Tu-244 - a supersonic indiza

Xa abantu baqala ukufunda izulu oluqinileyo, ihlala isebenzela ukuphucula moya ukubenza inokuthenjwa, ngokukhawuleza, capacious ngakumbi. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke ezintsha abantu kweli cala ezi-moya ezikhwela supersonic. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ngaphandle ezinqabileyo, uninzi uphuhliso ziye zavalwa okanye njengangoku ngobanjiso okwangoku. Enye iprojekthi hlobo moya abakhweli supersonic Tu-244, esiza kuxubusha ngezantsi.

ngokukhawuleza sound

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuthetha ngqo malunga Tu-244, masikhe sithathe uhambo olufutshane kwimbali yoluntu ukoyisa isantya ithuba isandi, kuba ndiza kuya kuba phambili ngqo zophando lwezenzululwazi kule ndawo.

inkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso Aviation sele inikwe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Yilaa xa kukho uyilo lokwenyani moya kunye iinjini jet ekwaziyo ngezantya Screw enkulu. Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ukuba inxaxheba ziya kwamkelwa kokubini Aviation yomkhosi yoluntu.

Lo msebenzi elandelayo bawandise isantya-moya. Ukuba uthe waphuma phezu njengomqobo supersonic akuzange kube nzima, ukwandisa nje amandla injini, ekulweni kwayo ingxaki ebalulekileyo, ukususela imithetho yokubhabha zezo ngezantya ziyahluka.

Noko ke, uloyiso lokuqala ugqatso isandi kwaphunyelelwa ngowe-1947 lo moya yokulinga American, kodwa zobugcisa ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu cuke akazange aqale de kuphele iminyaka engama-50 - ekuqaleni-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane XX kwi Aviation emkhosini. Kukho iindlela zemveliso njengoko MIG-19, North American A-5 Vigilante, Convair F-102 Delta ikrele kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Passenger moya supersonic

Kodwa Aviation yombango Sasinethamsanqa njalo. kuye kwabonakala-moya yokuqala supersonic abakhweli kuphela 60s emva kwexesha. Yaye nje ukuba wadalwa imodeli lezibuko amabini kuphela - eSoviet Tu-144 kunye Franco-yaseBritani "Concord". Ngabo aba moya ezihamba imigama ekuso. Tu-144 waba ukusebenza ukususela 1975 ukuya 1978, yaye "Concord" - ukususela 1976 ukuya 2003. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzu ayisetyenziselwanga, akukho moya supersonic kunye umkhweli yendlela.

Kukho iiprojekthi zokwakha ezininzi supersonic kunye moya hypersonic, kodwa ezinye zazo ekugqibeleni ivaliwe (Douglas 2229, Super-Caravelle, T-4, kunye nabanye.), yaye ezinye ukuphunyezwa Wasolula ngokungenammiselo (Reaction Engines A2, SpaceLiner, Okulandelayo Generation Supersonic Transport). Le yokugqibela kusebenza lo moya Tu-244 projekthi.

Qala yophuhliso

Le projekthi ukudala-moya, apho bekumele indawo Tu-144 Tupolev waqalisa ngexesha leSoviet, ngasekuqaleni-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Xa eyila inqwelo-moya entsha, le abayili basebenzisa kuyilo komanduleli wayo, "Concord", kwakunye nezinto loogxa yaseMelika abathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi. Lonke uphuhliso yenziwa phantsi kolwalathiso Alekseya Andreevicha Tupoleva.

Ngowe-1973, lo moya eqikelelwayo kwathiwa Tu-244.

iinjongo zale projekthi

Eyona njongo iphambili yale projekthi ukwenza moya enokhuphiswano ngokwenene supersonic zezithuthi zendlela kuthelekiswa moya jet subsonic. Phantse uncedo kuphela yangaphambili phezu yokugqibela yaba inzuzo nesantya. Xa Ezinye iinqwelo-moya supersonic baphulukana okhuphisana zabo kancinci. Passenger traffic phezu kwazo nje akazange ukuhlawula ngokwezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle iindiza ukuba iyingozi kakhulu kunokuba nje moya nge injini ye jet. Umba wokugqibela, koko, yaba sizathu esemthethweni ngokusebenza yamiswa Tu-144 nje kwiinyanga zokuqala supersonic ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kwalo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba isisombululo kule ngxaki, waza wayinikela ngabaqulunqe ezi Tu-244. I-moya kufuneka oluthembekileyo, fast, kodwa ngaxeshanye, waba ukusebenza kwayo ukuze ukuthwala abakhweli ukuba iindleko-olusebenzayo.

iimpawu technical

Le modeli yokugqibela Tu - 244, eyamkelwa kuyilo yayikukuba ezi zilandelayo zobugcisa kunye neempawu zokusebenza.

Eli qela ke airliner obandakanywa abantu abathathu. elingaphakathi umthamo sathathwa ngomlinganiselo abakhweli 300. Noko ke, inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye projekthi wanyanzeleka ukuba achebe ukuya ebantwini 254, kodwa kunjalo nangokuba lalilikhulu kakhulu, ngaphezu koko ye-Tu-154, ukwenzela lula abafundi abangama-abakhweli 150.

Olucwangcisiweyo Isantya ingami yaba 2.175 lamawaka. Km / h, kanene yiyiphi na enkulu kabini isantya nesandi. Thelekisa, isalathisi enye kwi-Tu-144 wayelingana 2.300 amawaka km / h and "Concord" - .. 2.125 amawaka km / h. Leyo-moya zicwangciselwe ukuba wenza kancinci esisezantsi kuneyokuqala, kodwa ngenxa oku, ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa umthamo wayo, leyo kuthiwa ukubonelela inzuzo yezoqoqosho ukuthutha abakhweli. Movement olunikiweyo injini ezine turbofan. Uluhlu lwe ukubhabha-moya omtsha wawuza kuba 7500-9200 km. umthamo umthwalo - iitoni 300.

-Moya kufuneka ubude 88 m, umphakamo we-15 m, xa kutshayelwa iphiko kwaba 45 m kwaye ndawo umphezulu olusebenzayo - 965 m ^2.

Umahluko omkhulu lwangaphandle phakathi moya entsha esuka Tu-144 wayefanele ukuba ibe utshintsho kubume impumlo.

kuqhubekayo uphuhliso

lo msebenzi wokwakha airliner supersonic besizukulwana yesibini Tu-244 wathabatha amaxesha kunokuba eqaqamba eziliqela unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Noko ke, nasemva kokuba ngokuwa eSoviet Tupolev zange ayeke uphuhliso kweli cala. Umzekelo, sele ngowe-1993, xa umoya show lolwazi oluneenkcukacha kuphuhliso kuye kwabonelelwa eFransi. Noko ke, imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe kule minyaka 90 ayikwazanga kodwa kuchaphazela bayahlelwa projekthi. Enyanisweni, Isiphelo sakhe waxhonywa emoyeni, nangona umsebenzi yoyilo waqhubeka, kwaye iingxelo ezisemthethweni yokuvalwa kwayo wayengekho. Oko ngeli xesha, le projekthi waqala ukuhlanganyela ngokubonakalayo nabachazi American, nangona abafowunelwa kunye nabo zabanjwa ngemihla USSR.

Ukuze uqhubeke uphando umkhweli airliner supersonic besizukulwana yesibini ngo-1993, ababini Tu-144 baguquka phantsi elabhoratri eziphaphazelayo.

Uvale okanye ngumkhenkce?

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi uphuhliso oluqhubekayo uthi ngo-2025 i-moya TU-244 aya kuqalisa ukusebenza zoPhapho kule mali kweeyunithi 100, akumangalisi ukuba kakhulu yaba ukungabikho projekthi kule nkqubo karhulumente sokuphuhlisa Aviation kule minyaka 2013-2025., Yiyiphi wavunywa ngo-2012 . Ndimele ndithi ukuba inkqubo bengenayo inani kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, leyo kude kube lelo xesha ingqalelo ethembisa kushishino moya lowo, umzekelo, a supersonic jet ishishini Tu-444.

Oku wayenokuthi iprojekthi Tu-244 mhlawumbi ivalwe okanye ngokusisigxina emkhenkceni ngokungenammiselo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ukukhululwa yezi moya supersonic ziyafana kuphela kamva, ngowe-2025, i kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ingcaciso esemthethweni ngalo mba bengakuphiwanga, ukuba eshiya kakhulu intsimi ebanzi ukutolika ezahlukeneyo.

amathuba

Banikwa bonke ngasentla, oko kuchazwe ukuba iprojekthi Tu-244 okwangoku kwi ubuncinane ukuba idada emoyeni, yaye bade ukuba zivaliwe. Ukwaziswa malunga bayahlelwa projekthi akukenzeki. Nor wavakalisa izizathu zokuba wamiswa okanye ivalwe unaphakade. Nangona kokuba kucingelwa ukuba inokuba yokunqongophala kwemali karhulumente ukuxhasa ngemali izinto ezinjalo, izinto ezingalunganga yeprojekthi ngokwezoqoqosho, okanye into akwazi nje ngokuziphatha lixesha kwiminyaka engama-30, yaye ngoku kwi-ajenda ziinjongo kakhulu ixesha elide. Noko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuphembelela zontathu izinto ngaxeshanye.

Ngo-2014, amajelo eendaba kwenziwa uqikelelo malunga kut- projekthi, kodwa okwangoku enokuba bengakwamkelanga isiqinisekiso esemthethweni, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye refutation.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uphuhliso lwangaphesheya supersonic abakhweli moya isizukulwana sesibini asikafikeleli entanjeni, kunye nokuphunyezwa abaninzi kubo phantsi umbuzo omkhulu.

Ngelo xesha, lo gama akukho iingxelo ezisemthethweni ngabantu eligunyazisiweyo kufuneka ngokupheleleyo bayeke kwiprojekthi ye-Tu-244.