Iindlela ukukhusela Freud ngemizekelo. Iincwadi Psychology ongcono ukufunda

iindlela Defense Freud amele impendulo ingqondo othile kwizinto yangaphandle ukuba kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Abaziqonda ekhoyo kwaye senze umbono wayo, ukuba ukunceda ekunciphiseni ubungozi ntshikilelo.

le nkcazelo

iindlela zothintelo - yenye iingqiqo ezibalulekileyo psychoanalysis, nto leyo indlela yokuzikhusela (oko kukuthi, ukhuselo "Mna" lakhe), i pulses ulawulo embi efunyanwe lokuqonda koluntu. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo imithetho yentlalo kunye nezithethe, leyo, phofu, ukuba ukubeka uxinzelelo ngamnye. Indlela ukuziphendulela eyenzelwe ukukhusela abantu iimvakalelo kunokwenzeka namaxhala, ezo zibangelwa ukungalingani iinkolelo zentlalo izimvo womntu. Lo gama kuqala avakalisa ngo-1894 yi-wengqondo odumileyo uSigmund Freud.

Types of iindlela zokuzikhusela

Ngenxa iimpawu ngabanye abantu esibaziyo siziphatha ngolunye uhlobo ziyakhuthazeka, uxinzelelo eyenza ngaphakathi. Kulo mba, ezi ndidi zilandelayo iindlela zokukhusela kungathiwa:

• ukufuduka;
• zibalo;
• kufakwe;
• asemakhaya;
• yokusabela kwenkumbulo;
• nokushiywa;
• sublimation;
• Ukuphika.

iimpawu ezingundoqo iindlela zokuzikhusela

A Inani iimpawu kufuneka iindlela zokhuselo Freud. Izibonelo ubomi benene kubalulekile ukufundela ukuqonda uhlobo lo mmangaliso. Ngoko ke, iindlela ukuziphendulela le mihlaba ilandelayo:

• i uhlobo self-inkohliso, njengoko ibonakaliswa kwinqanaba abazi;
• bayasigqwetha kwimbono leyinene, nto leyo ibe ngakumbi yingozi abantu ngaphezu isisongelo kanye ngoku;
• bamele reactions icala ngokwasemphefumlweni iziganeko kwezendalo;
• enokuvela ngenxa yokoyika ukuba inkqubela ezimbi uya angashenxela kudidi ephilayo.

ukufuduka

Ukuqwalasela iindlela zokhuselo Freud, okokuqala zonke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukubana. Yinto uhlobo isiseko apho kamva nga kuyilwa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi. Ingcinezelo i "ndizilibala" okanye "cima" ezingqondweni zabo iimvakalelo neengcinga ezibangela ubuhlungu nasengqondweni. Kulo mzekelo, i memory asiqhubeki iziganeko landulelwe yiloo yokwenzakala.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubana ayikho epheleleyo. Kukho usoloko unomngcipheko ukuba iinkumbulo iziganeko ezingemnandi iluqhekeze phandle, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba ukusebenzisa imali emikhulu yamandla ingcinezelo yabo. Oku ichaphazele nakuphuhliso lobume yomntu. Noko ke, ukuba indlela ukubana umthwalo, stimulus ukuze ivele ephupheni okanye isiliphu kwi ubhukisho.

iindlela ukukhusela Freud ziboniswe ebomini. Ngokomzekelo, umyeni enesidima, ngenxa imigaqo yayo yokuziphatha, oku kuvumela ithuba ewolo emfazini wakhe. Yena lenkosikazi ngamandla iingcinga ezinjalo kunye neminqweno. Noko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba nguThixo ephupheni, uthatha inxaxheba iziyolo lowolunye uhlanga.

kwelivi

Kwiimeko ezibangela phantse lonke izakufunyanwa iindlela zokuzikhusela. Freud phezu kwindawo yesibini kukho kwingqikelelo. intsingiselo yalo usendleleni yokuba umntu uzama bayeke iingcinga zabo, iimvakalelo kunye neemeko zobomi kwabanye abantu. Ngoko ke, akukho ethwele naliphi na ityala kunye noxanduva ngenxa yeentsilelo zabo kunye neengxaki.

Ngokomzekelo, omnye umfundi okanye umfundi lowo ubengayilungiselelanga uviwo. A uphawu embi, yena uzama ukuzithethelela unyango eyonakalisayo ngakwicala ngutitshala. Ukuba sithetha leembaleki, baphele zabo, badla ityala umgangatho abaziintsizana izixhobo zokudlala, intsimi ukudlala kunye ngusompempe olungafanelekanga.

replacement

Ukuqwalasela imizekelo yeendlela zokuzikhusela ngokwasengqondweni, Awukwazi indiva ilalela. indlela yalo ukuphambukisa ingqalelo kude kufuna kwenye into. Owona mzekelo iphawulekayo lo matshini amanyathelo - abazali bam ukuba ngumntwana, ohlwaywe ngenxa izilima. ukungabinako ukuyiphendula, uthabatha uyaphuma umsindo wakhe umzalwana omncinane okanye udade, ukukhaba okanye ukuphula zokudlala.

Ukufaka asabela sizalwa kuphela abantwana kodwa abadala abaninzi. Umzekelo, abasebenzi badla phantsi ukuhlaselwa nezigxeko malunga yinxalenye yolawulo. Ukoyika ukuphelelwa umsebenzi eyeka phambi kwabasemagunyeni ukuze baphendule. Noko ke, ukuza ekhaya, ukuba ukhuphe ndlongo kumalungu eentsapho zabo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba abanye abantu kunokuba iyinqaba ukuphumeza indlela replacement. Ukuba buthathaka kwindalo, abanako bangabuyeli ndlongo zabo nakumphambukeli, ngoko aqale zokuyifihla ngokwabo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu gqiba self ngokweemvakalelo, ukuzibandakanya self-ugxekwa self-bake.

asemakhaya

ukhuselo Psychological njengendlela abamelana ngayo neenzima zobomi ngazo ngokwayo ngokohlobo nengqiqo. Le uhlaba ngabom leyinene ukwenzela ukugcina inqanaba eliphezulu nokuzixabisa. Kukho inkqubo yokuqiqa oluxandileyo, yenzelwe ukuthethelela ukuziphatha ngqiqweni. Omnye weyona mizekelo iphawulekayo kwindlela ingafumaneka nkqu iintsomi of Aesop. Uchaza kunyuke impungutye le, ezingenako ukufikelela amasebe imidiliya. Ukuze ithethelele ukusilela yayo, yona ithi ukuba isiqhamo nangoku ezimuncu.

imizekelo efanayo inokufumaneka kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, owasetyhini akusoloko okufanayo ngokubonisa ingqalelo nokuzilungisa babantu. Abazimisele ukwamkela oku, le ndoda ingaphinda ngokwakhe kunokukuqinisekisa unattractiveness yakhe, okanye isasaze amarhe ezingcolisayo. Enye meko ezinxulumene ebomini yomfundi. Umzekelo, ukuba umfaki-sicelo ayiphumelelanga ukuba benze kwisikolo esithile, yena uqalisa baziqinisekisa bona nabanye ukuba msebenzi yena ayiniki mdla.

yokusabela ukwakheka

Ubunzulu wezengqondo Freud kwakhona igqamisa ngesixhobo ezifana yokusabela Ukwakheka. It is baqaphela kumanqanaba amabini:

• a ingcinezelo okanye ukubetha engamkelekanga ezimbi;
• kuva kwasekwa yiminqweno umxholo esahlukileyo.

Amaninzi, iindlela ezinjalo uthatha indawo ebomini yoluntu. Ngoko, loo nto ithathwa engafanele kuluntu wavakalisa umnqweno wesini. Ngenxa yoko umfazi uphawu efanayo, ezama ngandlela zonke zokuyifihla ngokwabo. Ukuze ifumane umfanekiso eluntwini, ukuze nokuba ukukhonza ukulwa azinikele yokuziphatha kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo amadoda bawuphikisa kubudlelwane ubufanasini, kwaye ngokwabo ngasese sinotyekelo efanayo.

nokushiywa

Ukuhlehla - oku yenye indlela yokuzikhusela. Psychology iyichaza imbuyekezo ubuntwana yokuziphatha ngenjongo bazikhusele uyothuka kwaye ntshikilelo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba le minyaka kakhulu bekhululekile kwaye ekhuselekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwimbono yehlabathi. Umzekelo, uhlobo nokungundoqo parameter nganye abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo ekhala.

sublimation

iindlela zokhuselo Psychological Freud nazo ziquka sublimation. Le ndlela ivumela umntu ukutshintsha inhliziyo yakhe zengqondo ukuze bakwazi luboniswe ngendlela eyamkelekileyo eluntwini. Xa bengqondo, sublimation ithathwa njengokuba indlela kakhulu esempilweni nelifanelekileyo zokhuselo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntu zingabotshelelwanga kwi ngokubonakala neemvakalelo zabo, kodwa utshintsha kuphela ukuma ngokuzithoba kwabo.

Freud, banikwe ingakumbi ingcamango yakhe, edibene ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo sublimation le ithuku ngokwesini. Yile meko, yena odibanisa ukunyuka okukhulu inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi, nesuka eNtshona Yurophu. Ukuba le ndlela kukuba ukuyila yokwenene mihla, sinako baya- umzekelo elivisayo ukuba iimfuno zabo kungaqatshelwanga Harassment sublimated ngayo ngempumelelo yezemidlalo.

Nangona abaninzi ufihle, ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nabantu yokufun '. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abane ecaleni abanjalo babe kakuhle yingcibi ngempumelelo. Njengoko neminqweno enjalo sublimated ekubhaleni iinoveli zokucupha.

ukuphika

iindlela zothintelo ubuntu njengako Freud ziquka into efana uyaphika. Ihlala yokuba umntu ngokucacile uyala recognize yesehlo iziganeko ezibi. Owona mzekelo omkhulu kuqwalaselwa indlela lomntwana ekufeni-qabane oyintanda. Uyala ukwamkela lo ilahleko, ekholelwa ukuba isilwanyana namanje ndawo ikufuphi. Umzekelo efanayo kungaba ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo. Ukwala ukwamkela ezicacileyo ukuze libe inkolelo yonqulo ukuba isalamane ngoku uhlala ezulwini, okanye umoya wakhe isekhona endlwini.

Amaxesha amaninzi indlela kuyinxenye izakufunyanwa xa kufikwa empilweni. Ngoko ke, uziva iimpawu sisifo, umntu unako ngoyaba nje kubo, nokumenza mna ukuba yenzeke like this. A ukusabela okufanayo inokubonakalisa kwi ukuxilongwa sele iqinisekisiwe.

Iincwadi phezu kwengqondo, nto leyo kubalulekile ukufunda

Maxa wambi, nabani ukuqala ukuba nomdla kula okanye ezinye iindlela sezingqondweni subconsciousness. Eyona ndlela ibhetele aqhelane umsebenzi ngengqondo uSigmund Freud. Iincwadi, psychology yabantu kungcono imelwe zezi:

• "Ukwenza Psychoanalysis" - le yenye yeencwadi edumileyo, eneneni, lo msebenzi ingqalelo kakhulu ebalulekileyo lonke umsebenzi Freud kaThixo. Kukho zichaziwe amagatya engundoqo iyileyo ibe nempembelelo tsotsololo kuphuhliso nje ngengqondo, amayeza, kodwa iincwadi ngakumbi.
• "Ukutolikwa Dreams '- umsebenzi omkhulu, elisuke laba enye yezona abadumileyo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Nantsi yesiphumo sophando Freud inxalenye zingqondweni bengqondo olulawula neemvakalelo zabantu, kodwa kunzima ukufunda. Apha, ingqalelo olube amaphupha, kuyanceda ukuqonda iingxaki, uloyiko kunye neminqweno yomntu ngamnye.
• "Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" - Eli isifundo sesibini omkhulu Freud. Le ncwadi efanelekileyo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, yaye ngoko ke isitshixo ekufundweni ngengqondo. Eyona nto kujoliswe kuyo iintshukumisa zingqondweni, ezo kuphela inokufana isivuseleli, kodwa ngokufuthi kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• "Mna and It" - uhlobo yokuqokelela yomsebenzi bengqondo ngubani ingaqatshelwa yincopho yomsebenzi wakhe. Akulula ukuchaza imiqathango eziphambili psychoanalysis, kodwa thaca imithombo zabo ekubikwe.
• "Totem and abangafuniyo '- umsebenzi apho Freud, sithembele uphando yayo kunye nethiyori, ezama ukuba atyhile iingxaki yeGenesis. Ngoko ke, umbhali uthetha umba inkcubeko, inkolo, ukuziphatha, umthetho kunye neminye imiba yoluntu.
• "Psychology okugqithileyo kunye nohlahlelo zabantu" Ndiya "- ngumsebenzi apho Freud wachitha umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwi ukuziphatha isihlwele kwakhona acaciswa imfuneko inginginya intloko ..
• "Izincoko kwi kwingcingane yesondo" - ingqokelela apho ngengqondo kuphakamisa izihloko kakhulu vakalelo. Ukusuka apha ukufunda ubume neentsusa athandana ezinxaxhileyo utyekelo enxamnye nemvelo kunye inkohlakalo, ubufanasini, njalo-njalo. N.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nto zonke iincwadi bengqondo ongcono ukufunda. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba bafunde umsebenzi nezinye iingcali abanembono eyahlukileyo kancinane ngezinto ngaphezu Freud.

iziphumo

iindlela ukukhusela Freud seziqalile ukusabela zingqondweni into iyasebenza kwiimeko uxinezeleko okanye ebusweni izisongelo. Enoba yintoni uhlobo ngumqobo luvuliwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko, libhekisela iindleko enkulu yamandla, leyo ezoyisayo kuchaphazela ukuzazisa. Ukongeza, kokukhona lisebenza ngokusulungekileyo yindlela ethile, loo amagalelo amandla enkulu ifuna, kwaye ngakumbi egqwethekileyo yinyani.

Ngenxa yobume abasabela zingqondweni omzimba, asinguye wonk 'umntu ungalawula ngayo. Noko ke, ephawula ukusebenza ngodonga, loo mntu abe ngabom Asebenzisa kuyo a simo. ukuthembela ngokungafanelekanga kule nqubo ayikho kuyimfuneko, kuba kunokuba umhlaba yingenelo kakhulu ukuvela iingxaki zengqondo.