Iphi na indlu Golden?

Golden Temple - isakhiwo zonqulo zokwakha, nto leyo ebizwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa zegolide yomhombiso wakhe. Kwihlabathi iitempile ezaziwayo-kakuhle - ezintathu, enye nenye ibekwe e-Indiya, kwisixeko Amritsar, omnye - kwisiqithi Sri Lanka, eyesithathu - e Kyoto, Japan.

Ngoko ke impendulo yombuzo apho ilizwe i Golden Temple, ayikho ayintsonkothanga, ngaphandle igama lisetyenziswa hayi kuphela izakhiwo zokwakha ezikwamanye amazwe ahlukeneyo, kodwa kwakhona ekwimo itayitile yencwadi, epapashwe yi umbhali Japanese Yukio Mishima ngo-1956.

Temple Harmandir e India

Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) nakwimo Indian Punjab e Amritsar, akhiwe kwi emdeni Indiya nasePakistan, nguye lo lesikhumbuzo indala yokwakha kwenkulungwane ye-16. Waziwa kwakhona iziganeko zembali ezenzeka apha kwinkulungwane yama-20. e yomSikh qhankqalazo.

Amritsar - isixeko kwesigidi sabantu, leyo ngemilinganiselo Indian kuthetha kancinane - iziko yembali yenkcubeko nezonqulo namaSikh, kwaye itempile ibekwe apha kuthiwa yingcwele ngokomoya million 20 aba bantu, ihamba ehlabathini lonke.

ukwakhiwa yayo ngo-1589 ngokwemiyalelo umlawuli Guru Arjan Virgin valentine. Le kwakhiwe isakhiwo ebukele * uKhesare yomSikh Randzhit Singha kwaye ngezimali kwiimali isixeko Punjab. Ngu kuqikelelo abakhi ukuba nesingxobo igolide copper 100 kg kwakufuneka metal anqabileyo.

indlu engcwele imi kwisiqithi engqongwe ngasemanzini "Lakes ukungafi" (Amrta Barn), apho amanzi ukuqondwa namaSikh sele ephilisa izakhiwo. Xa ichibi iintlanzi ebomvu, zeCARP. Uninzi matyendyana ozama ukudada echibini, nokuba baphiliswe kuzo izifo zabo.

Xa ifoto iTempile Golden kunokubonwa ukuba kwisakhiwo uyakwazi ukuya ngaphesheya ibhulorho, emva acandacanda esangweni kunye ngumgcini walo. Ngaphakathi ligcinwa incwadi engcwele Guru Granth Sahib, nto leyo yingqokelela neengoma zonqulo. Bona gurus 10 iinkonzo abathathu eDibanisa okuninzi: i namaSikh, amaSilamsi amaHindu, kwaye wabulawa ngexesha imini kusitsho izixhobo zomculo.

Harmandir bokwakha - esasidibanisa yamaHindu kunye neendlela yamaSilamsi, nayo iqulethe iimpawu zayo yokuqala, uThixo amajukujuku baso xa elimile iLotus -sibonisa yomSikh ukuzibophelela ubomi ngaphandle imikhuba nezono. Ngokutsho kujikelezo chibi itempile ibhastile njengekhephu-ezimhlophe, inxalenye esezantsi kweendonga nto leyo Imbasa imifanekiso izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Kukholelwa ukuba itempile luvuleleke kubo bonke abantu bazo zonke iinkonzo kunye nombala, ngoko ngokomfanekiso ngayo amagalelo 4 iincam. I-guru yokuqala, ekuthiwa ngokwakhe umlamli osisilumko, washumayela ngokunyanisekileyo ukulingana kunye nobuzalwane kubo bonke abantu.

Legend of the "Ichibi ukungafi"

Xa legend yamandulo Golden ezazisendlwini echibini ecaleni ixelela ibali okweqanda abanekratshi, uyise wakhetha umyeni. Noko ke, yena kunye naye akazange avume yaye akazange afune ukutshata, kuba utata wagqiba ekubeni seniyinika lo umntu wokuqala abaza kuhlangana nabo endleleni. Isoka senile izilonda ukuhamba, oko akuzisileyo ukuya kweli chibi kunye ngasekhohlo.

Kuba umyeni umtshakazi wabuyela umntu eyinzwana, kodwa ke inkosazana abazange bakholwe kuye, wanyanzelisa ukuba yena waye esisibulala yendoda yakhe. Kodwa le ngozi yenze ntombazana wamphendula emanzini chibi wafumana weentaka 2 abamnyama, baba aselemhlophe ukuba isuka, ngoko ke inkosazana wayekholelwa ukuba nesoka lakhe ngokungummangaliso waphilisa ngamanzi angcwele.

Temple ezingcwele kwinkulungwane igazi 20

Ezi ziganeko zembali zenkulungwane yama-20. Bekulula esibuhlungu egazi, sikhatshwe ukubulawa kwabantu. Ngo-1919 kwakukho kubulawa kwi Dzhallianvalabagh Square ekumbindi Amritsar, elisuke laba elinye lamaphepha iintloni kwamathanga British kweli lizwe. April 13, 1919 kweso sixeko umdla abahambi ezininzi ukuba babhiyozele Vaisakhi yomSikh kunye yaseBritani Jikelele R. Dwyer wayalela umkhosi ukuba kutolwe nabani na, ngokoko elahlekileyo ulwazi malunga 1 amawaka. AmaIndiya-amaMuslim. Emva kwezi ziganeko, Gandhi kunye nabalandeli bakhe wayiqhubela intshukumo non-nokubambisana, waqala umzabalazo ukuzimela-Indiya, iye waba ekuqaleni logwayimbo lonke.

Emva iziganeko zomkhosi ngesiphumo igazi kwenzeka apha ngo-1984, xa inkokeli yomSikh uYohane. Bhindranval kunye namaqabane akhe ahlala indlu Golden e Amritsar kwaye owakuxelayo oko kwasekuqaleni le kumzabalazo ezimeleyo yomSikh karhulumente Khalistan. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi wayalela ukutshatyalaliswa la, leyo kwenziwa ngumkhosi Indian kunye namajoni vehicles. Isiphumo soku yaba kwesidingo yomSikh ubunqolobi waza wabulawa Indira Gandhi ngu nonogada bakhe, nabo kwi-yomSikh ubuzwe.

Itempile engcwele wawusele yatshatyalaliswa kwezi ziganeko, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha iza kubuyiselwa. Ukwazi apho Golden Temple, beze kunqula amaninzi apha, ukuze azichukumise imimiselo zonqulo, wenze isangqa isiko hambe echibini okanye athathe nkxu kulo ukuba impiliso yomzimba.

Ngoku ihlala ivulekile bonke ababesiza, lendela abahlala apha rhoqo kumemelela ze bafunde iitekisi ukusuka kwincwadi ingcwele namaSikh, nto leyo ayihambi ngokusebenzisa izithethi kulo ezintsonkothileyo. vula mntanam yomSikh Museum, apho KUNYEnokutyhilwa ngembali yokubhuqwa ebantwini lo Mughals, i-British ne Indira Gandhi.

Golden Cave Temple e Dambulla

Enye impendulo yombuzo apho ilizwe kaThixo Golden - kwisiqithi Sri Lanka. Kuyinto amanqugwala zabanquli zamaBhuda kunye nabakhenkethi. Esi sakhiwo umqolomba itempile iquka itempile segolide kakhulu ehlabathini, kunye kwiinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwama-22.

Imbali ubalisa ibali endlwini kaKumkani Valagambahu ukuba 1. BC. e. Yena eBha- apha iintshaba zakhe, wahlala emqolombeni, yena lendela basekuhlaleni. kwiminyaka eli-14 kamva, wathabatha etroneni kwakhona, yaye wayalela ukuba ukwakha itempile umqolomba, njengokuba umbhalo uxelela ulwimi Brahmans, ebekwe mntanam kufuphi emnyango. Ukususela ngoko, iitempile e Dambulla yafumana abantu njengoko indawo apho abantu abasuka lonke amaBhuda lizwe ukuze banqule.

. Kule 2 eliwaka iminyaka phezu kwikhampasi kubaphathi siqithi ukwenza utshintsho oluninzi ebomini bam, kuquka:

• kwinkulungwane ye-12. UKumkani Nissankamalla wanika isalathiso ukugquma zonke 73 Buddha umfanekiso wegolide ecocekileyo, kungoko ke igama itempile emqolombeni Golden;
• ngenkulungwane ye-18. amaciko endawo nabayili baye utshintsho yokwakha nebandla iyaqhubeka unanamhla: ukubuyiselwa ngamaxesha lwemizobo usebenzisa imibala eyahlukeneyo ukumelana, izinto zokupheka eziqhutyelwa emfihlekweni enkulu;
• kwinkulungwane yama-20. Kuye kwagqitywa nenkundla pediments ngenjongo ukuyigubungela itempile ngumoya onamandla.

Yintoni ukubona etempileni Dambulla

Impendulo yalo mbuzo 'Ukuze ubone Golden Temple, ekufuneka uye ilizwe? ", Ingabe - to Sri Lanka e Dambulla. Kukho akwasala enye izakhiwo ezininzi mandulo zonqulo siqithi.

Esi sakhiwo ibandakanya Golden Temple, 5 umqolomba iitempile nemiqolomba ezininzi ezincinci (malunga 70), kwi ukwakhiwa kunye nokuhlaziywa eliquka phantse bonke abalawuli Ceylon. Sikhoyo phezu kwentaba kweemitha 350 phezulu iihektare 20 mmandla, zibonakaliswa a World Heritage Site yi-UNESCO.

Ezi zezakhiwo zenkolo nabasemzini nabakhenkethi imbali kunye nobugcisa amagcisa Sri Lanka ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Njengoko kuzo zonke iitempile zamaBhuda nezigodlo, ngoxa wayetyelele abahambi zakhe va ngokuvisisana hlabathi yakhe ngaphakathi, nto leyo inceda ukoyisa iimeko uxinezeleko onwabele Eyokuqiqa emangalisayo.

Umhombiso itempile yingqokelela eqingqiweyo ze Buddha, owayehamba Usukelo-2, kwakunye imizobo, ezo isihloko milestones ezahlukahlukeneyo ebomini bakhe.

Phantse yonke eqingqiweyo ze Buddha kwiitempile kumqolomba zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi pose ngokucamngca nzulu, kukho kunye nomfanekiso kaKumkani Valagambahu iinkuni. Xa umqolomba kwenye babujongwa nezimanga bendalo - ngoku amanzi, ngoko ophuma aye indebe legolide.

Enye nomqolomba udaka, kusetyenziswa phambi njengokuba ekhuselekileyo zasebukhosini abafazi nezacholo, leyo baphanga. Emqolombeni 18 zipeyintwe., On iindonga kunye nophahla nama-nye lamawaka. Buddha imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ezingaphezu kwama-50 emva kokuhlala kwayo kunye nezikhundla elele, Vol. H. eqingqiweyo mnye ubukhulu 9 m.
Ndingoyena mncinane emiqolombeni, leyo kubuyiselwa 20 c., Ingaba yeyona eqaqambileyo, t. To. Imibala Andinaxesha abakhu- iminyaka eli-100.

Temple e Japan: kwimbali

Enye isakhiwo yezakhiwo ekuthiwa Golden Temple eJapan, ibekwe ikomkhulu yamandulo Kyoto kwi kwintsimi tempile Kitayanmaden. Xa Japanese, igama izandi "Kinkaku-ji", Oko kuthetha "Golden inkundla".

I-Japanese bakugqala isakhiwo intle kweli lizwe, i-Golden Temple nokuba yamandulo ngakumbi Indian - kwakhiwa 1397 njenge villa ukuba ezinye yomphathi sokuyekisa ukusebenza, ngubani asiyeke wahlala apha de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Ngoku indawo ukugcina zingcwele zamaBhuda.

Igama "Gold" ibonisa nje kuphela inkangeleko, kodwa kananjalo izinto zokwakha, kuba imigangatho 2 itempile phezulu zigqunywe ngeemakhishithi zegolide yokwenene. Esi sakhiwo imi phezu komlambo elwandle, nto leyo esihle kakhulu ibonakalisa ukukhanya kwayo yegolide, kujikelezo amatye kulala ukuze ukuqaqambisa indyebo yalo kunye nangobuciko.

Temple, ngokwembono i Japanese - imfezeko omhle, original nobuhle understated: inokubhabha ngaphezu phezu Mirror Lake, oko kakuhle kakhulu ihlanganiswe indawo yokupaka. Architecture nendalo apha alingana ukudala umfanekiso yokuluka. Eli chibi ibekwe Iziko ngumntu-ezenziwe ufudo siqithi kunye Crane.

Indibaniselwano kwetempile kunye edikeni ebangela ufifi wedwa kunye cwaka, uxolo nokuzola, ibonisa wezulu nomhlaba ukubonakalalisa eliphezulu iimpawu zendalo.

Temple e Kyoto: isakhiwo

Ngenkulungwane ye-20. omnye lendela, Uyageza, yaye ukuze kujongwane ubuhle, sizibophelele ukutshisa amanqugwala, kodwa akaba kubuyiselwa kwimeko yayo yangaphambili. Le isakhiwo ibekwe kwindawo zobungangamela umyezo Japanese, iindledlana eligangathiweyo ezihonjiswe kwamachibi ezincinane kunye nemisinga, egqalwa omnye kakhulu intle eJapan.

Umgangatho ngalinye Golden Temple e Kyoto bunenjongo yayo:

• Ekuqaleni, ebizwa ngokuba "nococo lwamanzi kaThixo" (Hosuyin) engqongwe kweveranda, nibonise ngaphezu komhlaba ichibi indawo iindwendwe kunye neendwendwe, ngaphakathi wenza Villas isimbo ngabafo;
• ngomhla wesibini, sifunda indlu samurai yaye kuthiwa 'GROTTO lo maza "(Toonhora), ngokobutyebi ezihonjiswe umzobo Japanese, kukho igumbi umculo, nemihobe;
• Umgangatho wesithathu cell seal Zen ebizwa ngokuba 'Top entle "(Kukoto), kube ezimbini ezintle enhle lokuvula window, zenziwe indlela izakhiwo dha 14., kuba kubanjwe zonqulo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle egumbini ligutyungelwe amagqabi zegolide kwisiqalo black;
• phezu kophahla oqingqiweyo Phoenix Chinese.

Egadini ingumthombo Gingasen (Milky Way), Obona shogun sokuyekisa ukusebenza. Le ubuncwane kakhulu kuwe iholo Fudodo, nto leyo ibekwe isithixo dha Fudo sumoo.

Incwadi Yukio Mishima "Golden Temple"

Le ncwadi "Kinkaku-ji", iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi, kuquka kwi Russian (eliguqulelwa ngokuthi B. Akunin), sabhalwa ngowe-1956 kwaye ubalisa ibali iziganeko ngomlilo wokwenene etempileni, xa ngowe-1950 lo novitiate le weemonki akazange umlilo kwesi sakhiwo sihle. umbhali yenoveli - Umbhali Japanese Yukio Mishima, ibonakaliswa lizwe umdali wodumo ebonakalayo Kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Ngenxa kule ncwadi nokuthandwa yayo, abaninzi baye bafunda malunga ilizwe apho i Golden Temple nendlela isiganeko ezoyikekayo kwenzeka, ngenxa apho itempile anyukayo batshatyalaliswa.

Ophambili yenoveli - unyana wombingeleli ihlwempu Mizoguchi, lowo uyotywe ngutata wakhe evela amabali ebuntwaneni malunga ubuhle iTempile Golden. Emva kokufa kwakhe, yaya kumhlobo wakhe Dosenu, wakhonza Umphathi ibandla, ndaya esikolweni kwi-dha Academy. Ukuba uzenza imbonakalo embi nokuba isiphako ngokohlobo abanale, wayedla weza isakhiwo engcwele, equbuda ebuhleni biha ukuvula imfihlelo yakhe.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo ophambili engena eyunivesithi kwaye ufuna ukuba ezihlangwini ukuya umphathi, kodwa okuziintloni kunye nezenzo zenkohlakalo kwanyanzeleka Dosena atshintshe ingqondo yakhe.

Ngcembe intlungu ngaphakathi kunye nokungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo Mizoguchi ukufumana injongo wasemzini; ngokuba uthando lobuhle kunye nobukhulu etempileni, ugqiba ukuba awutshise, uze kuzibulala. Ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo, yenza umlilo iseti abaleke.

Mishima aliphatha ngayo indlu Golden njengoko ngumfuziselo efanelekileyo sokuhomba behlabathi, leyo, ngokutsho umlinganiswa ophambili, akukho ndawo kweli hlabathi ndimbi.

Okumiselwe Yukio Mishima

Bayahlelwa umbhali "Golden Temple" Yukio Mishima (1925-1970) naye kabuhlungu. Ukuba ngomnye wababhali abaziwayo Japanese kwe pores kwemfazwe, Mishima waba amaxesha 3 otyunjwe ngenxa Nobel Prize, wabhala iinoveli eziliqela eziye zithandwa neyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, "Indlu Kyoko", "Society Shield," "Ulwandle lokuzala", njl yakhe. imisebenzi kolwalathiso imisebenzi ohlukahlukeneyo ubomi loncwadi kunye: iinoveli yokuqala nikela kwiingxaki ubufanasini, ngoko ke wayenempebelelo lweentsingiselo yobuhle kwiincwadi. Mishima inoveli "The Golden Temple" yabhalwa kanye kweli xesha, uchaza olunzulu uhlalutyo ihlabathi engaphakathi indoda lilolo nokuxinezeleka yakhe.

Emva koko yapapasha "House of Kyoko," nto leyo kubonisa kakuhle eli xesha, ebangela uhlolo ebaluleke kakhulu malunga: amanye wabiza wobugcisa kunye nabanye - ungungantweni. Oku yayisisiqalo ngokwaphulwa nokuphoxeka olunzulu ebomini babo.

Ukususela ngo-1966, umbhali we "Golden Temple" Yukio Mishima uba ultra-ekunene, oko kudala iqela "Society ikhaka" empi, injongo leyo Yazisa ukubuyiselwa ulawulo zabalawuli. Nge-4 namaqabane akhe wayezama ukwenza revolution, apho lasekwa ngenjongo ukunika ngempumelelo ukuzibulala kwakhe. Ukufakwa yeli ziko lomkhosi, wenza intetho kuKhesare, uze wenze dule-Kiri, nabo ukugqiba kwisiko, bamnqumla intloko yakhe. Oko kwaba ukufa yobomi yombhali odumileyo Japanese.

Ngoko njani ehlabathini kaThixo Golden?

Akhoyo kumazwe ezahlukeneyo Golden Temple, wakha kumaxesha amandulo, ukuba izakhiwo zonqulo, iyileyo iye yaba yindawo apho abaninzi bafuna ukuba zihamba nabakhenkethi. Bafuna ukuba ndibhaptize ngokwabo nje kuphela kwimbali kodwa kwihlabathi iingcamango zonqulo, ekhuthaza ukufuna ubunyulu kunye nobomi nongenasono, ukuze ukuvisisana bume engqongileyo kunye nehlabathi engaphakathi umntu ngamnye nayiphi inkolo.

Imbali yezi iitempile ezipheleleyo iziganeko antsonkothileyo yaye iphikisana, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu kabuhlungu. Ezinye zazo ziboniswa imisebenzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle zoncwadi: omnye kubo ekwincwadi ethi "The Golden Temple"
Yu Mishima.