Magnitudes Absolute umda: inkcazelo, isikali nokukhanya

Ukuba uphakamisa intloko yakho phezulu, ungabona okuninzi leenkwenkwezi ngobusuku ecacileyo obuzolileyo. Kangangokuba, kubonakala ngathi, musa ukubala konke konke. Kubonakala ukuba imizimba yasezulwini, esibonwa ngamehlo, kodwa engenakubalwa. 6 amawaka Kukho. Eli linani lilonke zombini kumntla ikhweyitha kunye nakumazantsi iplanethi yethu. Ngokusesikweni, thina, bona, umzekelo, eMntla saseNtla, kwakuza kufuneka ukubona malunga nesiqingatha ewonke, oko kukuthi ndaweni-3 amawaka. Stars.

A zisezele iinkwenkwezi ebusika

Ngelishwa, cinga zonke iinkwenkwezi phantse kungenakwenzeka, ngenxa imfuno iimeko kunye umoya ngokugqibeleleyo selubala kunye nokungabikho ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na imithombo ukukhanya. Nokuba Ukuba uzufumana esigangeni kude ukhanyiso yedolophu ebusuku kakhulu ebusika. Kutheni ebusika? Ngenxa ehlobo nights alula kakhulu! Oku kungenxa yokuba ilanga kuza phezu kanye ikhoyo. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, amehlo ethu akukho ngaphezulu kwe 2.5-3 amawaka. Stars iya kufumaneka. Kutheni kunjalo?

Eyona nto kukuba njengokhozo lweliso babantu, ukuba akhoyo isixhobo enombala, uqokelela umlinganiselo othile yokukhanya okuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, imithombo ukukhanya iinkwenkwezi. Indlela sibabona, kuxhomekeke kwi sangqa yeyunithi lens optical. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le lens zizibonakude okanye iteleskopu iglasi umntu ubukhulu enkulu ngaphezu njengokhozo lweliso. Ngako oko, yaye uya kuqokelela ukukhanya ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, ngoncedo yezixhobo ngeenkwenkwezi ungabona iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ngakumbi.

Nesibhakabhaka esimnyama ngokusebenzisa amehlo Hipparchus

Ngokuqinisekileyo Ndiye ndaphawula ukuba iinkwenkwezi abafani indilekile, okanye, njengoko izazi bathi, kubonakala yobuhlakani. Kwixesha elidlulileyo elikude, abantu ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo. Hipparchus wababela bonke imizimba ebonakalayo yasezulwini kwi magnitudes ukuba kwiiklasi VI. Ezikhanya kubo "efunyenwe" Mna, kwaye uninzi unimpressive uchazwe iinkwenkwezi sigaba VI. Intsalela ohlulwa aba kwiiklasi esiphakathi.

Yayamkela kwavela ukuba magnitudes ezahlukeneyo aphakathi ulwalamano ethile algorithmic. A ubugqwetha luminance lilingane inani lamaxesha iliso lethu kubonwa ekususeni umgama elifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwacaca ukuba zikhanya iinkwenkwezi mhlophe I Udidi II, elubengezelo malunga 2.5 amaxesha.

ngamaxesha amaninzi nje inkwenkwezi udidi II III ngokuba mhlophe, ngokunjalo orb III, okanye, - IV. Ngenxa yoko, umahluko phakathi iinkwenkwezi kukhanya mna amaxabiso VI abafani izihlandlo 100. Ngenxa yoko, imizimba yasezulwini VII udidi ezingaphaya kumsobomvu umbono kwabantu. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ubukhulu - oku ubungakanani nkwenkwezi kunye nokubengezela kwawo ibonakale.

Yintoni na ubukhulu ngokupheleleyo?

Magnitudes ibonakala, kodwa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo kuphela. Eli gama lisetyenziswa xa ufuna uthelekise omnye nomnye iinkwenkwezi amabini iqaqambile zabo. Ukuze wenze oku, inkwenkwezi nganye kubalelwa yomgama olunemiqathango ngomgangatho parsecs-10. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ixabiso inkwenkwezi into, wayeya kuba ukuba ibekwe kumgama 10 pc ukusuka mkhanyo.

Umzekelo, ubukhulu -26,7 yethu kwelanga. Kodwa kumgama iiPC 10 inkwenkwezi yethu kuba eye into kunzima ephawuleka ngobuninzi yesihlanu. Oku kulandela ukuba xa ephezulu iqaqambile besixhobo yasezulwini, okanye, njengoko bathi, amandla ukuba nkwenkwezi imitha ngeyunithi nganye kwexesha, kokukhona kungenzeka ukuba ubukhulu elililo yenjongosenzi ukuba engenaxabiso. Kwelinye icala, inowuthi luminance, kungona ixabiso ezakhayo nto.

I iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya

Zonke ziinkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo abonakale ukukhanya. Omnye kukhanya kancinci ubukhulu wokuqala, wesibini - buthathaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yale amaxabiso iqhezu ziye zaziswa. Umzekelo, ukuba ubukhulu ebonakala isilungiseleli seglosi layo liphakathi kuka iindidi I no II, ngoko kucingwa ukuba inkwenkwezi 1.5 iklasi. Kukho kwakhona iinkwenkwezi kunye magnitudes ka 2.3 ... 4.7 ... njalo-njalo .. Umzekelo, Procyon bobabo lekroza sentshinyela Canis Minor, kubonakala kuzo Russia ngoJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari. Its ibonakale ukukhanya - 0.4.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ubukhulu I multiple 0. kuphela inkwenkwezi phantse kanye ingqamana kuyo - oko Vega, inkwenkwezi aqaqambe kwi lekroza s. isilungiseleli seglosi wayo malunga 0.03 ubukhulu. Noko ke, kukho ukukhanya okukuwe licace ngaphezu kwakhe, kodwa ubukhulu wabo negative. Umzekelo, Sirius, leyo ibonakala zifaka ezimbini. likhanya - -1,5 ubukhulu.

magnitudes ezingalunganga babelwa kuphela iinkwenkwezi, kodwa nakwezinye izinto ezingcwele: iLanga, iNyanga, ezinye iiplanethi, enomsila, kunye nezikhululo isithuba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkwenkwezi, ukuba uyakwazi ukutshintsha ngobuhle bayo. Phakathi kwazo, kukho inala iinkwenkwezi eliguquguqukayo kunye ngezantya ezahlukahlukeneyo ayenechaphothi, kodwa kukho abo apho umntu bagcine pulsations eziliqela ngaxeshanye.

Ukulinganisa magnitudes

Ngeenkwenkwezi, phantse onke amanyathelo isikali umgama magnitudes zejometri. indlela womlinganiselo Photometric lisetyenziswa imigama emide, okanye ukuba ufuna ukuthelekisa iqaqambile yento nobumhlophe yayo ibonakale. Ngokusisiseko, umgama ukuya iinkwenkwezi elikufutshane ichazwe ngu parallax zazo zonyaka - axis semi-ezinkulu ellipse. Hewana laphehlelelwa elizayo kuya kwandisa ukuchaneka umfanekiso olubonakalayo lwe ubuncinane izihlandlo ezimbalwa. Ngelishwa ngenxa yebanga iiPC ngaphezu 50-100 kusetyenziswa nezinye iindlela.

Trip ku indawo evulekileyo

Kwixesha elidlulileyo zikude, yonke imizimba yasezulwini -langa baba ezincinane kakhulu. Umzekelo, Umhlaba wethu kwaba kanye ubukhulu Venus, nkqu kwixesha ekuqaleni - Mars. Ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, onke amazwekazi umhlaba wethu licinge uqweqwe oluqinileyo yezwekazi. Kamva kwandisa ubukhulu Earth, yaye amacwecwe yelizwekazi ahlukana kubini, ukudala ulwandle.

Bonke-Star kunye ukufika "nobusika galactic" ekhula lobushushu, likhanya kunye nokubaluleka. Linganisa ubunzima umzimba wasezulwini (umzekelo, Sun) kunye kwexesha kwandisa. Noko ke, kwakukho into yokungalingani.

Ekuqaleni, le nkwenkwezi encinane, njegawo nawaphi na amanye planethi ayemzonda ice esiqinileyo. baqala ukukhanya kamva ukwandisa ubukhulu de ifikelele ubunzima yayo kakhulu kwaye akakayeki lukhula. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba iinkwenkwezi ngamathuba athile kwandisa ubunzima ekuzeni galactic yasebusika elilandelayo, yaye off-ixesha lifinyele.

Kunye ilanga kwaye yonke inkqubo elanga. Ngelishwa, asingabo bonke iinkwenkwezi baya kuba nako ukuya kule ndlela. Uninzi lwabo zinyamalale ezinzulwini ezinye iinkwenkwezi ezinkulu ngakumbi. imizimba yasezulwini okujikeleza omise galactic yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kufutshane iziko, umhla wokuwiselwa phantsi kwenye iinkwenkwezi ekufutshane.

Galaxy - yinto supergiant inkqubo star-langa, apho kwenzeka kumnyele, nenomlanga, nto leyo eye yavela kulo izihloko ezincinane asakhulayo ukusuka kwinkqubo ezininzi iplanethi yethu. Le yokugqibela isuka kwinkqubo efanayo neyethu.

ixabiso ongu- iinkwenkwezi

ke akusekho imfihlelo kubonakala isibhakabhaka ngaphaya mnyama ngakumbi ngaphezu kuthi, kokukhona inani leenkwenkwezi, okanye onyamalala. Ukucutha ubukhulu - baneempawu kungcono ukuchaza nje ngenxa elubala bezulu, kodwa emehlweni le uzibonayo. Umntu unako ukubona ukukhanya lokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi ukungaqapheleki nje elundini, umbono wakhe neuropathy. Noko ke, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba lo vavanyo ngamnye ngamnye. Xa kuthelekiswa kuyajongwa zokubonwayo ezinjengeetelescope, umahluko ebalulekileyo na uhlobo yesixhobo kunye sangqa lens yayo.

Amandla ezinjengeetelescope irhasi sitsala imitha kwipleyiti lokufota iinkwenkwezi norhatyazo. Xa iiteleskopu mihla uyakwazi ukubona izinto likhanya 26-29 magnitudes. Amandla gaze zecebo kuxhomekeke eziliqela iinqobo ezongezelelweyo. Phakathi kwazo, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba umgangatho imifanekiso.

ubukhulu ogcwele kuxhomekeke kwimeko bume, ilens ubude, emulsion, nexesha elabelwe ukuba sesichengeni. Noko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nokuqaqamba inkwenkwezi.