Iimpahla zePortfolio

Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba beemarike zamasheya banamalungelo okugcina, okonke okubizwa ngokuba yi-portfolio. Iphothifoliyo yokubambisa naluphi na ukugcina (izabelo zazo zonke iintlobo, iibhondi kunye namanye amaxwebhu) amela udidi oluthile kwaye unomntu omnye (ngokomzimba okanye ngokomthetho).

Njengomthetho, iphothifoliyo yezobambiso iqukethe amaxwebhu emali ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye nabaxhasi. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwilahleko ezikhoyo. Abanini baxinise kwiipotifoliyo zabo ngokuphindaphindiweyo zikhutshwe ngokubambisana kwamashishini kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo. Isakhiwo sephothifoliyo sincike ngokupheleleyo kwimigaqo yomnini wayo. Iphothifoliyo yezobambiso zeenkampani zenziwa kwakhona.

I-Securities iyimarike apho kubalulekile ukuba nengqiqo yenzuzo. Iphothifoliyo yeziqinisekiso zomnini ngamnye unempawu efana neepowfoliyo zabanye abanikazi. Ziquka ukukhethwa kokuqala kwesikhokelo somsebenzi kunye nokuzibophelela kwiimfuno ezithile.

Indlela abaziphatha ngayo abatyalo-mali abayihluke. Icala le-potifoliyo eyenziwe apha ngasentla kuthiwa ngumkhuseli. Ngamanye amazwi, iphothifoliyo yokukhusela yamatyala yenziwa kumaphepha axhomekeke kwikhosi ekujoliswe kuyo ngokungaqiniseki. Iphothifoliyo enjalo, njengombandela, iyancipha.

Ukungqinelana kule ndlela yiphothifoliyo enobudlova - oku kuluhlu oluthile lweempepha ezithengiweyo, umnini wazo kwisimo sabo sengqondo esilindele ukunyuka okuphezulu kwinqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba izinto ezinjalo zilindeleke, ngoko ke ukubunjwa kwipotfoliyo enobudlova kuhlala kubandakanya ingozi enkulu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amathuba amaninzi okufumana imali ngokukhawuleza, enkulu amathuba okungena kwindawo engafanelekanga.

Iphothifoliyo elinganayo yokhuseleko liyi-set set of securities, ngokubhekiselele kwimibono yomtyalo-mali, idibanisa ukuxhomekeka, ukuthengiswa kwemali kunye nokuzuza.

Ukhetho lwesicwangciso-mali-mali lukhethwa nguRhulumente weemarike kunye neenkolelo zakhe. Kwimarike, iphothifoliyo yimveliso emelekileyo. Imigaqo ephambili yokwenza iphothifoliyo engezantsi yilezi zilandelayo. Nguwo umgaqo wokugcinwa kwe-conservatism (iingozi ezikhoyo zifunyenwe yimali engenayo kwimali-mali kunye nezinto eziphathekayo), umgaqo-mpawu (ukubuyiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kulindeleke ukuba kuhlawulelwe imali engenayo enye inxalenye), umgaqo-mali owanelisayo (isabelo semali engenayo ngokukhawuleza akufanele sibe phantsi kwezinga elaneleyo Ukuthengiswa kwemali ephezulu ekhoyo ngoku).

Iphothifoliyo ephezulu yezobambiso ziqulethwe njengezinto ezibonakalayo ezinobungozi obuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeefoliyoli. Isilinganiselo somngcipheko ukuphambuka okusemgangathweni, okubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphambuka kwinqanaba lentlawulo kwixabiso elindelekileyo. Ingozi kunye nokubuya okulindelekileyo yimigangatho emibini yamaphepha kwanamaphi na iipotifoliyo.

Namhlanje, imarike yokubambisa iRashiya ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Iimarike ezitsha zamasheya zikhulayo, izitokethi ezitsha zikhutshwa, kunye nomthamo wonyaka wokuthengiselana nabo ukhula. Kule meko, ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kunomgaqo-nkqubo wokwenza iphothifoliyo ephezulu. Kukho imodeli yeemathematika ecacileyo ekuvumela ukuba ufumane isakhiwo esiphezulu sepotfolio. Ukusebenzisa oko, unako ukubala iirhafu ofuna ukutshala kwiipotifoliyo. Imodeli yeemathematika ikuvumela ukuba ubone ulwahlulo lwamasabelo kunye nokufumana okufunyenweyo kwimimiselo yepesenti.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokukhetha iziqinisekiso: uhlalutyo lobugcisa nolusisiseko. Eyokuqala ibhekisela ekufundeni kwamanani, okwesibini - kwiimeko zoqoqosho jikelele.