Technology computer. Yintoni leyo? A isuntswana imbali nokutolikwa mihla

Ukuba ukhangela imbali kwethekhinoloji kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokwentelekiso elitsha elithi "intambo yekhompyutha yonxibelelwano". Leligama ekuqaleni wenziwa kwakungathethi zonke ezo izinto zityalwe kulo namhlanje. Kwaye, ngelishwa, hleze abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iikhompyutha nezixhobo computing - la magama ntonye. Le impazamo ecacileyo.

Computer Science intsingiselo

Ukutolika intsingiselo yalo gama yahluke kakhulu, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba izichazi ezahlukileyo unokulityhila oko ukutolika ezahlukeneyo.

Noko ke, xa sisondela kwisifundo ngokungathi kunye uhlobo gabalala, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ubuchwepheshe bee-computer - isixhobo lobuchule kunye isethi kwezinye izixhobo zezibalo, ubuchule kunye neendlela esizisebenzelayo (okanye ngoomatshini) ekwenzeni naluphi na ulwazi kunye neenkqubo izibalo okanye ukuchaza okanye into (emzimbeni, mechanical, njalo njalo. d.).

izibonelelo zekhompyutha: Yintoni le ngokwengqiqo ebanzi?

ubuchwepheshe bee-computer eyaziwa eluntwini ixesha elide. Zizixhobo kakhulu abangekaphuhli ezibe kumakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lethu, ingabizwa, umzekelo, i-abacus Chinese efanayo okanye abacus wamaRoma. Sele kwisiqingatha sesibini kwewaka kwakukho isixhobo esinjalo, njengoko isikali Knepper, Schickard ukudibanisa umatshini, ulawulo isilayidi, ukubala umatshini Pascal njalo njalo. D. uMgwebi ngokwakho, ezifana yanamhlanje ngokohlobo iikhalityhuleyitha nayo uyakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo kukhonjwe uhlobo lwe computing.

Noko ke, utoliko kwekota iye yandiswa kakhulu intsingiselo nokufika iikhompyutha okokuqala. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo-1946, xa ikhompyutha yokuqala, olufinyeziweyo njengoko ENIAC (kwi-USSR isixhobo onjalo wadalelwa 1950 waza wabizwa ngokuba SECM) wadalwa eUnited States.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unyango iye yandiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, xa langoku inqanaba lophuhliso zobugcisa kumiselwa ukuba ubuchwepheshe bee-computer - is:

• iinkqubo zekhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zolawulo inethiwekhi;
• Ezenzekelayo iinkqubo zokulawula kunye data (ulwazi) usetyenzwe;
• izixhobo uyilo nokuhambisa, ucikizeko uqikelelo;
• uphuhliso software system, njl

Ngokwendalo, uluhlu eqhubekile, kodwa la macandelo kuthathwa ukuba kubalulekile.

kuthetha ukuba yekhompyutha

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni eyenza njengendlela intanethi. Xa intliziyo nayiphi na inkqubo ulwazi okanye, njengoko batshovo ngoku, idatha. Kodwa ingqikelelo ingcaciso ithathwa ngokuba kunokuba luluvo, njengoko abathile inkqubo zinako ukukhongozela intsingiselo, yaye omnye umntu omnye - akukho. Ngoko ke, ngokuba kudityaniso idatha waphuhliswa ikhowudi yokubini, nto leyo ibonwa nguye nawuphi na umatshini kwaye kusetyenziselwa ukusingatha data ngaphezulu ngokubanzi.

Phakathi kuthetha ngokwabo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka izixhobo zobugcisa (izixhobo iziqhubekisi, inkumbulo, igalelo / ifayileyemveliso) kunye software, ngaphandle apho konke oku "intsimbi" yinto engenamsebenzi. Apho kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo yekhompyutha iye iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka iimpawu, ezifana ingqibelelo, ukuziphatha kakuhle, connectivity kunye interactivity. Kukho kwakhona ekuthiwa iinkqubo azo, ezo zinxulumene multiprocessor iinkqubo, ukuthembeka ekuqinisekiseni kunye ukunyuka inqanaba lentsebenzo ukuba asiyiyo iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo olunye-iprosesa. Kwaye kuphela iqela lilonke 'nentsimbi' kwaye software unako ukuthi ukuba izibonelelo eziphambili ikhompyutha. Kakade ke, ungadibanisa apha kunye nobuchule, ngaphezulu kwe inkcazelo zemathematika senkqubo, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide.

Icebo kweekhompyutha mihla

Kuba zonke ezi nkcazelo, unako ukuchaza kunye nomsebenzi iikhompyutha mihla. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuba sidibanisa hardware ne-software, yaye omnye ngaphandle omnye akakwazi ukusebenza.

Ngaloo ndlela, a mihla ikhompyutha (Hardware) - iseti yezixhobo zobugcisa ngenxa ukusebenza bume software ukuba enze imisebenzi ethile, and vice versa (a iseti iinkqubo "intsimbi"). Ezifaneleke kakhulu ingxelo yokuqala, yaye hayi owesibini, kuba ekugqibeleni, awumiselayo efunekayo xa kusingathwa lolwazi engenayo kunye neziphumo isiphumo.

A isixhobo computer (Hardware) lubandakanya amacandelo ezininzi eziphambili, ngaphandle apho ayikwazi ukwenza nayiphi na inkqubo enye. Ezi ziquka motherboards, iziqhubekisi, drives nzima, inkumbulo, liso, keyboard, mouse, peripherals (abashicileli, yabavavanyi, njalo-njalo), diski drives, kunye nabanye. Ngokwemiqathango software indawo ethathwa yi ukusebenza iinkqubo kunye nabaqhubi. izicelo uqalise iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye abaqhubi zinika ukusebenza oluchanekileyo zonke "intsimbi" izixhobo.

A amagama ambalwa malunga ngokuhlelwa

iinkqubo zekhompyutha Modern nga zihlelwe ngokwemimiselo ezininzi:

• Umgaqo yokusebenza (digital, analog, hybrid);
• isizukulwana (ukuqaliswa);
• sabelo (ngxaki ebomini, base, ikhaya, elingcwele, ezizodwa, jikelele);
• iimpawu kunye nomlinganiselo (superlarge, mono- supersmall okanye yabadlali);
• imiqathango yokusetyenziswa (ikhaya, ofisi, mveliso);
• nezinye iimpawu (inani iziqhubekisi, izakhiwo, ukusebenza, umsebenzisi).

Njengoko kucacile, imida ngqo ngokuchaza eklasini ayikwazi ukubamba. Enyanisweni, naliphi na icandelo kweenkqubo mihla ngokwamaqela kunjalo ubukeka nje eqhelekileyo.