TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov": isakhiwo kunye namathemba

TAVKR "Admiral of the Fleet eSoviet Union Kuznetsov" - le kreyserny esebenzayo moya enzima yenethiwekhi kuphela ukwakhiwa mihla Navy Fleet. Yayo njongo - nokuphelisa ngeethagethi kumphezulu enkulu, sisigcina-mabutho lwaselwandle kunye nokhuselo kusithiwa lutshaba ehlasela. Inqanawa ithiywe emva N. G. Kuznetsova, Admiral le Fleet USSR. Ukwakhiwa Cruiser kwenzeka Nikolaev, kwindawo yokwenza nokulungisa iinqanawa e Chernomorsk, ngoku yinxalenye iseti epheleleyo phaya kuMntla Fleet. Le nqanawa ke isekelwe moya MIG-29K, amaqela SU-25, SU-33 kunye ntaka kuhlenga Ka-27/29 / 52K.

design

Designing TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" yasungulwa ngo-1978 phantsi kwesikhokelo PCB evela eLeningrad.

Kukho uphuhliso projekthi eziliqela, nto leyo yakhokelela ekuphelisweni siphumo kulwakhiwo iinqanawa okanye bahlala ngokohlobo imifuziselo kunye nomzobo:

• Project 1153. Ukubana inqanawa ezicwangcisiweyo eyenzelwe neetoni 00 ukuya kuma-70, oko bekucingelwa izixhobo ezinamandla izixhobo (ngaphandle Aviation iqela main).
• № 1143 M. Lwabe nokubekwa kwi Cruiser supersonic Yak-41 nkqo ngexesha elinye.
• A umatshini ka 1143. It has ezifanayo kunye nenkampani moya uyilo edlulileyo, kodwa ukuhamba enkulu (yesine carrier moya, wakha eSoviet Union).
• Project yenethiwekhi 1143,5 moya enzima "Admiral Kuznetsov" - high-amandla, yesihlanu kunye yokugqibela Soviet-eyakhelwe moya carrier nqanawa.

uxwebhu lokugqibela yobugcisa walungisa phakathi-1980 Mhlawumbe ukwakhiwa yayiza kugqitywa ngo-1990. Noko ke, ixesha lonikezelo nokubeka uhlala kwatshintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

qala ukudala

Xa kwentwasahlobo ka-1981 imikhumbi Plant e Nikolayev ufumana nzima umyalelo ukwakhiwa cruisers ezintsha. Noko ke, ekwindla kunyaka inye ezongeziweyo ezibalulekileyo kunye neenguqulelo ezenziweyo le projekthi, i engundoqo apho kukwandisa ukubana benqanawa kwi amawaka 10 yeetoni.

Ixabiso ngenxa yale index yaba t 67 000 Ngapha koko, wenza utshintsho lobume zilandelayo .:

• bakhwela inqanawa kwafuneka ukuba baxhotyiswe ukufakelwa RCC "Granite".
• Kwabakho imfuneko ukwandisa iqela lomoya, oomatshini ukuya ku-50.
• Utshintsho ebalulekileyo kukuba lo moya sungula kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwe ngaphandle isilinge ngu ski-jump isuka. Le mbono kuye kwanciphisa iindleko zokwakha kunye kunaba ngobomi inkonzo yenethiwekhi moya.

ukuphuculwa ophela kuyo

TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" ekugqibeleni ebezisenziwa de 1982. Ke kaloku kwathi ngoSeptemba, isixeko Nikolayev shipyards. Ekuqaleni, lo uthiwe igama "Riga", isibini kweenyanga kamva labizwa ku "Z Brezhnev". Ekupheleni konyaka kwi Cruiser iprogram elizeleyo ukufakela ibhloko yokwakha yokuqala. Inqanawa ngokwalo (okokuqala kwimbali yiSoviet Union) zaziba ngokupheleleyo eziintlobo zokuhlola block ezimbini.

Ubude ibloko nganye TAVKR pr. 11435 "Admiral Kuznetsov" wayemalunga 32 eemitha nge ekuphakameni-13 m. Ubunzima isiqalelo ngasinye ilingana no amawaka 1.5-1.7. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Superstructure elikhulu carrier moya wenza kwindlela yemodyuli. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba inqanawa ezinjalo, kunye nonikezelo ohambelana zokwakha, izixhobo kunye nezinye izixhobo, nto yakhiwe kwiminyaka nje emine, bekuya kuba irekhodi epheleleyo. Noko ke, ukulibaziseka kunye nabathengisi kunye nokusebenza kade kwisityalo kuye kwabangela ukulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko ukuqaliswa isitsha msebenzi.

Ukufakwa ezindaweni zokusebenza

Le yenethiwekhi moya yaphehlelelwa ezitokisini ekupheleni konyaka-1985. izindlu Mass nezakhiwo ezifakwe awudluli tonnes-32 000. Ababhekisi phambili bene kuqikelelwa nangokuvumayo / h 20506 carrier moya enzima "Admiral Kuznetsov" ngama-39%.

kunyaka olandelayo kuba njengomthuthi wesizwe ayikho ngaphandle utshintsho nabo. UMyili New P. Sokolov wenze utshintsho kwaye embindini 87th kuchithwe kude kube sekupheleni uthiwe igama kwakhona. Ngoku uye waba "Tbilisi". ipesenti ukulungela kwi-60%. Ukulibaziseka kubathengisi abavumelekanga ukuba ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ulwakhiwo, 70% -s ukulungela kwazekwaphunyelelwa kuphela ekupheleni kuka-1989

Iindleko yenethiwekhi moya enzima "Admiral Kuznetsov" ngelo xesha ngaphezulu kwe asixhenxe anamanci ezigidi engange. Kungekudala awuyitshintshanga le umyili oyintloko, waba L. Belov. Inxalenye enkulu yezixhobo ekuyiwa electronic sele ifakiwe kwi emine kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha emva kwexesha elibekiweyo, ukukulungela inqanawa leyo 80%.

Ukuhamba elwandle

Esi siganeko senzeke-Oktobha 20, 1989 Ngelo xesha, umdlali ophethe ndiza phantse lilungile, ngaphandle kungekho qela mboni le. Zigcwalisa iminyaka engaphezu kwenyanga, sele wokuqala kuNovemba eli tyala kokutyalwa MIG-29 kunye Su-27 lwaqhutywa kulo nyaka.

Ngokupheleleyo nezikhali nerediyo iinkqubo / h 20506 carrier moya enzima "Admiral Kuznetsov" wasekwa ngo-1990 (ukukulungela iyonke yaba malunga-90%). Ekuhambeni xesha lekhefu wavelisa izilingo elwandle enqanaweni. Embindini ekwindla inqanawa wafumana igama lokugqibela phantsi apho uhamba ngoku.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala kokuvavanywa ophethe moya ngokuzimeleyo kakuhle ngaphezu kwama-16 amawaka eemayile. Nge-moya moya inqanawa wavelisa phantse angamakhulu amahlanu nokuhlasela. Zonke Cruiser wathola kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemo yonxunguphalo ukuba ukuqala izitya uvavanyo - ziziphumo ezisemagqabini.

Iimvavanyo zokuqala zaye zagqitywa ekupheleni kuka-1990. Ngaphezu konyaka udlule Inqanaba lokugqibela le zolawulo lomgangatho karhulumente, emva koko inqanawa babelwa nakuMntla Fleet.

features technical

Njengenxalenye kumgangatho kunye kwitrampolini isaphetha fairings ezikhethekileyo imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. moya ezikhoyo kumgangatho umntu ophethe moya ezinikezelwa yi iilifti, iyileyo nokuba singameyisa iitoni ezingama-40. Ububanzi sinendawo kweemitha 67. Ubude le Cruiser ilingana phantse 305 mitha, izinga awo - 10.5 m.

kusetyenziswa ngenjongo-moya kokwehla emngangathweni isabelo 250 kunye nobude-26 eemitha ububanzi. Kuye kwithambeka degrees ezisixhenxe. Amahobe bands basic start-up.

Izixhobo kufuneka TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" ibhoyila kunye injini, chetyrehvalnye kunye umbane enamandla neejenereyitha diesel. Njengoko propulsor ezivelileyo ngezikhonkwane ezine (nganye iincakuba 5). Ukucutha Isantya travel 29 amaqhina (55 km / h). Le Cruiser yokukhangela elizenzekelayo nga ukuthwala ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Eli qela - Abantu phantse amawaka amabini.

izikhali

Apha ngezantsi kukho amaqela lupwa kunye nokwenzeka yenethiwekhi moya:

• inkqubo navigation - "Beysur".
• Radar - "Mars-Passat", "Fregat-MA", "Ukuwisa", "Vaigach".
• Iindlela sohlobo elektroniki - CICS "mgawuli" kaSJC "polynomial", "Inkwenkwezi" ezintsonkothileyo "Buran-2", "Constellation - BR";
• Anti-moya iimbumbulu - 6 × 6 AK-630; (48 amawaka izinto.)
• Imijukujelwa - DB SCRC "Granite", "Dirk", "angababulali";
• izixhobo Antisubmarine (60 Ziyaqhubeka) - RBU-12000;
• Group Aviation - iiyunithi amahlanu (ntaka kunye moya).

yobukhulu

Ukuze siqonde nobukhulu Cruiser, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba ukuphakama kwakhe ifaniswe endlwini 27-storeyed. Ngaphakathi lixhotyiswe kunye namagumbi ezahlukeneyo eziphantse amawaka amane. Ngexesha zokwakha sele ichithwe 4000 leekhilomitha iintambo, 12,000 iikhilomitha zemibhobho ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza. Ezinye njengamathontsi enqanaweni, kukho malunga amashumi mahlanu. Yokuma Uhlobo evaliweyo (153 * 26 * 7.2 yeemitha) iyawasusa iqela 70 rhoqo air ekhulwini. ukhuseleko kwamanzi noshowo ibandakanya zentsimbi kunye longitudinal neendonga, ubunzulu bayo - malunga amahlanu eemitha.

uvavanyo Modern yeprojekthi 1143,5

inqanawa kujongwa ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo kubizwa ngokuba ophethe moya yinxalenye. Noko ke, asingabo bonke zonakala ekwakheni ezidadayo ixesha elide. Uninzi ixesha alichitha yezikhephe ukulungiswa.

amabango kakhulu ukuba lombane. ngaphandle elwandle soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho namaqondo awohlukeneyo iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga. Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba zonke uhambo Cruiser elide uhamba kunye Ukruthakruthwano. Ukufikelela lwakutshanje kuLwandle lweMeditera - esinye isiqinisekiso.

Abaninzi walinda ukuba inkampani moya enzima "Admiral Kuznetsov" xa esiya eSiriya. Kwaye hayi kudala kwenzeka. Kakade ke, hayi ngaphandle iingxaki zawo, kodwa inqanawa kunjalo baboyisa indlela apho umva. Kule minyaka mibini izayo sihlelwe kuncendile elandelayo enkulu Cruiser.