Rate abondliwayo. uya kwandisa Yintoni izinga Fed?

I-Federal Reserve yaseUnited States wenza naziphi na Bank of America ukwenza isixa esithile ekukhuliseni imali. Kufuneka ukwenza imisebenzi kunye nabaxumi. Oku kuyimfuneko kunjalo, ukuba uninzi abathengi ngexesha elinye umnqweno lokurhoxa zonke iidipozithi zabo. Kulo mzekelo, amaziko ezemali bank kunokunganeli, kwaye ngoko, mhlawumbi, aya kuza kubakho omnye ingxaki zebhanki. Kungenxa yoko le Fed ubeka imida ethile kwimali loovimba efunekayo, ethi ichaphazele ubungakanani umlinganiselo i-Fed kaThixo.

Yintoni ireyithi isaphulelo we-Federal Reserve System

Yonke imihla, iibhanki kufuneka inani elikhulu zentengiselwano, kwaye uzama ngamnye kubo ukwandisa umthamo wabo ukwandisa iingeniso kufunxwa. Maxa wambi abathengi ngaphandle isilumkiso ndirhoxise izixa ezikhulu eziinkozo, ngoko ukuba inqanaba loovimba ezifunekayo kunye neziko-mali yancitshiswa liyayeka ukuba makathobele imiqathango ye-Federal Reserve. Ngoko ke kwixesha elizayo kuya kubangela ibhanki ezininzi iingxaki.

Umlinganiselo wenzala i-Federal Reserve - ke izinga apho Central Bank of America ibonelela mboleko kwiibhanki US. Ngenxa yezi mali-mboleko kumaziko zemali ukwandisa inqanaba loovimba ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ze Fed.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iibhanki niboleke omnye komnye, kodwa ukuba iibhanki azinayo ithuba ukunceda 'asebenza' yakhe, ngelakamva libhekisela Fed. Le mboleko phantsi komthetho kuyimfuneko ukubuyela ngosuku olulandelayo. I-Fed yenze sengqondo esibi ukuba mboleko ezinjalo. Ukuba bathe Kananjalo siye rhoqo ngakumbi, i-Fed unelungelo nsinya iimfuno koovimba esisinyanzelo.

Yintoni na izinga lenzala

Imfuneko kuba yile: kuba sisiseko ukuze kubalwe ezinye iirhafu sikarhulumente. Kunye nale mboleko i-Fed - a mboleko encinane, kuba zikhutshwa kuphela ubusuku omnye zebhanki kuphela amaziko kunye nembali entle ngetyala.

Xa siqwalasela kwiimalike imfuyo, ukunyuka kwesantya - na ukunyuka kweendleko elikomkhulu mbutho. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iinkampani ngazo kwi istock exchange ogama izabelo, oko ingongoma negative. Kwenye ibhondi - ukunyuka rate kukhokelela unyuko.

market Forex kancinane izinga wondla nzima apha kuchaphazela amazinga evela kumacala eziliqela. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho izifundo ngaye zonke transactions zemali. Kodwa maqhezu encinane kuphela kumphathi wesekethe. enabela zehlabathi zinoxanduva ezininzi zehlabathi agcinwe intengiselwano kwimarike lwemali na ke intshukumo lwenkunzi, ezo zibangelwa ngumnqweno abatyali ukufumana imbuyekezo enkulu kutyalo-mali. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko yazo zonke iintlobo kwiimarike, kuquka iinkcukacha kwimakethe yezindlu kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokunyuka kwezinga Ukwaphulwa zombini i-HIV kunye nefuthe elibi inzuzo.

Ngaphambi koko, i-Fed zandisa ireyithi Juni 29, 2006. Ngokuba 2007-2008. I-Federal Reserve Awa kancinane ukuya kwindawo apho zange nokusondela inani lincinci kwi 0-0.25% ebusika 2008

ukukhulisa Hluthani

Oku kuya esi senzo kuqwalaselwa ngezantsi. Iimpawu kwimarike yabasebenzi kwi ishishini amancinci naphakathi eMelika namhlanje enyangweni, kwaye izinga lentswela-ngqesho lehle ngesiqingatha xa kuthelekiswa no-2009. I-Fed ikholelwa ukuba yezemisebenzi anako ukuba amafutha emali nokwandisa ekumvuzeni, ngokwenjenjalo baya kuba baxhasa uqoqosho karhulumente.

Ngowe-2007-2009. kwi US kwakukho ingxaki kwimarike izindlu kunye necandelo leebhanki. Ke Fed akwazi ukugcina uqoqosho karhulumente eyaya ukudakumba.

Ngaba namhlanje uqoqosho US uye waba ukwanda kwesantya senzala Fed? apha ziye umhlaziyi bavakalisa okucingelwayo ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bathi ukuba Fed yakwazi kakuhle ukugcina imeko yezoqoqosho karhulumente osinde. Kwaye ngoko ke Fed amazinga ukuphakamisa ngu 0.25 indawo kuya kuba nempembelelo encinci kwi-US kuqoqosho. Abanye bathi ukuba ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwamaxabiso, ekhala ukuba Fed bangazisa ngokwenza njalo phantsi kwiimarike zehlabathi nokudala iimeko ekunyuseni idola ukuba Fed zingxola isigqibo ngokungxama.

Federal Reserve USihlalo wathi ukwanda ecwangcisiweyo kwesantya ukuba ibe mpuluswa. Abaziingcali kule endle bakholelwa ukuba izinga lokukhula liya kuba ngaphantsi azinakufaniswa ngexesha leseshoni yokugqibela, eyathi yasungulwa ngo-2004 Eli nani lokugqibela izinga isaphulelo ayisayi kudlula-3%.

Yenza konke alungele utshintsho? Ezinye iinkampani baye basebenzisa ixesha kunye neqondo eliphantsi yobhaliso-mboleko ngempangelo isibopho. Kwaye, ngoku baya kuthi ke musa babone nasiphi na isizathu inkxalabo izinga lokukhula encinane, sigqibe ukuba imarike uyakwazi ukusebenzisa zonke iimpawu zayo. Ngelo xesha elinye inani elikhulu lemibutho, ugcine kuphela ngenxa yokuba amazinga enzala asezantsi, akayi kuba nako ukuxhathisa ukukhula kwabo, yaye ngaloo ndlela uya kuba neengxaki emva kokuba ukunyuka kweendleko mboleko.

Ukunikela ingqalelo abatyali, uninzi iingcali zikholelwa ukuba Fed iza tufwile kuzo ngeenjongo zakhe, kunye nabarhwebi ke mhlawumbi sele ithathelwe ingqalelo nokwanda elizayo. Ke inxalenye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba hexa of uhlengahlengiso ezinzulu olunjalo umgaqo wolawulo-mali iya kuba, njengoko babengama-zero iminyaka esixhenxe.

Apha ngezantsi sijonga indlela isaphulelo rate ye Fed unokuba nempembelelo kwiimalike zehlabathi.

Izinga isaphulelo kunye nefuthe layo kuqoqosho England

Inkoliso Osoqoqosho bakholelwa ukuba Bank of England emva US central ibhanki iya kuya amaholo rate. Imbali yadaka njengoko US kunye UK amazinga enzala kuyalungiswa ngexesha elifanayo.

Namhlanje, kukhule uqoqosho Albion kaThixo uzinzile, imfuno yabasebenzi iphezulu. Intloko ye-Bank of England wagxininisa ukuba mhlawumbi ukukhula ziya kuba mpuluswa.

Izinga isaphulelo kunye nefuthe layo iRussia

Central Bank akayi kuba nako ukuphepha iimpembelelo ezimbi omeleza US lwemali kunye namazinga enzala. Oku kuya kubangela iingxaki Kwingabula-up loovimba ngamazwe yehle $ 365 billion of imali engaphezulu $ 500 ezigidi.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba, Kakade, izinga lokukhula kuya kuchaphazela kakubi uqoqosho karhulumente wethu. Kodwa lo nempembelelo ayikho namandla kuthelekiswa nezinye iimarike ezisakhasayo. Ngenxa izohlwayo Russian azikho kakhulu malunga noqoqosho edibene eUnited States.

Izinga isaphulelo kunye nefuthe layo eYurophu

Ukukhula kwesantya senzala ezinokuchaphazela kakubi imeko yezoqoqosho emazweni EU, oku kungadala ukwanda Ukwahluka kunye Ukungaqiniseki emarikeni.

Intloko i-European Central Bank kunye nezinye abezopolitiko bakholelwa ukuba yomtshangatshangiso udlule hexa lakutsha nje kwiimalike zehlabathi kuya kuba nefuthe elibi ekufumaneni uqoqosho yaseYurophu olomeleleyo.

Izinga isaphulelo kunye nefuthe layo China

Ephendula umbuzo ngento eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba Fed ukukhulisa iirhafu, abasemagunyeni Chinese bakholelwa ukuba aza kuwulawula ngayo kukuphepha nefuthe ngqo kuqoqosho karhulumente amazinga okukhula, kwaye nefuthe ziya kuba encinane.

Izinga le-Federal Reserve kuluhlu eliqingqiweyo nempembelelo kuqoqosho China. Nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho karhulumente ufikelwa zangaphakathi, umzekelo, ukuhla ukhuphiswano kumazwe angaphandle kunye hormone.

Izinga isaphulelo kunye nefuthe layo Japan

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwakhona ibekwe phantse kwi-zero. Ngoko ke, ukuba Fed uyala ngokuqinisa nkqubo, kungekudala emva koko, kuba iya kuba umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe US kunye namazinga Japanese.

Xa amazwi kwezinye iingcali, ukunyuka kwesantya Fed uya kwenza ilifa US imali nomtsalane ngakumbi. Kodwa kunye nale buthathaka lwemali Japanese kakubi kuya kuchaphazela isabelo yenzuzo abangenisa sandise isabelo iinzuzo abathumela enkulu.

Kweliphi na inqanaba imarike ngoku

Umongo ukufuduka, njengokuba ukunyuka kwezinga lenzala i-Federal Reserve, kukuba ukuhambahamba ukuvela imarike "amaqamza 'ukuba zibangelwa yi-nkqubo okubi kakhulu wemali i-Fed bamsukela ixesha elide.

Ukuvavanya imeko yangoku kubhetele ukuba aqhube uhlalutyo emva. Apha kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ulwabiwo uqoqosho sokugcina ingongoma ayinyani kakhulu. Mhlawumbi 2016 ziya kuba phakathi umjikelo woqoqosho.

Noko ke, iingcali abalindelanga nayiphi na intshukumo ngesiquphe kwi inxalenye Fed. Kodwa ke kukho ingozi kwi kunokuba emva kwexesha okanye ngokucotha kakhulu ukuhamba ukufuduka, njengoko amazinga bakhulise Fed, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni ukwanda kokuziswa kwamaxabiso nokwanda okukhawulezayo ngaphezulu kwesantya senzala isitshixo i-Fed, nto leyo nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi imali eninzi.

Umqukumbelo kwi ngxoxo ukuba ukuvusa Fed rate iya kukhokelela nto, kukwazi ukwakhiwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba zokupapashwa Fed ukukhulisa inzala kubhetele ukuba bahlukane izabelo kwiinkampani yaseMelika. Xa rates ziqala ukuba ukuvuka, uyakwazi ukulindela nokulungiswa kwemarike i nokuphinda bathenge impahla US.