Uhlobo Social ubuntu. isakhiwo ubuntu: Iintlobo ubuntu lwentlalo

Soul ukwazi ... ... Personality ... Yintoni kuphela iingqondo ephezulu axakwe phezu kwezi ngongoma. Le psychoanalyst edumileyo Freud siqala lumelo noshowo loo mntu njengoko imfundo olutshintshayo.

Isifundo ubuntu

Enye imiyalelo eziphambili isosioloji - ukuhlola loo mntu uhlobo lwentlalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba le nkcazelo yenza ukuqonda ukuba kunokwenzeka imisebenzi yoluntu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iminqweno kunye neemfuno ngamnye, naye ke yindlela kunokwenzeka kugweba bume lobhekiso phambili.

Ngexesha ukufunda ingqiqo ka "ubuntu", izazinzulu tywa phezu ukusetyenziswa lisondela ezintandathu:

1. ezibonakalayo Dialectical: ekuqaleni mntu ngokwasentlalweni, uphuhliso elandelwayo exhomekeke kule biology, imfundo, imeko yezentlalo kunye nezakhono zemfundo-self.
2. Yemvelaphi: ubuntu na umphathi iimpawu zabantu.
3. Olumisiweyo: ubuntu - ntle yoluntu na sezingqondweni kwaye ukukwazi ukusebenza.
4. indoda yokuhlalisana - ubuntu, leyo ophila kwaye ilisebenzisa mpawu efanelekileyo ekuhlaleni kunye neempawu.
5. Personalistic: njengendlela yokuqala ukwakhiwa ubuntu yi "Mna - ziqhele." Ubuntu - iseti reactions ngokwasengqondweni ngabantu izimvo elijikelezileyo yalo.
6. Biology and Genetics: bioprogramma umntu umisela ukuziphatha kwakhe.

Ngoko, igama elithi "umntu" into ezininzi. It ephawula umntu njengesifundo kunye nenjongosenzi yonxulumano biosocial kwaye njengoko umgaqo zokudibanisa iimpawu ngamnye, intlalo jikelele kuwo. Ezo mpawu ezo kaninzi kwenzeka kumalungu oluntu, ize ibe uhlobo ubuntu.

idivayisi ngalinye

Le nkcazelo iquka amanqanaba amathathu: eziphilayo, ezengqondo kunye nezentlalo. Eyokuqala ibandakanya iimpawu zendalo womntu; na isakhiwo lomzimba sawo, kunye neempawu zesini. Elesibini idibanisa iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni ezinxulumene ufuzo (nentando, inkumbulo, iimvakalelo, ndicinga).

Inqanaba lesithathu sele sublevels ezichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Uluvo: imidla ngamnye, iinjongo zakhe, amava, iinjongo kunye njalo njalo. Sublevel na ukunxibelelana ezingqondweni zoluntu.
2. Ngokukhethekileyo, yenkcubeko. Oku kuquka zonke iinqobo kunye nezithethe zokuziphatha kwabantu.
3. Yokuziphatha. Le yinxalenye yobuntu yokuziphatha.

isakhiwo ubuntu. Iintlobo ubuntu Social

Kakade ke, amanqanaba zingentla kwinkqubo kakhulu baberhabaxa kwaye abstract, kodwa kunjalo sisiseko bangaqhubela phambili. Psychologist S. L. Rubinshteyn kwizifundo zabantu usebenzisa iimpendulo zale mibuzo mithathu: "Leswi swi etsala yaye unqwenela ukuba" Iimpendulo ibonisa umnyango ukuya imfihlelo imixholo ngamnye ngamnye.

KK Platonov ichonge namaCandelo eMetropolitan ezine ubuntu:

1. Orientation, olubandakanya iinkolelo, Outlook, iminqweno, utyekelo, izinto. Kweli nqanaba, iimpawu yokuziphatha sibonakalalisiwe, kwakunye ezahlukeneyo ubudlelwane babantu.
2. Amava, esizibonakalisa kwi izakhono, ulwazi, izakhono. Nantsi uphuhliso ubuntu ngokusebenzisa amava ukugeleza zembali.
3. Ubuntu iimpawu iinkqubo ngengqondo kunye nemisebenzi.
4. iimpawu zeBhayoloji (ngesondo, ubudala, uhlobo lwe-luvo, njalo njalo).

A. N. Mafikozolo uchaza ubuntu njengophawu okhethekileyo kuphela imvelaphi. Ngomhla enjengesakhiwo sengqondo ezaziwayo-kakuhle uthi "uqwalaselo ezinzileyo lwenqununu, ngaphakathi imigca zenkuthazo, hierarchic."

Ngoko, kwi ubuntu nokusebenza kwentliziyo ingundoqo izakhiwo inkuthazo. Inqanaba elilandelayo yindlela ukuphumeza iinjongo (ubuntu, iindima zentlalo, njalo njalo). Iimpawu lobudlelwane babantu kunye nokucela nehlabathi bangena kwesisekelo wesithathu. Unxibelelwano zonke iimpawu zabantu, kuvela rhoqo kwi ifuthe kokusingqongileyo na uhlobo loluntu ubuntu.

amisele uhlobo lophando

Le mbono "ubuyena uhlobo lwentlalo," watsala abaphandi abaninzi. Umzekelo, uAristotle zib imigca ngoko wahlula abantu 'ezintle' kunye 'ububi. " K. G .Yung wachaza umntu ibhekiswe ngokwalo ( "Yin"), kwaye swi ihlabathi ngaphandle ( "Yang"). Xa bengqondo, baza eyaziwa ngokuba introverts kunye extroverts. Njengoko zachongwa iindidi zabantu - Ukuzibona, logic, oluchukumisayo intuity. Isiseko lohlobo yokuqala - iminqweno yesibini - ukucinga, eyesithathu - iimvakalelo wesine - intuition. D. Moreno and T. Parsons wadala indima kwethiyori zobuntu. Uyatsho ukuba wonke umntu kwinkqubo yezentlalo ithatha indawo yayo ethile (status). sikarhulumente ngasinye iqulethe inani iindima womntu.

typology ngabanye

Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yemfundo noqeqesho ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu uqalisa ukwakha uhlobo loluntu ubuntu. Lwezazi bakholelwa ukuba ubuntu - koko ubophelela iinkqubo ngengqondo nokuziphatha unika uzinzo kunye guquki. Indima ebalulekileyo ayalelayo uhlobo eyadlalwa ithiyori ilandelayo: psychobiological (W. Sheldon), biosocial (G. Allport, uCarl Rogers), psychostatic (J. Eysenck, R. Cattell), yengqondo (Karen Horney, K. Adler).

Kukho ezahlukileyo typology. Umzekelo, Weber esekelwe kwinkqubo usibeke ngesidanga nengqiqo amanyathelo. UErich Fromm, esicacisa uhlobo loluntu ubuntu, yahlula libe ezivumayo, numbers, okubonisa, emarikeni.

Namhlanje kwabantu wagqiba ukwaba ngabanye zilandelayo:

1. Traditionalist. loo mntu a amaxabiso elide, ukuze, ingqeqesho engundoqo. Asinto umnqweno self-zokuqonda.
2. Idealist. Uhlobo ibhekisa ukwalela izithethe, elizimeleyo, ungayamkeli igunya. Kudla benza self-ukuphucuka.
3. Uxakekile. Ubuntu a phantsi ukuzithemba, ngokufuthi ekungxolisa ngento impilo yakhe kunye nokudakumba.
4. Realist. Abantu ezinxulumene nale hlobo uxanduva, ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo bazibandakanya self-ukuqonda.
5. Ungowabantu. Amaninzi, umntu onjalo efuna ukuba ukuzonwabisa, ukufezekisa iinkanuko zawo.

Kwakhona ukwenza iintlobo zentlalo-psychological ubuntu:

1. "Amanani." Kuba bale hlobo msebenzi eziphambili ukutshintsha abanye abantu kunye naye. Ba esebenzayo, self-ngokwaneleyo, uxanduva.
2. "Izazi". Njengoko umzekelo olu hlobo kunokuphumela komfanekiso silumko, nto leyo yenzelwe lusabonisa bagcine.
3. "Ngokweemvakalelo." Oku kuquka abantu abathembele iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye intuition. Oku, eqaqambileyo ubuntu zobuchule, ukukwazi ukubona ubuhle.
4. "Nabantu". Olu hlobo unalo uvelwano ephuhliswe kakhulu. Uye akwaziqonda omhle isimo sengqondo womntu.

Kakade ke, lo hlobo luqhelekileyo zobuntu zentlalo ezahlukeneyo. Sinokuthi ukuba wonke umntu uhlala isilumko, kwathi wobuntu.

Indlela ukufumanisa uhlobo ubuntu. test

Kukho izixhobo ezininzi kakhulu isifundo yobuntu bakhe. Avamise kakhulu:

1. Test Leonhard. Le khweshine 88 imibuzo ekufuneka uphendulwe "ewe" okanye "hayi." Umphumo iya kuba accentuation unesimilo, oko kukuthi, ukuchonga ifitsha kakhulu iimpawu ukuba umntu elinikiweyo.
2. Test Holland. Nazi izibini 42 imisebenzi ukusuka apho ukuya ukukhetha ikhethwayo ngakumbi. Isiphumo - ingcaciso yohlobo yayo.
3. lemibuzo Typological Keyrsi. Le ibandakanya imibuzo 70 kunye neempendulo ezicetyiswayo. Khetha ingxelo nye ufuna. Ngenxa yoko - kwenkcazo inkangeleko yomntu ngamnye.