Ibhetri panel elanga: Isishwankathelo, iintlobo, iimpawu

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-eneji solar - enye indlela imithombo yamandla non-angahlaziyekiyo. ubuchwepheshe bale mihla uvumele ukusetyenziswa panels ukufumana izibane ezitalatweni, ukufudumeza nokulayita zezindlu ezincinane. Namhlanje akuqhelekanga awabele solar ukunika akuvumela ehlotyeni ukunika umbane kwezolimo.

solar panel

A isixhobo imele inani elikhulu converters photoelectric, lidibane kwinkqubo, kwaye kukho iseli elanga.

ubukho amandla kwelanga ngqo Ngokuba iseli elanga kubalulekile iguqulelwa kwi ombane.

Kuhlohlwe iibhetri kwiindawo apho iintsuku sunny babumba inxalenye enkulu kulo nyaka. Noko ke, ukusebenza kakuhle iiseli solar kwaye kuchaphazela ngakumbi inkululeko. Ngapha koko, le ezikude izibonda, ngokuqina imitha yelanga. Kodwa eRussia engundoqo ebusika panels solar ukunciphisa amandla ukusetyenziswa uthungelwano jikelele, kwaye ehlotyeni kuyenzeka ukuba zithengise kwakuwo.

panel elanga monocrystalline, polycrystalline nasebubini umboniso.

Ejoliswe kumacala ahlukeneyo ziikristale e polycrystalline Ibhetri ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwelanga ngqo. Ezi iibhetri zezona zixhaphakileyo namhlanje, yokuba ezisetyenziselwa ukhanyiso kwezakhiwo zikarhulumente kunye namakhaya abucala. Amaxesha amaninzi sele kwenzeka kunye nezibane street Solar uhlobo polycrystalline.

solar ukuba igadi

Kutshanje, ingxoxo engundoqo ngokuchasene ufakelo panels elanga kweli lizwe kuye iindleko zabo. Namhlanje le imveliso iqalisa ukuvelisa imboni yasekhaya, amaxabiso ziya zisiba asezantsi, ukhetho - ebubanzi, kunye nenkonzo emva-intengiso - ezifikelelekayo.

ubugcisa bale mihla kakhulu uyakwazi ukumelana zokukhanya isiza ukunika izixhobo zokusebenza. Noko ke, ngelo xesha kufuneka egcwalisekayo ibhetri ibhetri elanga, omnye umlawuli ophetheyo kunye inverter, oguqula yangoku ngqo ukuya alternating current.

Namhlanje ungathenga ikhithi esele zenziwe ngenxa cottage minielektrostantsii elanga okanye kwindlu encinci ubomi bebhetri iiyure eziyi-24. Isityalo amandla - watts 235 kwi amandla ebhetri ka-2.4 kWh.

Iibhetri for panels elanga

zitshajwe ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo izixhobo elanga mihla.

Ngemihla eqaqambileyo kuyatshisa, iiphaneli zesola ukuvelisa umbane kakhulu ngaphezu ziphele izixhobo zombane, yaye ebusuku xa zokukhanya kubaluleke ngakumbi, ingasebenzi nento. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba nomzi namandla azigcinele ukusetyenziswa kamva.

Ibhetri panels elanga kwaye siyilelwe iyunifom kunye nonikezelo lwamandla ungaphazanyiswa.

Kwakhona, zitshajwe (ibhetri) egubungele umthwalo incopho inkulu kakhulu ukuba Iimodyuli PV, usebenzisa amandla agcinwe ebumnyameni, ukuze abuyekeze umahluko eyenziweyo walidla namandla kwimozulu lisibekele.

Iindlela ukudibanisa ibhetri

Enye Ibhetri isikakhulu Akwanelanga ukuba ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo izityalo amandla elanga, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ezininzi uhlobo olufanayo iibhetri. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba bonke kufuneka babe ukusuka nebhetshi efanayo.

Ukuphucula iinkqubo Engaphezulu kwinkqubo esetyenziswayo iindlela ezintathu ambaxa (utshintshayo) yebhetri.

Xa uxhulumaniso engumzekelo umthamo ibhetri emhlambini, kwaye ombane lilonke ke ombane kwiphakati eyodwa.

uqhagamshelo Series, ngokuchaseneyo, linika zonke ombane yaveza, kunye namandla lilingana ubungakanani ibhetri enye kwisekethe.

Elinemveliso kakhulu loo manqaku-parallel uqhagamshelo zidibene, apho ushwankathelwa zombini ombane kunye nesikhundla.

Noko ke, kule Uxhulumaniso ibhetri zibethwa unbalance, oko kukuthi ombane zizonke ziya kuba yokuhlala esisigxina, kodwa ukuba ibhetri ngasinye iya kutshintsha ubungqina bakhe. Le nto ke ikhokelela ekubeni inxalenye nedozaryazhaetsya ibhetri, kwaye abanye ephakamileyo kunesiqhelo, kwaye bonelelo kuphuhliswa ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ngoko ke, wabeka nganye liquka intlawulo isilawuli iiphaneli zesola solar webs apho ukuqhagamshela iincam for self-ulungelelwaniso kwi ombane bebhetri.

Iimpawu iibhetri ukuze elanga

Ibhetri panel solar kufuneka anelise inani iimfuno. Kufuneka ukumelana inani elikhulu imijikelo kwentlawulo / nokukhutshwa. Kulo self-obhobhozayo kufuneka kuncitshiswe, kwaye ukubiza ixabiso yangoku - ezinkulu, uluhlu kwamaqondo obushushu zokusebenza - ububanzi.

Namhlanje, abenzi sele ukuvelisa iibhetri ezizodwa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-neebhetri solar ukuba bahlangabezane ngokupheleleyo ezi mfuno.

Cwangcisa Solar abanezixhobo ezinjalo kanye isilawuli ophetheyo likuvumela ukuba nomzi amandla sikugcine ngempumelelo enkulu. A networked inverter - kuzakuguqula yona kwi ukuqhagamshela izixhobo kunye nokukhanya.

nendlela yokukhetha

Khetha ibhetri panels ukufumana izindlu kufuneka ngeendlela ezininzi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo - ezi zakhono. Ngokusekelwe kwi kubalwa efunekayo index amandla ubalo capacitance linyuke 35-50%, kwaye kwalo ekhethiweyo izixhobo enye okanye ngaphezulu ngokunxulumene ngaxeshanye. Iibhetri ne umthamo wamandla ezaneleyo yokumela ukuya kwiintsuku 4.

Ubude kwentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa. Kubo bobabini kunye ixabiso efanayo eliyimali kwezixhobo capacitance na Kukhethwa ukuba, nto leyo endinga indlela imali encinci ixesha ukutshaja.

Isikhundla lead acid ibhetri kuxhomekeke ubunzima kukhokela kuyo, ngoko kokukhona ubunzima ibhetri, kungona amandla ayo ngokwenene. Xa ukhetha kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ubunzima kunye nemilinganiselo ifowuni.

Abavelisi bacela iimveliso zayo yokusebenza ubushushu kunye noluhlu rhoqo inkonzo, kakhulu, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwezi zalathisi.

In njengokukhapha amaxwebhu lisoloko nexesha esisetyenziswe ibhetri elikhankanyiweyo, inani lemijikelo razryadochnyh (i ephakamileyo lomzobo, zonke ezinye izinto ilingana, ngcono) yaye isixa-self-obhobhozayo ngenyanga nganye.

Xa kubalwa i parameters battery kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ilahleko amandla ngexesha yokugcina kwaye ukuguqulwa. Ukusebenza kwezixhobo zale mihla ukuba izityalo elanga imalunga 85%.

Iintlobo iibhetri for panels elanga

iibhetri imoto wokufika angenzelwanga loo inani elikhulu kwimijikelo kunye luphawulwa ebalulekileyo self-nokukhutshwa. Kuba geliostantsy wasebenzisa isixhobo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

1. AGM-iibhetri sikwimo ebotshiwe isakhiwo electrolyte phakathi apho iglasi ukhuko izifunxi. Loo sixhobo kusetyenziswe nasiphi na isikhundla, ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobunzulu nesigxina malunga nama-80% igcinwa ukuya kwimijikelo 500, yaye kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwentlawulo.

Igama elithi alithethi mkhulu kangaka - eyi-5, kunye nobushushu yokusebenza Uluhlu kuphela 15-25 ° C, kodwa agcwalisiwe ngokukhawuleza - zifuna iiyure ngaphantsi kwe-8 ukuba bachache ngokupheleleyo, ube nokuhanjiswa ukwimeko ityala kwaye isebenzela kwigumbi umoya ngokwaneleyo.

AGM-Amalahle lula ngenxa ukutshaja ixesha elide, kodwa undercharging kwiCEMIS ngokwanelisayo.

2. Gel ibhetri iseli elanga kwakhona kusetyenziswe nasiphi na isikhundla. Gelatinous electrolyte gel igcinwe kule pores of dust, nto leyo esebenza njenge njengomahluli ukuba amacwecwe. Inzuzo engenakuphikiswa le yoyilo - i electrode musa ivuthu-, ukuze yonke indawo igcwele na ijeli kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuvala amathuba short circuit. Ukongeza, ukuba unako ukumelana obhobhozayo nzulu yaye inani elikhulu imijikelo, amaxesha sisinye enesiqingatha ngaphezu efanayo AGM-iibhetri. Kodwa ixabiso labo iphezulu kakhulu.

Nangona ixabiso, iibhetri gel olunoqoqosho, ulondolozo-free, kufuneka akhutshelwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle nolulula iintsuku ezimbalwa, ilahleko lwamandla kuzo azinamsebenzi ngenxa phantsi self-nokukhutshwa.

3. OPzS nezihlanganisi,-kuthiwa isixhobo ntyala kunye electrolyte engamanzi na ezifuna ukugcinwa, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa imisinga obhobhozayo amancinci. Ukuba ungakwazi ukumelana inani elikhulu kakhulu kwimijikelo nzulu izinto ezisetyenziswa phezulu-ngamandla iinkqubo elanga, imali eninzi, yaye ngokwazo imali eninzi kakhulu.

Solar Charge Controller

izixhobo Electronic zenzelwe ukulawula lungisa izinga kwentlawulo phaya kwibhetri. Bakhusele zombini ibhetri lingatshajiswanga, okanye womserbia ngokugqithisileyo.

imali nabaqondisi - zizizathu ezibalulekileyo kakhulu kweezipili ezisebenzisa amandla elanga. Zikunikeza multi-isigaba ibattery, oluzenzekelayo vala-off ngerhafu epheleleyo kunye nentlawulo ubuncinane - imithwalo enxulumene iimodyuli PV xa ibhetri kufuneka abekwe isityholo, kwaye ukuxhulumana imithwalo xa ugcwalisa.

Le mbono libiza kancinane kwaye abangekaphuhli On / Off uhlobo isilawuli likhubaza neebhetri yelanga ukusuka ibhetri xa ombane lufika ixabiso kumda, ibhetri nithintele ityala ngokupheleleyo, ngaloo ndlela okunciphisa ukuphila inkonzo yabo.

PWM-nabaqondisi isebenza kwi PWM (imifino kwezwi ububanzi) - Technology, enoqoqosho nefanelekileyo kwiindawo zemisebenzi eliphezulu elanga. Ukuba bayeke isigxina, ngokuvumela ibhetri ngelixa ityala ngokupheleleyo. izixhobo ezinjalo zicwangciswa ezisezantsi-amandla, ukuya ku-2 kW, kunye neenkqubo battery encinane-umthamo.

nabaqondisi MPPT ukulawula iincopho amandla ubuninzi. Bona sisebenzayo iinkqubo solar, kodwa kakhulu eninzi izixhobo nezinye ezininzi.

Nabavelisi iibhetri for panels elanga

Kwimarike Russian bengengabo abenzi abaninzi kangaka le hlobo mveliso.

Company CSB Battery Co., Ltd (Taiwan) libonelela ukhokelo-asidi yebhetri iveliswayo iteknoloji AGM, kunye ebomini seminyaka eli-10, eyenzelwe 12 V, omnye umthamo ukususela nge-26 ukuya kwi-100 Ah phantsi 2.6 ukuya kwi-8 2 thous. engange.

Malunga ibhetri efanayo luvelisa Shandong Ngcwele Sun Power Imithombo Co., Ltd (China).

Haze Battery Company Ltd (UK) umnika gel ibhetri kunye ebomini engama-12, le ombane ngokokusebenza kwalowo 12 V, omnye umthamo we-15 ukuya 230 Ah kunye noluhlu amaqondo ukusuka -20 ukuya +50 ° C kwi amazinga ukususela ngowe-7 ukuya kuma-28 amawaka. Engange .

SSKGroup (Russia-Belgium) ivelisa iibhetri gel robust ukuba panels elanga kunye arrester nokulenya kunye ubomi beminyaka eli-15, kunye namandla ukusuka 100 ukuya 180 Ah ngamaxabiso esukela-11 ukuya kwi-19 amawaka engange.

Abenzi leeseli solar

Angabavelisi elanga bezisoloko Japan, eJamani, USA ne China. panels Russian elanga ndawonye ngezinto eveliswa ngala mazwe. Iiphaneli ezithandwa zasekhaya elanga kunye tag ngexabiso elifikelelekayo ezenziwe lesilicon polycrystalline, ekuveliseni Germany kunye USA.

Namhlanje, abenzi Russian nje kuphela ukuvelisa iimodyuli solar, kodwa ukuphuhlisa ezintsha, ezifana "Quantum" eMoscow.

inkampani Krasnodar "umoya solar" uvelisa kuphela ziimodyuli, kodwa ngokupheleleyo geliostantsii ekhaya. Uyilo Solar ukulungele yaye "SolarInnTeh" evela Zelenograd.

Inxaxheba kurhwebo lwasemakhaya, izixhobo ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba izityalo elanga, kuquka iiprojekthi imodeli esele zenziwe. Kodwa ezinye izakhono zobunjineli unyamezelo, unako self-ukuhlola iimeko yokusebenza-ngqo kwaye achole izixhobo eziyimfuneko: iiseli elanga, iibhetri, nabaqondisi kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo uluhlu ixabiso olubanzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukonga kwezinye amacandelo, ndawonye kunye nabo ngokwabo ngezinto ezilahliweyo, ezifana esisebenza.