1.0 ezimbini, ezintathu = 0.85);
• q ₂ - udonga wedwa (buthathaka okanye angekhoyo = 1.27, isitena eludongeni Isisekelo 2 = 1.0, namhlanje, phezulu = 0.85);
• q ₃ - lomlinganiselo kummandla lilonke Ekungeneni window kwindawo kumgangatho (40% 1.2 = 30% 1.1 = 20% - 0.9 10% = 0.8);
• q ₄ - ubushushu ngaphandle (uthabathe ixabiso lincinane: ³⁵ ° C = 1.5, ^C = -25 1.3 ^-20 1.1 C = -15 ^{° C} = 0.9, ^-10 ° C = 0.7);
• q ₅ - inani iindonga yangaphandle kweli gumbi (zone = 1.4, ezintathu = 1.3, igumbi lembombo = 1.2, a = 1.2);
• q ₆ - uhlobo kwendawo zokuhlala ngaphezu lokuhlambela abaliweyo (ophezulu ebandayo = 1.0, 0.9 = efudumeleyo imbala igumbi ophilayo shushu = 0.8);
• q ₇ - isilingi ukuphakama (4.5 m = 1.2, m = 4.0, 1.15, 3.5, m = 1.1, 3.0, m = 1.05, 2.5 m = 1.3).

Ukuba ufuna nayiphi na kwezi ndlela ezichazwe kuba ukubala umthwalo wobushushu kwesakhiwo sokuhlala.

sample yokubala

Imigaqo nemiqathango imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Iqondo lobushushu Ubuncinane ngexesha ebandayo lonyaka - 20 ^° C Room 25 square metres. m ngeglasi kathathu, French iifestile, isilingi ukuphakama 3.0 m, kweendonga ezimbini kwezitena yokugcina okulala. Le kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Q = 100 W / m ² × m ² × 25 × 0.85 1 × 0.8 (12%) × 1.1 × 1.2 × 1 × 1.05.

Isiphumo 2 356.20, sahlule ngo 150. Isiphumo kukuba kwigumbi kwezi parameters kuyimfuneko ukubeka amacandelo 16.

Ukuba ufuna ukubala Gigacalorie

Xa kungekho manzi zamandla thermal kwi ukufudumeza yesekethe ubalo umthwalo ubushushu evulekileyo ngenxa ngokushushubeza isakhiwo ebalwa ngokomgaqo wokubala Q = V * (T ₁ - T ₂₎ / 1000 Phi:

• V - umthamo wamanzi asetyenziswa kwinkqubo ubushushu, okanye abalinganiselwa iitoni m ^3,
• T ₁ - inani ebonisa lobushushu amanzi ashushu kulinganiswa kwi ^{° C} kwaye sithathwa computing lobushushu ehambelana xi ethile kule nkqubo. eli nani igama layo - enthalpy. Ukuba indlela esebenzayo ukususa ukufunda iqondo lobushushu akwenzeki ukubhenela kwizalathisi avareji. Kungenxa ngaphakathi 60-65 ^° C
• _T2 - lobushushu ngamanzi abandayo. Linganisa ngayo kule nkqubo kunzima, ngoko, ukuphuhlisa ukusebenza eqhubekayo, kuxhomekeke lobushushu phandle. Ngokomzekelo, kwelinye kwiingingqi, ngexesha ebandayo, eli nani kuthathwa ilingana-5, ehlotyeni - 15.
• 1000 - lomlingani ukufumana isiphumo ngokukhawuleza kwi Gigacalorie.

Kwimeko umthwalo thermal (Gcal / h) le ndzhendzheleko evaliweyo sibalwa ngenye indlela:

_Ukusuka Q = α * q _of * V * (t _a - t _uNR) * (1 + K _NO) * 0.000001 apho

• α - factor, eyenzelwe ukunyenyisa iimeko zemozulu. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba iqondo lobushushu ngaphandle yahlukile ^-30 ° C;
• V - umthamo ubume imilinganiselo yangaphandle;
• q _ka - rate zokufudumeza esithile t isakhiwo _NR elinikiweyo = ^-30 ° C, kulinganiswa e Kcal / m ³ * C;
• t _in - obushushu kuqikelelwa yangaphakathi besakhiwo;
• t _NR - kuyilwe ubushushu yangaphandle ngenxa yokuqulunqwa kwenkqubo zokufudumeza;
• _NR K - rate nokungena. ratio Ibangelwa ibalwa ilahleko thermal wesakhiwo kunye nokungena kunye nokudluliselwa nobushushu ngokusebenzisa amacandelo zangaphandle kwiqondo lobushushu ngaphandle, apho ibekwe ngaphakathi kwicandelo leprojekthi.

umthwalo ubushushu kubalwa ngandlel ezandisiweyo, kodwa oku kwifomula enikwe kule ncwadi zobugcisa.

Ukuhlolisisa le imager thermal

Iya isanda, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwenkqubo zokufudumeza, abhenele isaveyi umfanekiso oshushu eso sakhiwo.

lo msebenzi wenziwa phandle ebumnyameni. Ngenxa yoko echanileyo ngakumbi kuyimfuneko ukubona umahluko lobushushu phakathi gumbi kunye ngaphandle: oko kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi ^kwe-15. Ezibengezelayo izibane ukukhanyisa kunye yale igqengezelayo zivaliwe. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukucoca iikhaphethi nefanitshala ukuya eliphezulu, bona knock isixhobo, unika isiphoso ethile.

Le saveyi iya kuqhutywa ngokucothayo ebhalwe ngocoselelo data. Le nkqubo kulula.

Inqanaba lokuqala lwenzeka ngaphakathi. Le fowuni kumphatha kancane neengcango ngeefestile, ukunikela ingqalelo ngokukodwa iikona kwaye namanye amalungu.

Isigaba sesibini - uhlolo lwangaphandle thermal iindonga isakhiwo imager. Sekunjalo bahlolisisa ngenyameko amalunga, ingakumbi uqhagamshelwano ukuya eluphahleni.

Isigaba sesithathu - lweenkcukacha. Kuqala yenza isixhobo, ngoko ufundo zigqithiselwe kwi khompyutha, inkqubo isiphelo processing apho zawo kukukhupha isiphumo.

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