Kwamatyala ratio: oxwebhu olungumgubo kunye nexabiso standard

Enye inkomba komsebenzi umgangatho amatyala. On kuqikelelwa mbutho ngetyala, umthamo yayo ngokupheleleyo ukuze ndihlawule izibophelelo ngexesha. Iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga ezi Umlinganiselo amatyala, ifomula ukulinganisela entsha ukubalwa Isalathisi nganye thaca kwinqaku ngezantsi.

intliziyo

Kwamatyala - ke izibophelelo cula impahla yenkampani. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe yahlulwe amaqela kuxhomekeke kwixesha yotshintsho sibe yimali angayifumana kwangoko. Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi kuqikelelwa:

• nokubanako inkampani ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiingxaki zemali;
• ukukwazi ukwandisa asethi imiqulu aphezulu ukuthengiswa;
• ukukwazi ukubuyela amatyala.

degree of amatyala

Ukunqongophala amatyala okuvakaliswa kungekho ithuba ukuhlawula amatyala kunye nokuzinikela. Kufuneka ukuthengisa impahla esingatshintshiyo, yaye kwimeko okubi - ukuze ndithengise kwiqumrhu. Ukuvuthuluka imeko-mali, nto leyo inzuzo esezantsi, ukulahlekelwa eyinkunzi imali ngabanini, ukulibaziseka yentlawulo umdla kunye nenqununu mboleko.

ratio Quick (Ngokwefomyula yokubala lomncono iya thaca ngezantsi) ibonisa nokubanako into kwezoqoqosho ukubuyisela ukusuka mali ezikhoyo kule akhawunti. solvency zangoku ezinokuchaphazela ulwalamano kunye abathengi nabathengisi. Ukuba lweshishini lingenako ukuhlawula ngexesha, ukuqhubeka kwalo ukubakhona ethandabuza.

Nayiphi Ratio (Ifomula yokubala imali ziya kumelwa emva koku) kumiselwa umlinganiselo kweempahla nezinto ezingamatyala lo mbutho. Ezi zikhombisi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ezine. Ngokufanayo, nawuphi umlinganiselo amatyala (Ngokwefomyula yokubala eseleyo ezifunekayo uhlalutyo komsebenzi), unako kumiselwa ngokwahlukileyo asethi fast and kade-ihamba kunye namatyala.

impahla

Kwamatyala - ukukwazi kweenkampani impahla imali ethile. Isantya yale nkqubo kanye ibonakalisa Ratio. Ifomula ekubaleni lomncono uya thaca ngezantsi. I aphezulu ke, ngcono inkampani "ngeenyawo zalo".

asethi Proranzhiruem ngokulinganisela lwabo ukuguquka ibe yimali:

• imali kwi akhawunti kwi-ofisi ibhokisi;
• amatyala, izibambiso Treasury;
• Kanjalo amatyala edlulileyo ngenxa kubathengisi, mboleko, Bank of ezinye iinkampani;
• izinto;
• izixhobo;
• izakhiwo;
• WIP.

Ngoku awabe-asethi maqela alandelayo:

• A1 (kakhulu engamanzi) yimali ekhoyo ebhankini, izabelo kwezinye iinkampani.

• A2 (wathengisa ngokukhawuleza): Ityala elifutshane elide batyalayo.

• A3 (slow-ihamba): sokubambisa, WIP, finvlozheniya ixesha elide.

• A4 (kunzima ukuphumeza) - asethi non-zangoku.

mpahla fanele kwiqela yayo, okanye ngokuxhomekeke ukusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ukuba umatshini-yokwakha mveliso lathe uya zibhekisela "ezitokisini yorhwebo", kwaye iyunithi wenza ingakumbi mboniso - asethi non-zangoku ngobomi luncedo kangangeminyaka eliqela.

amatyala

ratio, intsalela le fomula apha ngezantsi, kumiselwa umlinganiselo asethi ukuba namatyala. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe kwakhona yahlulwe ngamaqela:

• P1 - izibophelelo abaninzi babefuna.
• P2 - mboleko kunye isithuba seenyanga ezili-12.
• P3 - ezinye mboleko ixesha elide.
• P4 - amafa inkampani

Imiqolo ngalinye kula maqela kufuneka zingqamane iqondo amatyala-asethi. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi izibalo kuyanqweneleka ukuze kuphuculwe iingxelo-mali.

sheet balance yimali

Yobalo olunye kufuneka kuthelekiswa amaqela yovavanyo wemali. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle zilinganiso:

• A1> A1.
• A2> P2.
• A3> P3.
• A4

Ngaphandle kokuba le miqathango ilandelayo ziqhutywa ezintathu zokuqala, yena owesine uya kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Noko ke, ukungabikho kwemali omnye kumaqela-asethi ngeke neyalo intsalela kwelinye icala, njengoko ngokukhawuleza-mali ayikwazi indawo asethi ezicothayo-ihamba.

Ukuze ukuqhuba ebanzi yovavanyo ubalwe amatyala jikelele ingumlingani. Ifomula esikalini

L1 = (A1 + (1/2) * A 2 + (1/3) * A3) / (A1 + (1/2) * S2 + (1/3) * P3).

Ixabiso elilelona ka - 1 okanye ngaphezulu.

Of olo lwazi ayinayo iinkcukacha kwande. A yokubala olubanzi izikhombisi yokuhlawula amatyala olwenziwe liqela.

yimali ekhoyo

Ukukwazi iziko loshishino ukuhlawula amatyala elifutshane elide ngenxa zonke ii-asethi ubonisa ratio yangoku. Ifomula eseleyo (kumgca manani):

Cr = (1200 - 1230 - 1220) / (1500 - 1550 - 1530).

Kukho omnye algorithm ngazo ukubala ratio yangoku. Ifomula esikalini

K = (OA - ixesha elide uma- - Abaseki debt) / (.. Songa Amatyala) = (A1 + A2 + A3) / (Π1 + Π2).

Ukuba liphakamile ixabiso index, kokukhona kungcono pay. Amaxabiso kwayo zibalelwa isebe ngalinye imveliso, kodwa avareji uluhlu phakathi 1,49-2,49. Ixabiso ngaphantsi kwe 0,99 ibonisa ukungakwazi yenkampani ukuba ahlawule ngexesha, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-3 - umlinganiselo ophezulu-asethi ezingasetyenziswayo.

Ngumlingani ibonisa yokuhlawula amatyala yombutho, kungekhona nje ngoku kodwa ngamaxesha kaxakeka. Noko ke, loo nto ayisoloko ukunika umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo. Nezoshishino kuvezwa ngaphantsi olumisiweyo, ngelixa imveliso - rhoqo.

yimali Emergency

Ukukwazi iziko loshishino ukuhlawula amatyala ngenxa asethi quick thabatha inventri ibonisa ratio ngokukhawuleza. Ifomula eseleyo (kumgca manani):

KSL = (1230 + 1240 + 1250) / (1500 - 1550 - 1530).

okanye:

K = (amaxesha. DZ + amaxesha. Finvlozheniya + DS) / (amaxesha. Mboleko) = (A1 + A2) / (Π1 + Π2).

Ekubaleni le Umlinganiselo njengoko isitokhwe edlulileyo kwikhompyutha. Ngokwemeko-kwezoqoqosho lwembono, ekuqondweni asethi iqela liya kuzisa inkampani ilahleko enkulu.

Ixabiso elilelona ka - 1.5 imiz - 0.8. Esi salathisi ibonakalisa umyinge namatyala zinokugutyungelwa nokuphuma kwemali evela kwizinto zokusebenza. Ukwandisa ixabiso ngesi salathisi ifanele ukwandisa isixa-mali yaye umdla mboleko ixesha elide.

Njengokuba kunjalo elidlulileyo, ixabiso isalathiso mkhulu kuno-3 ibonisa isakhiwo eyinkunzi eziququzelelwe ezingenangqondo, nto leyo ibangelwa inventri yesikolo zize akhawunti ukukhula efunyenweyo kade-ihamba.

eyafakwa ingundoqo

Ukukwazi iziko loshishino ukuba uhlawule ityala ngenxa cash flow ibonakalisa ratio imali. Ifomula eseleyo (kumgca manani):

Cal = (240 + 250) / (500 - 550 - 530).

Ixabiso elilelona ka - ngaphezulu kwe-0.2 imiz - 0.1. Ibonisa ukuba yi-20% zamatyala elide mbutho unokukwazi ukuhlawula off nangoko. Nangona amathuba kuphela theoretical component nasisihlo kufuneka intlawulo olungxamisekileyo zonke iimali-mboleko, kufuneka bakwazi ukubala nokuhlalutya umlinganiselo amatyala epheleleyo. Ifomula esikalini

K = (Short. Finvlozheniya + DS) / (Short. Mboleko) = A1 / (Π1 + Π2).

Ukubala kwakhona isebenzisa Ratio ezibalulekileyo. Ifomula esikalini

CCl = (A1 + A2) / (P1 + P2).

ezinye Iimpawu

capital uphume: A3 / (AO - A4) - (P1 + P2).

ukwehla kwayo Dynamics kubonwa nje into entle, kuba ezinye iimali engumkhenkce ngayo njengoluhlu lwempahla akhawunti ezifunyanwayo, uyakhululwa.

Isabelo-asethi kwiphepha lomncono (yentsalela japan - A4) / balance iyonke sheet.

Of mali: (A4 - A4) / (AB - A4).

Lo mbutho kufuneka ubuncinane i-10% yenkxaso-mali esiyifumanayo kwi isakhiwo eyinkunzi.

capital ukusebenza Net

Esi salathisi ibonisa umahluko phakathi asethi zangoku kunye mboleko ehlawulwayo. Le yinxalenye elikomkhulu, oluthi luqokelelane ngeendleko kwamatyala lwexesha elide kunye nokulingana. Ifomula kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Net capital = OA - mboleko elifutshane = p 1200 - p 1500..

Kwakuwo impahla zangoku phezu namatyala ibonisa ukuba inkampani uyakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala, uye reserves lokwandisa. ixabiso Standard - mkhulu kuno-zero. Ukungabikho yokusebenza eyinkunzi ibonisa ukungaphumeleli lombutho ukuhlawula isibophelelo, kwaye ezithile ebonakalayo - ekusetyenzisweni ngqiqweni kwezibonelelo.

umzekelo

Ngelo kwibalance sheet kubandakanya:

• Imali (DS) - engange 60 000.
• lutyalo-mali lwexeshana (KPH) - 27 000 engange.
• Akhawunti ukufunyanwa (DZ) - engange-120 000.
• OS - 265 amawaka engange ..
• IA - amawaka 34 engange ..
• Uluhlu lwempahla (PL) - 158 000 engange.
• mboleko Long-term (CP) - 105 000 engange.
• credit zexesha elifutshane (CC) - 94 000 engange.
• mboleko Long-term - 180 amawaka engange ..

Kufuneka ukubala ukungavumelani kwe amatyala epheleleyo. Ifomula Ukubala ngu:

Cal = (60 + 27) / (105 + 94) = 0,4372.

Ixabiso elilelona ka - ngaphezulu kwe-0.2. Le nkampani uyakwazi ukuhlawula 43% kokuzinikezela kwinkqubo evela mali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki.

Thina ubale ratio ngokukhawuleza. Ifomula esikalini

KSL = (50 + 27 + 120) / (105 + 94) = 1.09.

Ixabiso Ubuncinane i index - 0.80. Ukuba inkampani usebenzisa zonke iindlela ezikhoyo, kubandakanywa amatyala abantu abanamatyala, esi sixa siya kuba amaxesha 1.09 izibophelelo ezikhoyo.

Thina ubale Ratio ezibalulekileyo. Ifomula esikalini

CCl = (50 + 27 + 120 + 158) / (105 + 94) = 1.628.

nokutolikwa iziphumo

Ngokwazo, ezi okuza musa ukwenza intsingiselo, kodwa ngokwemeko kwiindawo zokubeka zichaza ngokweenkcukacha imisebenzi yenkampani. Ingakumbi ukuba ezinikezwa ngamanye izalathi ubalwe kunye ingqalelo ngakumbi lwengcombolo asethi ukuba mazibalwe kumgca ethile esikalini.

babelawula Illiquid ngeke ngokukhawuleza okanye usebenzisa imveliso. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kubalwa amatyala yangoku.

Lo mbutho, eyinxenye ye yeqela ebamb le, ibale ukungavumelani kwe amatyala kufunyanwa lwangaphakathi kunye ukuhlawulwa azifakwanga. Wazi ngcono ukubona yokuhlawula amatyala njengako ngokupheleleyo amatyala ingumlingani.

Iingxaki ezininzi ziya kubangela overestimation-asethi. Okuqukiweyo ekubaleni recovery yetyala akunakwenzeka kukhokelela ayilunganga (kuncitshiswa) uvavanyo yokuhlawula amatyala, data eziphosakeleyo kwi imeko yemali mbutho.

Kwelinye icala, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle ekubaleni asethi, amathuba okufumana ingeniso ukusuka apho esezantsi, ukuphumeza kulawulo amaxabiso izikhombisi amatyala kunzima.