Iincwadi ezivela kwesikhumba yabantu: neempawu, iintsomi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ngawo onke amaxesha abantu basebenzisa kakhulu eluswini izilwanyana besinxibo izinto ezahlukeneyo indlu. Zeelwimi bade bakholelwe ukuba igama elithi "isikhumba" ekuqaleni sisandi samanzi "ibhokhwe". Ngapha koko, isikhumba esi isilwanyana ngokugqibeleleyo wamelana yokugquma, uze emva koko ezandleni weengcibi abanezakhono similise izihlangu ezintle okanye yokwaleka. Emva kwexesha elithile, lo gama weza ngokutsho eluswini zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, kuquka abantu. Bambalwa abantu bazi namhlanje ukuba elikhulu embalwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, isikhumba umntu uthathwa ukuba umbandela enye emihle, njengoko, umzekelo, yehagu okanye yemvu. Okumangalisayo kukuba, oko wenziwa eninzi izinto ezahlukeneyo asetyenziswa nje imfuno ohlokomayo ophuma basebukhosini kunye noohlohlesakhe esisityebi. Nebango eningenakukholwa eFransi, apho savelisa ngendlela iimveliso efanayo, ibe kumaqweqwe iincwadi kwesikhumba yabantu. Kukuba yovalo kangaka izandi kwamnandi kubantu mihla, siye sagqiba ukuba bakuxelele ngakumbi malunga neetekisi kunye imisebenzi ezithe immortalized kwi eluswini kakuhle nditshe yabantu.

Imbali impahla yesikhumba abantu abafileyo

Kubonakala ukwenza nkohlakalo elililo yencwadi ulusu yabantu okanye naziphi na ezinye iimveliso efanayo, kodwa ookhokho bethu ingqalelo ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Kunzima ukutsho xa le nto ingaqhelekanga sele isetyenzisiwe kwityeli lokuqala, kodwa ababhali-mbali baye amatyala amaninzi yokusebenzisa ngamathambo abantu izizwe Umzantsi Melika, Australia kunye Amazon.

Isibakala sokuba aba bantu cinga ukufa uhlobo utshintsho kwenye ehlabathini, kwaye eyona ndlela ingcono imbeko kwisikhumbuzo kwabafileyo kwakujongwa imveliso amathambo abo nolusu izinto ezahlukeneyo lokuhlambulula. Kaninzi baya igubu indebe nokusingatha neemela. Ngoko ke, le ndoda kwabafileyo ukuba ube yinxalenye yale sesizwe waza waba isikhokelo kwihlabathi imimoya.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu iye yakhula kwaye bafuduka izithethe zamandulo singamaqaba. EYurophu, ubuKristu indawo ubuhedeni ukuba kukhuthazwe kakhulu isimo sengqondo eyahlukileyo umfi kunye iintsalela zazo. Kwakubonakala ukuba akukho namnye intloko akavuma ukuza ukusebenzisa umzimba womntu njengesigqubuthelo eqhelekileyo ukuba ukwenziwa eziphathekayo, umzekelo, izihlangu. Noko ke, inyaniso waba elibi kakhulu ngakumbi, kuba kwiinkulungwane elinesibhozo kwaye elinethoba weza izinto fashion eyenziwe ulusu lwabantu abafileyo. Kunzima ukuba ukwamkela into yokuba omnye iincwadi yokugqibela ndibotshiwe eluswini yabantu wadalelwa yoma zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Cinga ngalo - iminyaka kuphela mane-odd eyadlulayo, bagubungele ezinye mntu uswelekileyo waya kuveliswe le ncwadi! Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba kakhulu, eli hlabathi mihla akusayi kufumana. Kutshanje avuza ubungqina bokuba Yurophu lisasebenza mveliso komhlaba evelisa izihlangu, imixwayo, izipaji kunye neencwadi nasesikhumbeni yabantu. Kwaye ezi mveliso nathengwa ezingeni lokuvelisa, ezifakwe ingqokelela labantu kunye billionaires. Ngoko nokuba - akukho bani uwaziyo, Noko ke, uxhalela kwengqondo ziye waqalisa ukufunda lo mhlola, ukwenza izinto ezothusayo.

Heathers

psychology Modern uyakwazi ukujonga nzulu ienjini, apho efihliweyo zonke iingcinga zakhe ezifihlakeleyo kunye neminqweno. Kwaye ke inzala ka, umzekelo, iincwadi bakhonkxiwe eluswini yabantu, babona umkhwa oyikisayo lokuqonda koluntu.

Iingcali zengqondo zithi ngamaxesha onke umdla ukufa kunye uluntu. Kodwa amasiko yonke yenziwe inyala ezithile, nto leyo umahluko ocacileyo phakathi ezweni labaphilayo kwabafileyo. Noko ke, bekusoloko kukho abantu abaye baba nomdla ekhethekileyo kwabafileyo - necrophilia. Le nto ke iye yachazwa ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe kwaye kwavele yaziwa kakuhle. Inzululwazi kubonakele ukuba imbono yoluntu kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko kudala kakhulu umlomo ienjini uvimba uninzi lwabantu ezifana bethandana.

Kodwa umdla kwanda iimveliso yesikhumba bomntu ubonise into enye kuphela - uluntu namhlanje isuswe phantse zonke iintloni, ukuba kukhulula neminqweno kakhulu mfihlakalo. Emva kokuba bonke fun eyeyam incwadi ubotshiwe eluswini imoto yabantu nekrofilskoy entsha umzimba ufile.

Iingcali ezininzi zithi oku kwenzeka kuphela xa isakhiwo kuluntu itshabalele. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni French Revolution kweli lizwe mveliso zokusebenza ukuvelisa iimveliso ezininzi ukusuka ulusu abantu ababulawa. Ezi zinto endiqhayisa omnye komnye, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi ke ukuba loo mntu, ogama inshorensi yayisetyenziswa.

Kusengenzeka ucinga ukuba kufuneka uxelele wonke - ibali ngummangaliso yabantwana oko yaqala iintatheli ukuthabatheka okanye ababhali. Ukuba usafuna unamathandabuzo ukuba ingaba ikhona na incwadi evela kwesikhumba yabantu enyanisweni, emva kokufunda esi sigaba silandelayo senqaku ekucaciseni bokuba izinto ezinjalo.

Le ncwadi indala kwi antropodermicheskogo ezibonakalayo

Sicinga iincwadi nesikhumba somntu, sidla ngokucinga nantoni na, kodwa hayi iBhayibhile. Uyavuma, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba umntu ukubhala itekisi engcwele onke amaKristu kwi impahla Wayeyinxalenye umntu. Noko ke, le ncwadi sisekhona, hayi kuphela inshorensi yayo zezikhumba kwabantu, kodwa onke amaphepha.

Lo IBhayibhile sesinye sezona omdala, emva kocazululo ngenyameko, abaphengululi bafumanisa umhla elisondeleyo kwindalo yawo - ngenkulungwane yesithathu. Ngelishwa, imbali akazange agcine naluphi na ulwazi malunga nombhali upapasho kunye mntu waba izinto Ulusu ngenxa ncwadi.

Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba malunga nenani elifanayo yomhla kunye nemibhalo ezifunyaniswe abembi Australia Afrika. Kwakhona isicelo izinto antropodermichesky kwaye kunye iincwadi zeBhayibhile vuphukuphuku kuluhlu lwethu yesikhumba kwabantu.

Wenkulungwane elinesixhenxe: kuphuhliso amayeza

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga iincwadi nesikhumba somntu, eyenziwe ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, isazinzulu eyaziwa kakuhle. Ezi mbelukazi ezinqabileyo amaxesha afumaneka ezazilapho okanye ingqokelela zabucala. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo bebuthanda iincwadi eso ezinxulumene ngqo kuphuhliso amayeza.

Ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, le inzululwazi wenze idabi omnye emva komnye, naphakathi baloo dolophu landa inani labantu abaye banikela ngokuzithandela umzimba wakhe emva kokufa ngenxa imifuniselo yezenzululwazi. La maqumrhu zasetyenziselwa Ufundo ngakumbi ke komzimba womntu, kodwa yesikhumba engento ngenxa ngamagqirha, waqala ngesiquphe ukuze isetyenziswe njengendawo inshorensi okanye ezikubophelela azibhala zonyango.

Ekuqaleni epapashwe kule fomu iincwadi kuphela kwizifundo zonyango, kodwa ke kwakukho ingqokelela zomthetho kunye nomthetho ibandla lamaKatolika.

Book lesikhumba uNksz

Ku nga kudala yafunyanwa ikopi umdla kakhulu kwaye engaqhelekanga incwadi kwesikhumba kwabantu. Ngokwangaphandle, le ingqokelela ingathi yimimangaliso lwamanqaku ngumthetho iSpanish, kodwa oonolayibrari itsale umbala encinane engaqhelekanga ezibophelelayo umbhalo kwesigubungelo, echaza ukuba eli hlelo senziwe antropodermicheskogo eziphathekayo. Emva kokuhlolwa izihlandlo eziliqela kwenziwa waqinisekisa olu guqulelo nazo cacisa iimeko ezingaqhelekanga leyo yakhokelela inkangeleko yale ncwadi.

Inyaniso ukuba banesifo yenkulungwane elinesixhenxe a Dzhonas Rayt othile wayesihla uhambo eyingozi Afrika. Wayefuna ukuba uhlole ezinye izizwe zalapha, kodwa wabanjwa kwaye zityiwe enzela. Emva kwexesha elithile intloko wesizwe wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele abanye abaphandi impahla yakhe, yena nca kuzo kunye eluswini, nto leyo ngenxa yesizathu esithile inzalelwane ala ukutya ukutya. Phakathi kwezinto wayemdala kwaye kunxitywe incwadi encinane yomthetho iSpanish, leyo yenye Jonas Wright wagqiba ekubeni bajije lonke ulusu umphandi.

Revolution French: An Introduction to ukumila iimveliso nesikhumba somntu

Le kweyeshumi elinesibhozo yabalasela uthotho iziganeko zobundlobongela eYurophu. Yonke imihla e Paris wabulawa abantu ezilikhulu abambalwa abangenazo ixesha kungcwaba umzimba. Le nto iye yakhokelela ekubeni ukuvulwa ekupheleni koo zenkulungwane elinesibhozo eFransi, ikomkhulu mveliso encinane wokwenziwa yesikhumba kwabantu. Ukusuka yavelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezithathwe bathenga phezulu nakusekuqhwanyazeni kweliso. Kubhekwe zindala kakhulu kwaye ephawulekayo phakathi nabahlobo bakhe ndiqhayise bagatelle enqabileyo yaye kubize kakhulu ezinjalo.

Oku esinombala, ngemilinganiselo yomntu mihla, kwaye intsingiselo waqhubeka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Kuphela ngoku abanikelayo ulusu uba umbulali, wabulawa ngenxa yobubi eziliqela, kunye nabo uziqeshile wagqiba ukunikela inxalenye ngokwakhe emva kokufa kwezinye abantu. Ibali ezaziwayo-kakuhle ityendyana eRashiya, emva ukonzakala ubunzima okwalandelwa esandleni. Wacela oogqirha ukuba ukususa ulusu yakhe imilenze, yaye emva ukunxiba yaba izinto ngenxa ndibopha yaye ligubungela ingqokelela yemibongo yokutshintsha amalungu yakhe. Le ncwadi esingaqhelekanga, wayinika intombazana leyo uthando ezingabuyekezekiyo iminyaka embalwa.

Book lesikhumba Piper

Xa banesifo le phupho kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukusuka eNgilani ogama George Cudmore wabulawa ngenxa ngokubulala umfazi wakhe. into yabangamahlwempu wadliswa kunye iarseniki kunye prikopalis egadini. Ulusu Cudmore uthenge enye yabathengisi azizityebi iincwadi zayenza ezikubophelela lokuqokelela kwimibongo.

Kunika umdla ukuba le ncwadi ukuchonga yaba umbandela eyicela antropodermicheskogo, kwakunye naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho yakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe emigodini entolongweni ngubani.

isipho sezibalo

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, awayephila wasebenza ngeenkwenkwezi uthandwayo ixesha eFransi. Camille Flammarion - ukuba igama lakhe - ishicilele ezininzi emaphepheni uphando kufundwa ngabantu nje kuphela, kodwa oosisi nazo ofundileyo.

iincwadi bakhe baye baba sisonwabiso ukuya sisidwangube ndisifa sephepha. Yena kudla uyaphazamiseka ekuguleni ngokufunda imisebenzi Flammarion, ngoko ke umbhali ezabiwa ulusu lwakhe, emva kokufa.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo ngeenkwenkwezi abazange wadibana le ntombazana, kodwa wavuma ngombulelo isipho sakhe. incwadi yakhe elandelayo kwenziwa lesikhumba le sisidwangube French. Kwicala reverse kwakukho umbhalo othi ukuba le meko yenziwe ngesikhumba amabhinqa.

memoirs of umphangi

Ehlabathini phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwakukho ibali elingaqhelekanga, ngenxa yokuba apho kukho enye incwadi evela kwesikhumba yabantu. american gangstar Dzheyms Allen wahlala oko kusenziwa ngokudlela indlala abantu abanalo. Kodwa ngenye imini, elinye ixhoba unako ukumnika ukumelana esomeleleyo, nakuba inxeba kokudutyulwa, umphangi kwakhokelela kwisikhululo samapolisa.

Kanye ndisentolongweni, uYakobi waqalisa ukubhala memoirs bakhe waza emva kokufa ukusebenzisa ulusu bakhe ezibophelele kwabo. Ngakumbi engalindelekanga kuzo zonke kukuba le meko ingaqhelekanga, umenzi wobubi uya, kwafuneka ukuba ndiye ebantwini avalelwe Allen.

imibongo inkanuko

Enye kumaxa amaninzi adumileyo iincwadi nasesikhumbeni yabantu ibhalwe yoma zenkulungwane lokugqibela. It lunikezelwa izibongo Spanish inkanuko kwaye zilondolozwe e Bailey Library.

Kwi incwadi ngokwayo ithi wakhonza izinto cover ukuba ilungu eluswini kwesinye sezizwe zemveli abaye bathatha ukugcina emva kokufa nezalamane. Ngenxa yoko, intsapho nganye efunde imali eyaneleyo yesikhumba, maxa wambi kokuwela ngomgunyathi. Yaye ukusuka apho uthunyelwa koomasifundisane ezahlukeneyo saa emhlabeni.

Uphi na iincwadi yesikhumba kwabantu

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezi zinto zifumaneka kumathala eencwadi ezininzi eziphambili zehlabathi. Khawufan 'ucinge ukuba ncwadi athathe ezandleni nawuphi na umfundi okanye ingcali entsimini othile ofuna ukuphucula izakhono zabo.

Ngokomzekelo, eHarvard ezintathu iincwadi ezo wafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi bethala eyunivesithi musa ngaphandle ukuba eneneni kukho abantu abaninzi ngakumbi. Kakade ke, kuba nzima ukufumana ngaphandle uvavanyo olulodwa, nto leyo akunakwenzeka ukuba uzenze kunye zonke iincwadi ezilishumi elinesihlanu lamawaka kwi-University Harvard. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo iisampulu kubasebenzi bethala nesikhumba somntu awufuni ngaphandle kwiingxowa-mali zazo. Baqhubekeka kukhutshwa kwi ezandleni abafundi.

Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba iincwadi ezinjalo zigcinwa kwi Observatory e Zhuvizii, Exeter Library kunye Boston fund boncwadi. Sicinga ukuba le uluhlu olupheleleyo iindawo apho unako ukufumana imizekelo engaqhelekanga antropodermicheskogo eziphathekayo. Abaqokeleli abaninzi zabucala zange athethe ngayo ubuncwane bakhe, ngoko ke ukusuka ihlabathi ukuba ifihliwe.

Ukususela nayiphi na amanqaku zethu kucacile ukuba incwadi nesikhumba somntu - yokwenene, hayi lwamabali okanye intsomi. Kungakhathaliseki indlela esiyiphatha ngayo le meko, kuba wayekho kubomi ookhokho bethu kangangeenkulungwane yaye usaqhubeka nangoku unanamhla. Nangona abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ezi zinto kanye indawo kwiimyuziyam, kunokuba ezishelfini zaselayibrari ezingontsingontsini labantu.