Types of data kunye neendlela processing yabo

Khangela ngeenxa kwakho: zonke singqongwe - ke umzimba wenyama, okanye intsimi. Kakade ukuba sokuqala utshintsho rhoqo, intshukumo. Zonke ezi nkqubo ukuvelisa amandla, apho ihlala ukusuka kwesinye isimo ukuya kwesinye. Ngenxa yoko amandla uvelisa umqondiso. Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, singatsho kakuhle ukuba naziphi na iimpawu ngokusisiseko enemo eziphathekayo.

Ukuba uphawu esinxibelelana umzimba wenyama, kwaye ibhalisiwe, inkqubo ngendlela eyahlukileyo Inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze data abhalwe umzimba wenyama. Into esinayo ekugqibeleni? Iinkcazelo ala magama. Enoba yintoni uhlobo lwe data oko, kuba imiyalezo ebhalisiweyo.

Imisebenzi data

Sele wakhankanya into yokuba idata kuguqulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ulwazi, ngoxa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kukuqulunqa iintlobo ezisisiseko data, kufuneka wazi ukuba neendidi zemisebenzi, ezifana:

• Collection.
• Isimo.
• Lokuhluza.
• Ukuhlela.
• Ethala.
• Ukuguqula.
• Protection.
• Zokuhamba.

Ngoku iperi imiqolo operation nganye. Zonke iintlobo data ekuqaleni eqokelelweyo evumela ukuba ukuqokelela iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukwenza isigqibo. Ethetha ufomato, ibandakanya ukuguqulwa iintlobo data efikayo engqondweni enye, le nkqubo yenza kube lula ngakumbi. Njengoko kulula ukuthelekelela, umsebenzi wokucoca inika inkcazelo bengagqibanga eliphantsi. Ukwahlula ordering liyayiqonda injongo lula. Yomlando ikuvumela ukugcina isixa esikhulu data ngaphandle kokuya iindleko ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho. Lonke ulwazi uhlobo ekhoyo. Uguqulo - inkqubo yokuguqulwa data lohlobo omnye komnye. Protection inceda ukukhusela ulahleko, kwaye lonke uluhlu lwamanyathelo. Zokuhamba inako ukugqithisela ulwazi oluyimfuneko phakathi iziza ezikude.

Ukuhlelwa kolwazi iindidi kunye neendidi

Ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo eziphambili data bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini kahle esikhulu:

• Nesebenzayo.
• Njalo.

Kakade kwimathematika, siyazi ixabiso lezi iintlobo data. Eyokuqala naluphi na ulwazi kuyaphela ukutshintsha. Ezi constants ke data efanayo musa ukutshintsha, ukuba ezisisigxina.

Kwakhona, ulwazi wahlulwe kwezi ndidi:

• Amanani.
• Text.
• Multimedia.

Le yokugqibela ziquka data zinikwe ngohlobo isandi, imizobo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Uvela isibakala ibhekisa naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi, yahlulelwe kunye neendidi:

• Byte.
• Yenombolo.
• Umhla kunye nexesha.
• ulwazi ngendlela enengqondo.
• Into.

Esephepheni. code binary

Ngoko ke, siye wajonga iintlobo ezisisiseko kweentlobo data elula kuluhlu, ezichongwe yokusebenza engundoqo, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe. Ngoku sijonga enye indlela ikhowudi. Makhe sibone indlela abanye iindidi zedata inokujikwa iqokelelwe kwikhowudi yokubini. Okokuqala siya siqonde into ikhowudi yokubini. Makhe siye!

Njengoko unokuthekelela, le ndlela kunceda ukuguqula ulwazi, oko kukuthi, ukuba uwusondeza ngokohlobo ikhowudi. Kutheni ibizwa yokubini? Into yokuba ikhowudi enjalo elinokuqukatha amanani amabini kuphela - 0 no 1, nto leyo nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo.

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba ulwazi unokuba ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye imishini idata Wangena ukuba zitshintshwe zibe uhlobo olulodwa. binary encoding ubuchule isetyenziswa ikhompyutha. Ngaloo idijithi ngalinye lokubini (0 okanye 1) umele bit enye.

Kulula ukuba izibalo zethu: bits 2 kubhalwa amagama amane, elinemivo emithathu - anesibhozo, njalo-njalo. Kukho indlela ekhethekileyo ekuvumela ukuba akuyi ukudwelisa iinketho kwentloko yam, njengoko kakhulu umsebenzi ethatha ixesha elide, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu engenakwenzeka. Kubonakala ngathi le nto: N = 2 ^ m. Kule formula, kukho ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: N - linani lwendibaniso ezenzekayo, yaye m - parameter linani lweziqalelo, oko kukuthi, zingaphi amanani yokubini sisebenzisa.

nesakhiwo sedata

Njengoko sisazi mava, kunye naziphi na iinkcukacha lula ukusebenza ngayo xa kokuba systematized. Ungakhetha iinketho ezimbalwa sokucwangcisa ulwazi, oko kukuthi, iintlobo zezakhiwo:

• Linear.
• Tabular.
• Oluneqela elinegunya.

Xa sizama ukuba aququzelele data, sijongene neengxaki ezinkulu ezimbini: ukuba hlula njani ulwazi uze ukufumana njani oko sikufunayo.

Ngoku, kukho isibini imigca malunga uhlobo ngalunye izakhiwo. Okokuqala kuluhlu wethu yomgama kwaye kuthatha le ndawo ngesizathu. Yeyona eqhelekileyo kakhulu, sonke siyazi kuluhlu, apho zokungena ngamnye unenani yayo ngqo.

Okulandelayo luhlobo tabular. njani apho ukufumana ulwazi ekunene? iseli ngalinye idilesi entlantlu izinto ezimbini (oonobumba, amanani, okanye zombini). Qaphela ukuba itafile ukuze babe nokuba ezimbini okanye yoyilo. Zombini uhlobo yokuqala neyesibini nesakhiwo kulula ukuyisebenzisa: nonke nina kufuneka - kukuba ukwazi ikhowudi ulwazi olufunayo. Noko ke, kukho kwakhona imiqobo owakhiwa utshintsho. Ukuba kongeza kuluhlu okanye itheyibhile element, kukho imfuneko yokuba kutshintshwe kweekhowudi zonke iiseli.

isakhiwo oluneqela kusetyenziswa xa ayikwazi wasebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala. Kodwa isakhiwo enjalo lula ukusebenza, oko kube lula elungiswa okanye zongezwe.

indawo yokugcina

Ukuze ukugcina ulwazi ngokusebenzisa amanani alandelayo: Amasuntsu, bytes (ngamanye 8 amasuntswana), kilobytes (1024 bytes), megabytes (1,024 Kbytes) gigabytes (1024 MB) kunye terabytes (1024 GB). Ndiyakwazi ayeke apho, njengokuba kukho imfuneko sabakho.