Kwiphulo Ezilahlekileyo: iimfihlelo kunye nophando. ayehamba Lost Dyatlov ne Franklin

Uzuko kubo abangoyikiyo ashiye ikhaya efudumeleyo kwaye ezimnandi, netafile iindwendwe wangena angayaziyo, ebenza isichenge ubomi babo, kunye nenjongo enye kuphela - ukwazi yimfihlo okanye abanye ngokwenzeka yayo.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke maphulo ziphelile ngempumelelo. amaphulo amaninzi ziphazamisa zalahleka. Abanye abantu abazange ukuphatha ukufumana, wafumana iintsalela abanye musa kucacise ezibangela ukufa kwabo, enika iiphazili ngaphezu iimpendulo.

Uninzi hambo engekhoyo kunye namhlanje ndaba uphando, njengoko iingqondo ezintsha iyanditya iimeko engaqhelekanga nokulahleka yabo.

Ngomhla umzila kwiphulo elahlekileyo Arctic

Omnye yokuqala kuluhlu elibuhlungu ufakele Franklin hambo kuluhlu. Arctic isifundo waba ngoyena nobangela izixhobo hambo ngo-1845 Wawuza ukuhlola inxalenye engaziwayo ye Passage, edulusele phakathi Atlantic kunye neelwandle Pacific kwi ezinezinga ziingcathu, ubude malunga 1670 km kunye nokuvulwa olupheleleyo kwimimandla ezingaziwayo arctic. Le hambo kuphelela ligosa le zithuthi British - John Franklin oneminyaka eli-59 ubudala. Ngeli xesha wayesele lilungu matutu ezintathu ukuya Arctic, ezimbini apho wawo. John Franklin uhambo ilungisiwe ngocoselelo, ndiye sele belifumene ngamava Explorer polar. Kunye le nqanawa, yena iinqanawa "Erebus" yaye "Lunxunguphalo" (kunye ukubana iitoni malunga 378 neetoni 331 ngokulandelelana) owasuka IsiNgesi port Grinhayt 19 Meyi.

Imbali i Franklin mkhankaso ezilahlekileyo

Zombini iinqanawa kakuhle izixhobo yaye lulungiselelwe yeNavigeyishini kuyo umkhenkce, zininzi sele ilungiselelwe lula kunye nentuthuzelo le nqanawa. Le uyiphetheyo zithwele eninzi amalungiselelo iminyaka emithathu. Amaqebengwana, umgubo, yehagu ngetyuwa yaye yenkomo, inyama enkonkxiweyo, noninzi lwezinto intlama yejusi yelamuni nxamnye ezinokhwekhwe - zonke ulinganiswa neetoni. Kodwa ke, njengoko uyaziwa kamva, ukutya okunkonkxiweyo, nto leyo hambo cheap ubeke umlimi wobuqili Stephen Goldner, zaba mgangathweni kunye, kwingcinga abanye abaphandi, waba njengomnye unobangela wokufa oomatiloshe ezininzi ukusuka Franklin kwiphulo.

Ngehlobo lowe-1845 izihlobo abasebenzi bafumana oonobumba abambalwa. Kwileta wathumela Osmer, ukugcina kunye "Erebus", watsho ukuba silindele ukubuya kwabo kwilizwe labo ngo-1846. Ngowe-1845, abathetheli iinqanawa whaling noRobert Martin Dunnett wamxelela ngalo intlanganiso iinqanawa ezimbini hambo, balindele iimeko ilungelo ukuwela Strait of Lancaster. Abathetheli baba baseYurophu lokugqibela ukubona live Dzhona Franklina kunye ngohambo lwakhe. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, 1846 no 1847 naziphi na iindaba ezivela hambo ziye ibike kwe 129 lamalungu ayo bebemke ngonaphakade.

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Iqela lokuqala uphendlo kwi umzila wenqanawa ungaziwayo ithunyelwe ngumfazi wakhe Dzhona Franklina kuphela 1848. Ukongeza imikhombe Admiralty ukukhangela umkhenkethi ezanyulwa 1850, wajoyina iqela iimpahla ezilishumi: elinanye kubo fanele ku iBritani ezimbini - Melika.

Ngenxa yoko, le kumaqela elide gqolo uphendlo ndifumene imizila ohambo: amangcwaba ezintathu oomatiloshe kwabafileyo, iinkonkxa uphawu Goldner. Kamva, ngowe-1854, uJohn Rae, i ugqirha IsiNgesi kunye mhambi, imikhondo amalungu ohambo kwi kwintsimi yanamhlanje-kwafunyanwa amaphondo Canadian Nunavut. Ngokutsho Eskimos, abantu abeza emlonyeni lomlambo Bac, babulawa ekufeni, yaye phakathi kwabo bantu mu.

Ngowe-1857, umhlolokazi Franklin emva elilize lizama ukulukuhla urhulumente ukuthumela elinye iqela yokukhangela ngokwayo uthumela uhambo ukufumana ubuncinane ezinye imizila indoda yakhe ebilahlekile. Xa zizonke, bekhangela Dzhona Franklina kunye neqela lakhe baya 39 amaphulo polar, abanye babo yenziwe yabakho imali umfazi wakhe. Ngowe-1859, amalungu olunye uhambo kwakhokelela ligosa, uWilliam Hobson, ukuba umyalezo ebhaliweyo malunga ukufa Dzhona Franklina Juni 11, 1847 xa iphiramidi samatye.

Izinto ezibangela ukufa Franklin uhambo

150 iminyaka wahlala ayaziwa, ukuba "Erebus" yaye "Lunxunguphalo" ziye ngokungqubana ngumkhenkce, kwaye iqela, banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye umkhombe, ezama ukufikelela elunxwemeni waseKhanada, kodwa nakwiimeko ezinzima Arctic kusenokwenzeka ukuba basinde namnye.

Namhlanje, ikhaliphileyo John Franklin kunye ngohambo lwakhe eziphefumlelweyo amagcisa, ababhali, ababhali script ukudala imisebenzi ezithetha ubomi yabalinganiswa.

Iimfihlelo neSiberia

Iimfihlelo Lost mkhankaso aliyeki ukuba ukuvula iingqondo bomhla zethu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha okuqhubekayo namhlanje umntu xa enga- emajukujukwini, wakhangela ezinzulwini zolwandle, watyhila imfihlelo ngumongo atom, sihlale phaku, iziganeko ezininzi angaziwayo kwenzeka umntu emhlabeni. Ezi ezifihlakeleyo yeminye hambo ezingekhoyo kwi-USSR, kunazo zonke kubo iqela tour Dyatlov.

Lo mmandla omkhulu kwilizwe lethu, kunye hlathi yayo qembu eSiberia, iintaba zamandulo phambene, ngokwahlula kwilizwekazi ibe ngamaqela amabini ehlabathini, namabali amaninzi efihliweyo ndineemfesane zomhlaba, bekusoloko kwatsala iingqondo we abaphandi. Ukulahleka hambo kweli hlathi - inxalenye kabuhlungu yembali yethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba abasemagunyeni eSoviet wazama ukufihla okanye ukushiya le ntlekele, malunga baninzi amaqela latshabalala, amarhe wokuhlanganisa amabali nakala ukufikelela abantu.

iimeko ukuncipha ngokufa Igorya Dyatlova kunye ngohambo lwakhe

Ngenxa igama ntaba Holat-Sjahyl (bona bubonakala "iNtaba Abafileyo"), ibekwe kwinxalenye esemantla Urals, uhlobene mfihlelo enye engekasonjululwa ezinxulumene kwiphulo elishiyiweyo kwesi USSR. Abahlali kwezi nkalo yobuhlanga Mansi Ridge enikwe esazi yi igama eyoyikisayo: amaxesha amaninzi apha yaphela ngokupheleleyo okanye babulawa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, abantu okanye iqela labantu (ngokuqhelekileyo ezimalungu 9). intlekele ukuncipha Kwathi entabeni ebudeni bobusuku ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwezi-2 Februwari 1959.

Kwaye eli bali laqala nesibakala sokuba ngoJanuwari 23 iqembu abakhenkethi Sverdlovsk ezilithoba, wakhokela Igorem Dyatlovym, waya ski xhuma izicwangciso, ukuntsonkotha ziphantsi kwelona nqanaba liphezulu, yaye ubude-330 leekhilomitha. Kwakhona, ezisithoba! Ingaba kwenzeka okanye akunakuphepheka ebulalayo? Eneneni, xa babehamba mini-22 ekuqaleni ababefanele ukuya abantu 11, kodwa ke omnye wabo ngenxa yezizathu ezilungileyo wenqaba ekuqaleni, kunye nezinye, Yury Yudin, bamisa inkampu, kodwa wagula kwaza kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya endleleni. Yonga ubomi bakhe.

Ukubunjwa lokugqibela eli qela, abafundi abahlanu, abaphumelela ezintathu phambene Polytechnic Institute, isiza kwinkampu uMfundisi. Lamalungu asithoba - namantombazana amabini. Zonke abakhenkethi abaqubhi umkhankaso abanamava yaye amava lokuphila phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Injongo komyalelo yaba abaqubhi xitsunga Otorten ukuba isilumkiso "musa ukuya khona" Liguqulwe lithatyathwa ulwimi Mansi. I-Februwari squad kakubi-lombutho ubusuku iye axhotyiswe inkampu kwenye kwamathambeka Holat-Sjahyl; encotsheni yentaba wavela kuye kumgama ezingamakhulu amathathu eemitha, kunye Mount Otorten - 10 km. Ngokuhlwa, xa band wayelungiselela sangokuhlwa, kwaye inxaxheba ubhaliso iphephandaba "Otorten Hosi" kwakukho into ukuyichaza ezimanyumnyezi. Yintoni ukoyikisa abantwana ukuze yaye kutheni babaleka ngokuphakuzela ngaphakathi yesihloko eso basinqumla khona intente, akucacanga unanamhla. Ngexesha lophando kwafunyaniswa ukuba abakhenkethi washiya intente ungxamile, abanye ke nethutyana lokuba anxibe izihlangu.

Kwenzeka ntoni mkhankaso Dyatlov?

Ngexesha elimisiweyo iqela abaqubhi sele akakabuyi, kwaye kubonakaliswa ngokwayo. Izalamane abantwana wavusa alarm. Baqala ke ukuba kuqhagamshelana nezikolo, nakwibandla loonyana bakaSirayeli eminqubeni, kwaye amapolisa, bafuna ukuqala umsebenzi yokhangelo.

February 20, xa isakhelo kokulindelwe ixesha elidlulileyo, ukhokelo Polytechnic Institute, iqela lokuqala ekhangela kwiphulo elishiyiweyo Dyatlov ethunyelweyo. Kungekudala emayilandelwe ngamanye amaqela ukuba inxaxheba amapolisa kunye nezakhiwo zomkhosi. Kuphela ngosuku lwamashumi omabini anesihlanu enyangeni uphendlo yazisa ezinye iziphumo: yafunyanwa ententeni, bahlabeka icala, oko - into acwengileyo, yaye hayi kude kwiindawo yokuhlala - imizimba yabantu abahlanu ogama ukufa sele okubangelwa emzimbeni. Zonke ngabakhenkethi babekuyo nxamnye kwizithuba ebandayo, omnye wabo ukwenzakala intloko iye yarekhodwa. Ngowe-mbini - iimpawu epistaxis. Kutheni Uphelelwe ententeni zihlangu kunye nabantu edlakazela ezilala ayikwazanga okanye akazange afune ukubuyela kuyo? Lo mbuzo kuhlala imfihlelo unanamhla.

Emva kweenyanga eziliqela ukucinga phezu kweendonga ngekhephu umlambo Lozvy ezine izidumbu kwafunyanwa amalungu hambo. Bona ngalinye Ukophuka yalityatya afunyanwa, umonakalo enyama yangaphakathi, ulusu-orenji kunye purple. Kwesidumbu intombazana ezifumaneka kwindawo engaqhelekanga - yena waguqa emanzini, yaye yena kungekho ulwimi.

Kamva, iqela lonke wangcwatywa Sverdlovsk e Michael Amangcwaba e emangcwabeni, nendawo yokufa kwabo luboniswa nelitye kunye namagama mbhalo kwabafileyo, ekhwaza "Kwakukho ezilithoba." Invictus Group Pass sele kwaziwa Dyatlov Pass.

Imibuzo ngaphandle iimpendulo

Kwenzeka ntoni mkhankaso Dyatlov? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukho kuphela iinguqulelo ezininzi kunye nokucingela. Abanye abaphandi ityala ngenxa ekuswelekeni UFO squad kwaye ubungqina wacaphula okuzibonela malunga imbonakalo ebusuku Intaba ye fireballs Dead mthubi. station yemozulu UMbuso abhalwe "izinto ungqukuva" ayaziwa kwindawo ukufa a squad encinane.

Xa olunye uhlobo lwale makhwenkwe baya kubuncwane ngokufihlakeleyo yamandulo Aryan, awusebenzeleyo wayebulewe bawenze bakhe.

Kukho lukile apho Dyatlova hambo elingekhoyo wafa ngokunxulumene novavanyo kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo (ukusuka wenyukliya lwepolitiki), kunye Ityhefu utywala, kunye esingakhatyelwa zipalini lwe umbane ibhola, kunye ngokuhlasela ibhere kunye Kubikula, kunye zekhephu.

Inguqulo esemthethweni

NgoMeyi 1959 kwaye kwenziwa isigqibo ngokusesikweni malunga ukufa Dyatlova hambo. Ukwacacisa ibangelwe: a uhlobo amandla endalo, nto leyo ukoyisa guys abakwazanga. Ngumtyholwa Ayizange wafunyanwa. Xa isigqibo kuNobhala yokuQala Kirilenko, ityala lavalwa, ngokungqongqo okuyimfihlo mazigqithiselwe ugcino kunye umyalelo, ukuze ndingalitshabalalisi de umyalelo okhethekileyo.

Emva kweminyaka 25 yokugcina, onke amatyala avaliweyo mthetho kutshatyalaliswa. Noko ke, "Kubhaliwe Dyatlova" ekupheleni kwexesha nciphiso kwaye ihlala elele ezishelfini enothuli.

Missing schooner "Saint Anna"

Ngowe-1912, le schooner "Saint Anna" ngomkhombe ejikeleza yaseScandinavia Peninsula kwaye wanyamalala. kweminyaka 2 kuphela emva sihamba emva mpumalanga V.Albanov esasihamba kunye namakhadi A.Kondar. Last waya yena, uye kakhulu utshintshe uhlobo lomsebenzi yaye nabani na unqwenela ukuxoxa ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na le schooner. Albani kwelinye icala, wathi ebusika ka-1912, "Saint Anna" engumkhenkce aba ngumkhenkce, kwaye uve ubunzima Arctic Ocean. NgoJanuwari 1914, abantu abali-14 ukusuka captain weqela Brusilov wafumana imvume ukuya elunxwemeni kwaye ngokwabo ukuba kwimpucuko. Endleleni 12 abulawe. Albanov iphuhlise njengesiphango umsebenzi, Uzama ukuhlela ukhangelo schooner icebound. Noko ke, umkhombe Brusilov akazange wafunyanwa.

Okunye uhambo olungekho

Abaninzi wabaginya Arctic: aeronauts ekhokelwa yi Isazinzulu Swedish Salomona Andre, Kara hambo phantsi Rusanov, iqela ibhala.

Okunye kulahleke hambo kwenkulungwane yama-20 enxulumene iimeko ezibuhlungu yaye kungakholeleki ngokufa kwabantu abafuna iSixeko Golden paititi emahlathini enkulu Amazon. Ukusombulula le mfihlelo 3 zobuntlola zenzululwazi kwahlelwa-1925 - phantsi kwesikhokelo unocanda British wamajoni Forseti ngo-1972 - Iqela Franco-British of Bob Nichols, kwaye ngo-1997 - qembu lwe semvelaphi Norwegian Havksholla. Bonke yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Ingakumbi bawabulala Ukunyamalala ngo-1997, xa izixhobo zobugcisa ohambo kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Baye ke bengafumani! Local athi wonke umntu okhangela kuba Golden City uya kutshatyalaliswa Uachipayri sesizwe - amaIndiya, abo olinda imfihlelo mzi.

ayehamba Lost ... into endimangazayo ubuxoki semfene ngala mazwi. Ezi Uhambo afakelwe waza wathumela ukuba basombulule ingxaki okanye ukucacisa ehlabathini ethile mfihlelo, kodwa Ukunyamalala yawo laba bexesha kunye nenzala kuyimfihlo ejulile.