Isifuba Pathogenesis kunye umyalezo weimeyile

isifuba inyumoniya - sisifo esingapheliyo kwaye idla episodic. Olu hlobo ngokuqatha uyaliwa. ukukrala Chronic ye kwimibhobho inyumoniya ebangela uvakalelo bhetele kwiimpembelelo eyahlukileyo yokusingqongileyo.

Isifo ilifa okanye ifomu ezifunyenwe. Siza kuqwalasela isifuba - Pathogenesis, iimpawu lwezonyango, unyango lwesi sifo. Konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi kwaye uyazi, ukuba intsapho umntu onesifo kwesi sifo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Le ngezifo kakhulu lumphilisa ephefumla ngenxa yokuhamba iingqameko ekhokelela emiphungeni. Ukuxhuzula ingathatha ngokwabo, kodwa kakhulu ngakumbi kwifama uncedo amayeza kuphela. Yintoni na Pathogenesis besi sifo? Icebo esi sifo lokuba ngenxa yencindi kwemfuneko zaveliswa, inkantsi kunye nokudumba yokukrala udonga ukuqina inyumoniya, kwaye isithuba phakathi kwabo uncipha. Ngenxa yoko, umoya Asingeni apha ngokwaneleyo ubuninzi, okungabangela ehlelekile ukuhlaselwa umoya, ukukhohlela, ukutswina kunye nezinye eliqaqambileyo zesifo sombefu.

Abanesi sifo, Ngokwezibalo,-5% yabantu yaseYurophu, ikakhulu ndisemncinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10. Nangona isibakala sokuba iyeza esoloko uphando ngezifo ezinxulumene ukungahlaliseki le bronchi, izizathu malunga nophuhliso, ngonyango kunye nothintelo phambi kokuphela zenzeka. Le umyalezo kunye Pathogenesis besi sifo bahlala bebeka zizazinzulu deadlock. Kodwa njani le sifo okhula?

Le Pathogenesis yesifuba

Pathogenesis - indlela esi sifo - iqulathe izigaba 2:

• Ngumzimba. Phezu ukungena ukuze amajoni omzimba ekuvuseleleni allergen kwenzeka uxakaxa ndizayo komtshiso oko.
• Pathophysiological. Abasabela endalo kwimibhobho inyumoniya kwinkqubo yokukrala ukuba kwenzeka emzimbeni.

Indlela of isahlakalo bronchospasm yakhiwe ngolu hlobo: ngokuba ixesha elide inwebu imazi ibonakalisa komthi inyumoniya iphenjelelwa isivuseleli. Nkcwe inwebu yangaphakathi, kwaye kukho hypersecretion, nto leyo ebangela ukuxhuzula. Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni ngexesha kuphuhliso sombefu inyumoniya?

Pathogenesis sikhaphe kwephulwa zilandelayo:

• Hyperestrogenemia, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni umsebenzi α-adrenoceptors nokuncipha kakuhle β-adrenoceptors. Nangokuvela angaphandle allergen ngokusebenzisana kwezi nkqubo iphuhlisa bronchospasm.
• insufficiency Glucocorticosteroid kwandisa amanqanaba histamine nethoni bronchi, leyo babe novakalelo etyabulayo.
• Hyperthyroidism. Esi sifo yondele yaye ngokukhawuleza ikhula abantu banda isixa hormone.

Le Pathogenesis yesifuba bubonwa iimviwo zeklinikhi zophendlo lwezifo. Utshintsho ezenzeka emzimbeni, kuba ngaphakathi, nangaphandle. iimeko zangaphandle eziphembelele uphuhliso sifo:

• yezengqondo emotional karhulumente;
• uxinzelelo;
• ukusebenza komzimba;
• exposure zamavumba;
• impembelelo etyabulayo kwemichiza;
• sezulu esibi.

zinto yangaphakathi:

• nokuphazamisa inkqubo yonyango;
• inkqubo omzimba buthathaka;
• ukungahlaliseki le bronchi.

House uthuli a baphembeleli ezinkulu, nto leyo ekhokelela sombefu. Iqulethe iintsholongwane ezininzi, ezo izakhi olomeleleyo.

The degree of ubukhali sokuwa

Nangona Pathogenesis besi sifo kunye sifo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko athathe amanyathelo. Ukuhlaselwa inokuba mifutshane okanye yokugqibela iiyure eziliqela. Emva kwakhe, isigulana iba ngcono kakhulu, yaye kubonakala ukuba wachacha ngokupheleleyo.

Konke kuxhomekeke kwisigaba sesi sifo. Umntu mabaqhelaniswe okungephi ngokuma kokuphazanyiswa. sigaba ezimandundu kunokuzibonakalisa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye unokuthatha iiveki. Le fomu kuthiwa status asthmaticus. uqhambuko Ezo kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kungabangela ukufa.

Kuye iindlela zayo pathogenetic ye Pathogenesis ukuba ifomu nganye. Ukusuka jikelele uyakwazi ukwahlula inguqu reactivity nobuzaza inyumoniya iye kuviwa ngenxa yeziphumo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye imithi.

Xa unobangela - yofuzo

Umntu yofuzo isifuba ukuze abe ukubonakaliswa kwayo, okanye ingaba oko kuya kuba negalelo na ubudala:

• 50% - yobudala yabantwana (iminyaka eli-10);
• 30% - ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-40;
• 20% - emva kweminyaka engama-50.

into ilifa ngoyena nobangela zesi sifo. Ukuba abazali ubunzima asthma, amathuba ukuba izifo ziza kudluliselwa umntwana yi-30%. Noko ke, phezu kwegazi yayo kwenzeke, kufuneka ibe yinto ukuba bamqumbise.

Oko kukuthi, xa isambuku, kwiimeko zangaphakathi zangaphandle yokuba yofuzo kwandisa umngcipheko yokuqalisa kukukrala esosulelayo womatshini eziliqela amaxesha.

Ukunisa izinto yesifuba

Yomoya kubantu nesi sifo, udikwa kunye ethe kakhulu. Eshukumisa izinto ezibangela ukuxhuzula, ukolunye ucingo kusungula:

• iimeko zemozulu;
• iimeko zokusingqongileyo;
• pollen, ulisebenzisa, fungi;
• nokushukunyiswa ngokweemvakalelo;
• umzimba kakhulu;
• ukutshaya, icuba;
• imithi;
• imveliso ukudla;
• oluhlala nothuli;
• izilwanyana.

Umntu ngamnye unalo yokupasa ezahlukileyo Pathogenesis yokuhlaselwa sombefu nga ibangelwe zizinto omnye okanye ngaphezulu.

isenzo ngaphandle

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isifuba - eziliqela amanyathelo kwangaxeshanye emzimbeni. Zahlula ngokuqgibeleleyo ngokwamaqela ezininzi:

• usulelo;
• nomzimba;
• nokushukunyiswa mechanical nemichiza;
• izinto zemozulu;
• iziyobisi.

Ngu zamavumba ziquka uthuli indlu, umungu, ukutya, iziyobisi, isinambuzane, isilwanyana. kwamagciwane ezisulelayo: iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, nezinye izinto. nokushukunyiswa mechanical kunye imichiza okanye silicate yomqhaphu uthuli, umsi, alkalis umphunga kunye asidi. K iimpembelelo zemozulu ziquka naluphi na utshintsho kwimozulu kunye womoya.

Ngaba wokuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu b-blocker, kusetyenziswa ukulawula lwegazi, analgesics kunye amachiza-ukudumba. Ekubeni eyenza ungatshintsha indlela sifo.

Xa ingxaki ngaphakathi

isifuba inyumoniya uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngenxa ukungaqheleki ziqhubeke sifo, inkqubo yonyango, ukutya, ukwanda receptors umsebenzi isifo inyumoniya, ukusilela kwinkqubo luvo. Zonke ezi mpawu zibangelwa ukhetho yokuphila amahlwempu, izifo ezosulelayo, behlala ebugxwayibeni zokusingqongileyo.

Le umyalezo yesifuba

Le umyalezo kunye Pathogenesis besi sifo kukuba esi sifo owahlukeneyo kwaye unxulunyaniswa izizathu zeklinikhi epidemiological ebangela neziqephu bukhali. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umahluko iisoyi kunye ivame ulwahlulohlulo sub-category.

Relative ukuya kwinqanaba molecule ye Pathogenesis besi sifo kweentlobo ezimbini: uyalisa nobubele. Okokuqala, njengokuba umthetho, inxulunyaniswa kunye ngembali yosapho ezi zifo:

• onokhwekhwe;
• nokuthimliswa;
• abasabela papules erythematous;
• urticaria.

Nokubonakaliswa lokuqala lwesifo usenokuphelekwa iimpawu ezifana njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa, kukho ukuphelelwa umoya, amakhwelo, rattles kunye nezinye iimpawu sombefu.

symptomatology

Kuxhomekeka ubungozi symptomatology ngokumila sombefu eyahlukileyo inyumoniya. Umyalezo weimeyile, Pathogenesis, Ukuhlelwa lisekwa iimpawu ezifana abadumileyo njenge ukukhohlela encinane, ukutswina, ukuphelelwa umoya, iintlungu esifubeni okanye asthma. Xa iimpawu lokugqibela axilongwe ngugqirha - yinkqubo efunekayo yaye kubalulekile.

Xa kwagqitywa uphando, kwaye uxilongo lidla anyulwe inhaler. Kodwa kwiimeko apho isicelo yayo kwenziwa ngakumbi rhoqo kunokuba sele libhalisiwe, kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo kufuna uncedo kugqirha kokuya.

Ukuba ziqhubeka iintsuku 1-2, kwaye inhaler swi nga pfuna, kufuneka nokulaliswa esibhedlele. Ngexesha ukuhlaselwa Ukuphelelwa kunye nobunzima yokuthetha kuthiwa inqwelo yezigulana.

iimpawu Associated

Ngelo xesha zimbi isigulane sine-asabela landile ukuya amavumba ezibukhali kunye notshintsho obushushu. Oku kubonisa nokudumba ubulunga unyango ngamachiza. Enye yezona zinto okuphawuleka ukuphucula imeko ekufumaneni antihistamines ( "Zirtek", "Tsetrin" et al.) Kwaye, ngokulandelelana, emva inhalation. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo:

• isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu;
• umkhuhlane kunye buthathaka;
• Tachycardia (yabetha intliziyo rapid);
• isikhumba elinombala;
• zimpawu emphysema.

unyango Traditional ukususa isimo somoya akunakwenzeka, oku sikhatshwa kwinkxalabo elide ukomiwa nokuphila kakuhle. Le meko kunokuba yingozi.

Isantya impendulo abanesifuba impendulo kuthelekiswa inyumoniya ukuya allergen inokuba ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni. Kwimeko yokuqala uhlaselo luqala emva kwemizuzu 1-2 kunye nesiphelo imizuzu engama-20 kamva. Ubude iyonke imeko abanesifuba ungatsala iiyure ukuya ku-2. lamva ebangela ukungahlaliseki inyumoniya emva kweeyure 4-6, kuze emva kweeyure-8. Ubude ukuhlasela - Iiyure ezi-12.

iingxaki:

• Izitenxo emphysematous emiphungeni;
• etsolo Ukungaphumeleli zemigudu ;
• xa umoya engena lweHo- asakhasayo pneumothorax pleural.

Umyalezo weimeyile avelele iintlobo ezininzi sombefu:

• angaphandle (okunokwenziwa allergen);
• zemveli (kubangelwa uxinezeleko nezifo);
• nesisekelo mixed.

Eyona ixhaphakileyo isifuba atopic ifomu, olwenzeka ngenxa yofuzo ukuya negazi lakho.

Kubalulekile ukwazi

Into yokuqala ukuyenza - ukuba udibane nogqirha ukuba uviwo olupheleleyo, aseke ukuxilongwa kwaye ufumane iingcebiso unyango. Kuphela ugqirha wakho uyakwazi uhlobo izifo ezifana isifuba inyumoniya, umyalezo weimeyile, Pathogenesis, iimpawu lwezonyango, unyango. Kubalulekile ukuba umguli kunye nosapho lwakhe lonke babehlala bekulungele yokuhlasela ezintsha yaye uyakwazi ukunceda.

Ukuze ukunika uncedo olusebenzayo kufuneka ube inkcazelo epheleleyo ngazo zonke ezi mpawu, zigaba neentlobo esi sifo. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba yintoni na Pathogenesis besi sifo. Ngokufutshane, unako ukucebisa oku kulandelayo: Isicwangciso kufuneka kwenziwe unyango esicacileyo imiyalelo ezichaza ukuba ntoni xa kuhlaselo ahlekise. Nam ingcebiso, iingcebiso okanye ukuqeshwa likagqirha azinakho ukutyeshelwa, oko buxabise ubomi umguli. Imithi athathwe kanye njengoko kumiselwe, kuphela ngokwemithamo abonisiweyo amaxesha.

Kufutshane esandleni, naphi na apho ukhoyo uyagula, yena nentsapho yakhe kufuneka kusoloko amayeza kuyimfuneko, iziyobisi, uncedo lokuqala kunye inhaler. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina idayari iimpawu, ukulungisa utshintsho zabo baze bachonge etyabulayo echaphazela imeko mntu. Kubalulekile ukuba panic at the hlaselo lokuqala, kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo isenzo ngesicwangciso.

Oogqirha nangoku efundwayo ngenyameko sombefu. Umyalezo weimeyile, Pathogenesis, isifo clinical wavunyelwa ukuba enze isifo echanekileyo unyango abanobuchule. Ngokuqhelekileyo ugqirha imisela njengeeinhalers, olutshizwa, kwaye ubukho antibiotics losuleleko abaqeshwayo. Njengoko ukuvimbela isiphakamiso ebalulekileyo imiba nokukhutshelwa eshukumisa uhlaselo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka esweni ucoceko lendlu, ukuphepha iindawo ongcolileyo, wayeka ukutshaya uthabathe zonke yemithi.