Sifumana amandla zochuku. Formula amandla frictional

Ukuxabana - esenzeka ngayo sijongene rhoqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukumisela zochuku yingozi okanye eluncedo, akunakwenzeka. Yenza nokuba anganyathela umkhenkce mtyibilizi umzimba enzima, kwindawo rough Musiqisi hambani ubumnandi. Iinkcukacha izithuthi ngaphandle ukuthambisa ajikeleze kuguga kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

Isifundo kunobunye, ulwazi ngeempawu zalo ezisisiseko kuvumela umntu ayisebenzise.

Amandla kunobunye yemvelo

Force eyenziwe intshukumo okanye ukuzama intshukumo wobuso lomzimba lomnye, uyalele ngokuchasene kolwalathiso bentshukumo isicelo amabhunga ezihambayo, ngokuba amandla zochuku. amandla Nesicatshulwa frictional, formula elandelwayo exhomekeke ezininzi parameters, oko kuyahlukana nedlela kuhlobo yokunganyangeki.

Ukwahlula ezi ndidi zilandelayo ungquzulwano:

• ukuphumla;

• sliding;

• Rolling.

Naziphi na iinzame abavumi into enzima (kwikhabhinethi, ilitye) kukhokelela xi imikhosi zabantu. Kulo mzekelo, intshukumo isifundo akusoloko phambili. Oku kuthintela ukuba zochuku ukuphumla.

isimo yokuphumula

Uqikelelo amandla formula kunobunye static abakwazi ukubona ngokuchanekileyo. ngenxa yesenzo leyesithathu Ngu umthetho Newton ixabiso imikhosi uxolo uxhathiso kuxhomekeke amandla isicelo.

Ukwandisa iinzame kunye nokwandisa amandla zochuku.

0 tr.pokoya max

ukuxabana static kuthintela izikhonkwane eziqhutywa kuwo umthi ukuze bawe; namaqhosha, umsonto athungwe siqine endaweni. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo mntu likuvumela ukuba ukuhamba ukuxhathisa cwaka. Ngaphezu koko, oko sibhekiswe intshukumo womntu, yaye kuchasene imeko ngokubanzi bemicimbi.

isiliphu phenomenon

Ngenxa yokwanda amandla yangaphandle, umzimba uqhuba kwixabiso inkulu amandla zochuku static ngayo siyahamba. Amandla kunobunye kuqwalaselwa kwinkqubo sliding elinye kwelinye kumphezulu umzimba. ixabiso yayo ixhomekeke iimpawu imiphezulu ekunxityelelwana nalo kunye nezenzo ukusebenza nkqo phezu komhlaba.

Kubalo Ifomula yomkhosi frictional n'ekiweebwayo: F = μR, apho μ- ukulingana lomlingani (sliding zochuku), F - ukunyanzela nkqo (normal) uxinzelelo.

Enye uqhuba amandla intshukumo - sliding amandla frictional, ifomula yayo esebenzisa i umgangatho reaction amandla. Ngenxa yokuba umthetho wesithathu Newton ukwenza uxinzelelo yesiqhelo somgangatho reaction efanayo umthamo malunga kwicala P = N.

Phambi ukufumana amandla frictional, nto leyo iba ifomula ifomu eyahlukileyo (F = μ N), isigqibo amandla reaction.

tsala lomlingani xa utyhala esaziswa ngokomfuniselo ngenxa iindawo ezimbini ngokuhlikihla kuxhomekeka kumgangatho yokujongwa eziphathekayo.

Table. Lokumelana factor for iindawo ezahlukeneyo

Ubukhulu emile amandla ukukhuhlana, ifomula ethe ibhalwe ngentla, inokumiselwa ngokunjalo sliding amandla frictional.

Oku kubaluleke ekusombululeni iingxaki nokuzimisela zamandla okuqhuba yokunganyangeki. Ngokomzekelo, isandla eqhutywa incwadi licinezelwe phezulu, umba phantsi sisenzo kokuphumla uxhathiso ezenzeka phakathi ngesandla kunye ncwadi. Ixabiso uxhathiso ixhomekeke ixabiso amandla uxinzelelo nkqo kwi ncwadi.

Le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ukunikezela

Incedisa ookhokho bethu ukususela ize ukuya iinqwelo ingqalelo yotshintsho olululo. Amavili Ukusungulwa - wayila uluntu mkhulu. ukuxabana lothuli eyenzeka xa intshukumo yevili bobume ungaphantsi kakhulu ngexabiso sliding uxhathiso.

Kukuvela imikhosi zochuku lothuli ezinxulumene imikhosi uxinzelelo okuqhelekileyo amavili kumphezulu, uye yimvelo izahlule ekuweleni. Ngenxa deformation kancinane kweevili kukho eyahlukeneyo imikhosi uxinzelelo kwi iqonga kwiziko luyasekwa emaphethelweni yayo. Lo mahluko kugqiba amandla kunye ukuvela yokumelana onenombolo.

indlela yokubala ebalwe r imikhosi zochuku idla inkqubo efanayo mmandla. Umahluko zingabonakala kuphela amaxabiso ratio ukumelana.

ukumelana Nature

Xa ukutshintsha uburhabaxa imiphezulu zochuku kwaye ukutshintsha ixabiso amandla kunobunye. Ekubeni kukho ukwanda kakhulu imiphezulu ezimbini abakufutshane khangela ngathi amaqhuma encopho ezibukhali. Xa bephosa ukuba amalungu omzimba lithe tso yahlangana omnye komnye. Le ndawo contact iyonke incinci. Xa uqhuba okanye ukuzama isindululo imizimba "iincopho" ukudala ukuxhathisa. Ubukhulu umkhosi zochuku akuxhomekekanga kwi ndawo imiphezulu zoqhagamshelwano.

Kubonakala ukuba iindawo ezimbini ngokugqibeleleyo egudileyo kufuneka usakubona ngokupheleleyo uxhathiso. Xa kusenziwa le amandla zochuku kule meko esiphezulu. Oku kuchazwe bubunjani isahlakalo ukungafani imikhosi. Le Amandla kagesi lisebenza phakathi atom zamaqumrhu lokunxibelelana.

iinkqubo oomatshini ezingahambi zochuku kwindalo, ayinakwenzeka, kuba kungenzeka "qhawula uqhagamshelwano" intsebenziswano yombane phakathi kwamaqumrhu icala apho. Ukuzimela imikhosi uxhathiso kwi indlela ezime ngayo imizimba kuvumela ukuba ukubabiza nonpotential.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo mandla zochuku, ifomula apho kuyahlukana nedlela uqina zamaqumrhu lokunxibelelana na ngokomlinganiselo isikweri isantya ahambelanayo. Ngu la mandla usebenza mandla ukuba uxhathiso viscous kulwelo olo.

Intshukumo kwi ulwelo kunye negesi

Ukudlulela engengomanzi ulwelo okanye igesi, kulwelo kufutshane kumphezulu eqinileyo kunye nokumelana viscous. Ukubonakala kwaso yayanyaniswa impefumlelwano esicwangciswe engamanzi entrained oluqinileyo ngexesha intshukumo. Isantya maleko ezahlukeneyo - umthombo kunobunye viscous. Olona phawu yale ngezenzeko - akukho ivuse ulwelo static. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubukhulu umzimba igalelo yangaphandle bunikwa kwisenzeko, ukuba engamanzi.

Kuxhomekeka isantya intshukumo amandla ukumelana emiselwe isantya intshukumo, imilo umzimba ihamba kunye viscosity fluid. Faka ngamanzi kunye namafutha omzimba omnye ihamba ukuxhathisa ezahlukeneyo ngokobukhulu.

Kuba sesiqhelo amancinci: F = kV, apho k - ukulingana lomlingani kuxhomekeke Ubukhulu linear lomzimba iimpawu medium, v - uqina komzimba.

lobushushu fluid ikwachaphazela ukukhuhlana kuyo. Xa imozulu frosty isithuthi lisenziwa shushu ukuze ukufudumala ioli phezulu (i viscosity liyancipha) yaye wanceda ukunciphisa ekutshatyalalisweni injini kwiinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano.

Ukwanda kwesantya

ukwanda okubonakalayo Velocity komzimba kunokubangela flow olungazolanga, umlo kwandisa kabukhali. Ukubaluleka zezi: isikweri uqina, lexinene kwindawo umphezulu eliphakathi kunye nomzimba. Ifomula yomkhosi zochuku kuthatha kwifom ezahlukeneyo:

F = kV ² apho k - ukulingana lomlingani ngokuxhomekeke imilo emzimbeni kunye neempawu ze-medium, v - uqina komzimba.

Ukuba umzimba ukunika imilo iimeko, sophazamiseko na lincitshiswe. Imilo ye dolphins zomzimba kunye neminenga - umzekelo ogqibeleleyo imithetho yendalo ezichaphazela izinga izilwanyana.

indlela amandla

Yenza umsebenzi umzimba luthintela kweelana ukubana medium. Xa usebenzisa umyalelo yolondolozo amandla ithi utshintsho amandla ngoomatshini kukuba ulingane nomkhosi ivuse.

mandla Umsebenzi ibalwa wokubala: A = Fscosα, apho F - amandla, phantsi inyathelo apho umzimba isusiwe umgama s, α - engile ephakathi imiyalelo inguwo ukufuduka.

Ngokucacileyo, le amandla utsalo malunga intshukumo yomzimba, apho cosα = -1. Sebenza imikhosi frictional olungumgubo apho A ifomu _Tp = - FS, ixabiso ezimbi. Xa oku amandla ngoomatshini iguqulelwa embindini (deformation, ukufudumeza).