Iintlobo lwemisebenzi zebhanki. Settlement kunye nemali neenkonzo. Operations iibhanki izibambiso

Phambi kokuba uyayazi into, kukho iintlobo zeentsebenzo zebhanki, kuyimfuneko ukujongana ezithile iinkcazelo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni eyenza kanye ziko phantsi ingqalelo? Xa isigama kwezoqoqosho mihla, ibhanki isebenza isebe zemali kunye namatyala, ukwenza imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kokubini imali izibambiso. Ukongeza, ukuba ugunyazisiwe ukuba zonke iintlobo zeenkonzo kubantu ezahlukeneyo kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni, kwakunye, Kakade ke, urhulumente. Ungacinga ngeli isakhiwo njengombutho yorhwebo wadala ukunyusa iingeniso, ukwenza imisebenzi zebhanki ethile kunye nokunika amalungelo awodwa ukutsala imali amaqela wesithathu uze ukuwabeka egameni lakhe.

The main Ukuhlelwa

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje phantse yonke ingqiqo sele typology ethile. Ngenxa yoko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba imisebenzi ethile engundoqo zebhanki. Kukho nje ezintathu:

• ukutsala lwemali iidipozithi amazwe;
• imisebenzi credit;
• ukutsala abathengi ezintsha.

Cinga zonke iinkcukacha. Ngoko ke, uhlobo lokuqala ijolise ukhulisa mali ukuba iimeko yamkelwe ekubulaweni ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa yesivumelwano phakathi kwemibutho. Kwelinye icala, iintengiselwano zeentengo zemboleko azakubalulwa into yokuba imali ababandakanyekayo ngaphambili eyabelwe yibhanki egameni yayo ndikuzalisa kanye ngokungqinelana isivumelwano, esicacisa imiqathango kunye neemeko ngokubuya. Uhlobo lwesithathu kubaluleke kakhulu kuba, njengaye nawuphi na umbutho, baza kuphonononga isakhiwo zemali kufuneka uphuhliso oluqhubekayo. Ukugcina ubudlelwane ezikhoyo nezinomtsalane zochuku iinkonzo ezintsha kufuneka zinikwe ngokudala evuyisayo imeko kwentsebenziswano.

species

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yonke imisebenzi kweebhanki kwaye iintengiselwano zingahlulwa zibe esebenzayo kunye kwisixando sokwenziwa. Owayesakuba ngokwemveli kubangelwa mboleko. Le yengundoqo i uhlobo lomsebenzi, apho isakhiwo ochazwe ngasentla ufumana ingeniso. iimveliso Bank credit ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza inzuzo evela umdla abathengi ahlawule qho ngenyanga ngeenkonzo ezinikezelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba izinga lenzala ebizwayo xa kusenziwa imicimbi esebenzayo kufuneka ngaphezu izikhombisi ubungakanani kunye namatyala. Zonke ezinye iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yi isakhiwo zebhanki bangathunyelwa inani ukubala, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, nazo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela ezisisiseko.

Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi intlawulo iquka iintlobo zilandelayo: utyalo-mali kunye nomsebenzi yemali, kwakunye yokonga kunye needipozithi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yokugqibela beshumayela indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwinkalo zebhanki iinkonzo. Olu ke uhlobo ezingundoqo imisebenzi kwisixando sokwenziwa. Eyona njongo ephambili naziphi iidipozithi into ke esele ngokuthe ngcembe kwemali ekhoyo yebhanki. iintengiselwano Intlawulo yale hlobo zisiwe kwingxelo amaziko kuphela omkhulu karhulumente, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu imibutho yabucala kunye nabantu ngamnye onqwenela ukushiyela ibhanki ethile imali yabo.

imisebenzi Banking: uphuhliso

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umsebenzi kwezi ziseko rhoqo kwaye ngokuqhubekekayo phantsi kwiinkonzo enzima universalization, kwaye ke ngaphandle isiya isohluka nangakumbi. Iintlobo eyandisiweyo imisebenzi zebhanki, watshintsha intlangano yabasebenzi. Ukuvela kweentlobo ezintsha zemisebenzi olunemiqathango ekuphumezeni inzuzo ebonakalayo, bamlandela ukunciphisa ubungozi. La manyathelo kuba nefuthe elihle kuphuhliso ngakumbi imisebenzi Iphepha off-balance ungenako ayintsokothanga sezandleni nayiphi na ingeniso isixando okanye esebenzayo. Ngenxa yoko ke, iintlobo thaca zentengiselwano zebhanki hayi ibhalwe kwiphepha lomncono, baza bafumana kubo, iKomishoni ayikho kuxhuzulwa irhafu.

imisebenzi Iphepha off-balance eyaziwa ixesha elide, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuyinto kwemfuneko. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka zithanda iintlobo zalo ezimbini: kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo zezimali. Ezi ngokwemveli ziquka izenzo zolawulo, imisebenzi zokucebisa, kwakunye nesicwangciso kwerhafu kunye nemisebenzi mali. Kufuneka kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-ishishini isiqinisekiso. Kwakhona ibhekisa kwinani imisebenzi Iphepha off-eseleyo. Eyona lisahlulayo ukuba ibhanki kule meko ayikho kuphela umxolelanisi kodwa nje nxaxheba ngqo kuwo nawuphi na umcimbi. Ezi nkonzo zingasentla kuba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kuphuhliso ngokubanzi imisebenzi yemali isakhiwo mbuzo, ekubeni abavumela ukuba sandise imida isicelo.

izibambiso

Eli binzana ukuthini uxwebhu makangqinisise amalungelo empahla enxulumene nayo, kwaye unalo ikhono lokuzimela yokuphatha kwimarike kwaye inokuba isifundo ngokupheleleyo-njengaye nawuphi na umcimbi (umzekelo, ukuthenga nokuthengisa). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba izibambiso, kunokubangela ixesha-okanye ingeniso rhoqo kwaye sibenokubizwa njengendawo uhlobo eyinkunzi imali. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukudluliselwa amaxwebhu ezifana nezenzo ezenziwe emva kokuba ungeno kwi kwirejista ekhethekileyo. Ukongeza, kukho utshintsho lobunini ithetha ukutshintshwa onke amalungelo apho.

Securities idla ngokusetyenziswa lokuququzelela imisebenzi kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo ezikhoyo zorhwebo ezahlukeneyo. Ukwahlula credit (eyilwayo kunye iibhondi) kunye nezixhobo intlawulo (itshekhi). Onke la maxwebhu yenzelwe ukunika ukudluliselwa elula ngokukhawuleza ngamalungelo zombini imathiriyeli kunye nezinye iingenelo. Ngoko ke, yonke imisebenzi yeebhanki ngokhuselo zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

• akhuphe amaxwebhu yalo hlobo;
• nezenzo zokwakha iinkonzo.

Emva kokufumana ilayisenisi eyodwa ngaphezu nezakhiwo banelungelo uthembe amaxwebhu ulawulo eveliswa ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano esigqitywe kakhulu zomthetho, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nabantu. Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukuba enze imisebenzi zebhanki zilandelayo izibambiso: umba, ekuthengiseni, ekuthegeni, ukugcinwa kunye nokunik'ingxelo izinto ezichazwe ngasentla, ezo zisetyenziswa njengamaxwebhu intlawulo. Oku kunceda ukutsala imali kwi-akhawunti engamaphepha kunye needipozithi.

Eyahlukeneyo nababolekisi bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi mali ilandelayo: umthengisi, broker, elinguvimba kunye nolawulo lwako, ulawulo kwerejista yabanini, kakade, inkcazo izibophelelo phakathi kwamaqela nokubambisana. Makhe sihlolisise nganye kwezi ntlobo zingentla imisebenzi zolwimi ngokunzulu. Ngenxa yoko, udidi lokuqala ibandakanya ikhomishini imicimbi yebhanki yorhwebo kuhlobo ngeendleko zakhe yaye ngokwayo igama layo elifanayo. Uphawu Uphawu kukuba iqumrhu elisemthethweni kuphela inokufana kumthengisi. Udidi yesibini imisebenzi kuchaziwe kwizivumelwano, apho kweebhanki ashishinayo ligqwetha okanye myalelo, nazo zonke izenzo zakhe zibangelwa zesivumelwano esikhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi depositary luboniswa iinkonzo khomishini ukugcina iziqinisekiso kunye namalungelo akhawunti. Kwakhona, lo msebenzi osemqoka ifumaneka kuphela ukuya kubantu zomthetho. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isiphelo kwesivumelwano elinguvimba ebizwa njalo-ayilulo izizathu yokudluliselwa kobunini.

Yonke imicimbi engekenziwa yeebhanki zorhwebo kunye eyilwayo enxulumene nolawulo udidi, ejolise owayeze trust odolo izibambiso. Kulo mzekelo, i intshukumo kufuneka eqhutywe egameni ngesakhiwo yentlawulo ekuvunyelwene ngaphambili ngexesha kwesivumelwano obuxhasa umntu enze isivumelwano efanayo kunye elunxwemeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iya kuxhomekeka kuphela izibambiso, kodwa imali, eya kuthi ke kutyalwa kuzo, kwakunye nezinto ezibangelwa yolawulo ukutshintshwa kobunini. Ekugqibeleni, siphawula ukuba umsebenzi msulwa umlinganiswa sichaza iimbopheleleko sobabini amaqela. Kusenokuba iintlawulo, uhlengahlengiso noxolelwaniso ngeenkcukacha yenziweyo ebandakanya izibambiso kunye nokulungiselela ngeembalo ezahlukeneyo mali olandelayo.

umsebenzi ngqo nabathengi

Settlement and cash iinkonzo - enye inkalo ebalulekileyo zamaziko zebhanki, nto leyo equka ukusebenza nabantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukumela abaxhasi zithe zasabela lonke uluhlu lweenkonzo. Oku kungabandakanya zombini ukugcinwa nokuphathwa, ngokunjalo ubhaliso mali. Ngoko ke, iinkonzo zolawulo lwemali zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezininzi eziphambili: non-cash, imali kunye kwintengiselwano amazwe, ngokunjalo ekufumaneni. Kuba ulawulo olululo lwemali amaziko zebhanki umnikelo phakheji eyenzelwe. Kubo ungakhetha lowo ngcono luyaziphumelela iimfuno zabathengi nokulindelweyo.

iintengiselwano Non-cash

Ukubala zingasentla ngokwesithethe ebalasele ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo zonke ii-odolo, i inkqubo isaziso ingeniso kunye nenkcitho yemali ekhoyo, ukulungiselelwa nokungeniswa zombini iziphumo zethutyana kunye yokugqibela zonke inkqubo. Ulawulo phezu komyalelo kokuqhuba imali intengiselwano yale hlobo lwenziwa kunye ebhankini, ndaza uqhagamshelane umthengi ngayo. YokuGqithisela zihambisana nemiyalelo phakathi macala mabini ngasentla kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezimbini. Lokuqala - classic - ibandakanya ukunikwa amaxwebhu iphepha ngobuqu okanye nge proxy. Le ukhetho lwesibini ngenkuthalo zithanda kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Le banking internet. Le ndlela ulawulo kwenza kube lula ukuba ukude ukusebenzisa imali. sele nkqubo icetywayo ezisetyenziswa imibutho emininzi, ngenxa yokuba yonke imisebenzi kunye neemfuno zingathunyelwa phezu Internet, elikuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye balandela imiyalelo.

iintengiselwano lwemali

inkampani nganye yayo akhawunti ukutshekisha kwi ebhankini. Ezo ngxelo zisetyenziswa ayifane ekuveliseni iintlobo zezenzi yengeniso, ekubeni injongo ephambili kukubonelela ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwaye zithembeke ibe yeye-mali ngokusebenzisa odolo ezahlukeneyo amajelo. -akhawunti yebhanki zingenziwa kwi engange kunye imali yelinye ilizwe. Le ndlela yokugqibela echaziweyo ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa xa kunokwenzeka ukuba mbutho usebenza nge engamaphepha amazwe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ukuvula akhawunti ezintathu: ngoku, ukuba sendleleni kunye accounting. Okokuqala ayimfuneko ukuze kulahlwe nangoko lwemali ekhoyo, ingxelo yesibini ifumanekile imali, kwaye elesithathu isetyenziselwa ingxelo lwemali ezithengwe kurhwebo lwasekhaya. ebhankini amazwe imisebenzi akhawunti kunika umnini wayo uluhlu lweenkonzo: yokufumaneka kunye nokuthengiswa elandelayo kumanqaku ukuze umthengi; imisebenzi ukuguqulwa; intengiso imali yengeniso yamazwe angaphandle; transfer kuthetha ngokuvumelana kugqitywe imicimbi engekenziwa yokungenisa-kwamanye amazwe holder.

iyafuna

Emva koku kukho ixesha umdla ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa umsebenzi - intlawulo ikhomishini ngecredit card xa ubhatala ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kwakunye neevenkile ezahlukeneyo. Ezo zinto zifumaneka kuphela emva kokuba kwenziwe isivumelwano eyahlukileyo. Umbutho ukuba linoxanduva lokubonelela iinkonzo ngentla, obizwa ngokuba uyinikezelwayo. Ezinye iimbopheleleko ziquka ukubonelela nokufakela izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwakunye neevenkile, kwakunye nokugcina zabo elandelayo yaye, ke, ukuphunyezwa kwangethuba yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nokusetyenziswa amakhadi zeplastiki. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amathuba afanayo ziyafumaneka ukufumana iintlawulo nge-intanethi. Kule meko, iitheminali abafundi khadi indawo ziinkqubo ezizodwa, nto leyo yenze Wawuzalisa umthengi. Le nkonzo kuthiwa Internet uzuza.

Imali esesandleni

Njengokuba kunjalo kuzo zonke iintlobo zingentla imisebenzi zebhanki, esi sigaba sibandakanya izenzo ukuzoba neemali Client ngayo. Emva kokusayina isivumelwano yokuhlala kunye nemali iinkonzo umbutho ithuba lokuyila yetsheki. Kuyimfuneko ukuba afumane imali, nto leyo koko isebenze ukuxhasa imisebenzi zoshishino zenkampani, intlawulo zabathengisi bempahla ngokunjalo abasebenzi payroll. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kukho okunye okukhulu kubo bonke yetsheki abazi ikhadi lebhanki corporate. Ngaxeshanye kunye kuyilo kuvela inkqubo lokuvula i akhawunti ezinikeleyo, njengoko apho iziko lamatyala uya kukwazi ukugcina ingxelo yazo zonke izenzo ezenziwa nguye.

Ukubhaliswa komthengi ngamnye ngekhadi lebhanki kukuvumela ukuba ufumane i-extract ngawo wonke umvuzo nanini na ubale imali ekhoyo. Ukongezelela, ngoncedo lwenkonzo engenhla, indawo yokuhlala iyakwenziwa ukuhlawula iindleko kwiindidi ezimbini: iindleko zoshishino kunye neendleko, kunye neendleko ezihambelana ngqo nomsebenzi oyintloko. Iyokuqala iquka ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zeofisi kunye neencwadi zokubhala, iifayili eziyimfuneko kunye nezinto zokuqeqesha. Udidi lukwaziswa ngokuhlawula iinkonzo zeenkonzo ezinxulumeneyo (umzekelo, iinkonzo zeposi okanye zeposi). Ngaloo ndlela, uhlobo lwesibini lweendleko ezinokuhlawulwa kwikhadi lebhanki lenkampani liquka ukuhlala kunye nabathengisi, izihambi kunye neendleko zokuhamba (ezibandakanya ukubhuka kunye nokuthenga amathikithi, ukuhlawula indawo yokuhlala kwiihotele kunye nokutya kwabasebenzi, ukuqeshisa imoto). Ukongezelela, eli candelo libandakanya ukuhlala kunye namanqanaba afana nawo enkonzo ehambelana ngqo nomgca ophezulu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba zonke iindleko ezithunyelwe ngenkokhelo kwikharityhulam yebhanki yenkampani kufuneka zithathwe kwi-accounting accounts kuphela xa zilawulwa kwaye ziqinisekiswe ngamaphepha afanelekileyo ngokuhambelana neMigaqo-nkqubo yeThafu yangoku. Ngaloo ndlela, umsebenzi ochaziweyo apha ngentla unikezela iqumrhu elisemthethweni ngamathuba amaninzi ancedo kwaye yindlela yokuxazulula uluhlu lwemisebenzi eninzi. Sibhala ezinye zazo:

• Ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwemali yangaphandle;
• Ukwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo eziqhubekayo (ngelixa kunciphisa amathuba okulahleka okanye ukweba kweemali, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwekhadi ngokwayo, unokukuvimba ngokukhawuleza);
• Ukugcinwa kwexesha elininzi (akukho mfuneko yokuba umgca kwiedkski zeebhanki zebhanki);
• Ubunokwenzeka bokufikelela kwixesha elijikelezayo-mali (umzekelo, ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa umda okhoyo);
• Ukuqinisekisa ukulawula okulula nokukhawuleza kwiimali eziphendulayo (uxhulumaniso lwe-SMS-notification option, kunye nokuzaliseka kwezicelo zeengxelo kunye neenkcukacha ezipheleleyo iinkcitho);
• Ukubonelela ukuhlukahluka kolawulo ngokuxhomekeke kumzekelo owamkelwayo (ukuhlula amabalazwe amaqela abe ngamaqela okanye ukudibanisa konke kwiakhawunti enye nomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo);
• Ukwandisa amathuba (ukwenza iintlawulo ezininzi, ukuhlawula imali ngokugqithiseleyo imali ekhoyo ukulungiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwemali, kunye nokuthenga nge-intanethi).

Ekugqibeleni

Ukuqhubela phambili, kungagqitywa ukuba imisebenzi yebhanki ijoliswe ekusebenzisaneni okufutshane kwintlangano yemali kunye nomthengi obhenelayo kwaye abandakanye uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zeenkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, izikhokelo ezisisiseko zinokuqwalaselwa ngeentlobo ezimbini. Le ngetyala kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zemali. Oku kubandakanya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwi-akhawunti yebhanki, ukufumana amaphepha eentlawulo, ukubhaliswa kweencwadi zokutshekisha, ukukhutshwa kwezatifikethi ezifunekayo kunye neengxelo malunga nemo yeakhawunti yangoku yekhasimende, izenzo kunye namakhadi eplastiki kunye nokunye okuninzi.