Ibhetri Nuclear kunye umgaqo osebenza ngayo

Ifoni yokuqala mobile yasekwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane eyadlulayo. Science liphakama, kakade. Yaye ngubani ebeya kucinga ngexesha eliyiminyaka engathi imashumi mane kamva iphuma ukukhanya yenyukliya ibhetri lefowuni yakho? Ewe, inzululwazi amanyathelo kungekhona ephala, kodwa kunye mpumelelo kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, ingakumbi kumaxesha kutshanje. Kwaye eli nqaku liza kusetyenziselwa kumxholo usebenzisa iibhetri zenyukliya izixhobo zale mihla.

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Ke kaloku imarike Smartphones - yenye yeendawo ezininzi nathembisayo elektroniki. Le ndawo iyakhula dynamically, ngaphandle khefu okomzuzu. Kubonakala, baya kuphela lokuthengwa iPhone 3G, kwaye ezishelfini yeevenkile mobile bacel 'sele iPhone 6 no iPhone 6 Plus. Akubuzwa ukuba indlela iinjineli nkampani ziye ukukholisa abasebenzisi zekhompyutha ezintsha?

Kukwanjalo ke malunga Android, kunye Windows Phone. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, udidi kwisikolo sonke zaqokelelana uphumeleleyo lucky, ngubani waba ifowuni esekelwe Android yokusebenza. Kwaye xa umntu unako ngokobuqu ukudlala kwisicelo apho isenzo angayifunda ngokusebenzisa ujikelezo yeskrini (ingakumbi xa umdlalo ngaphandle udidi racing), yena ngokoqobo wakhanya ulonwabo.

Okwangoku, le nto ayimangalisi. Nkqu lokuqala-ugrade ngoku ngokukhuselekileyo ukusebenzisa ifowuni of Apple ngaphandle uvuyo olukhulu uvuyo, akukho nto njani ngokwenene ukuba lucky. Sekunjalo, bavele musa ukuba njengangaphambili phones zokusebenza kunye ikhiphedi kunye ningayichukumisi. Ukuba ifowuni yayiyinto nje ezimbalwa imidlalo. Kwaye nkqu inyoka ngexesha Nokia 1100 kuye umbala-ezimbini screen for kids kubangela ukuba ngothakazelelo olukhulu kwaye wadlala kuyo phantse yonke imini yonke.

Kakade ke, ukuba mdlalo asezantsi kakhulu umgangatho. Sebenzisa ezinjalo phones ingaba iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngaphandle isicelo kwentlawulo engaphezulu. Ngoku, ishishini umdlalo entsimini Smartphones beza ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, yaye oku kufuna iibhetri yefowuni enamandla ngakumbi. Njani, Ngokoluvo lwakho, uyakwazi ukuqhuba kakhulu mihla, eyona inamandla ngokwemiqathango ubomi bebhetri smart?

Ngaba kufuneka ibhetri yenyukliya?

Siyakuqinisekisa ukuba nkqu ukusetyenziswa angenzi nto (smarfton) akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlale iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-3. Njengoko imithombo amandla kwi smartphone mihla isebenzisa uhlobo Lithium ion ibhetri. imifuziselo kancinci eqhelekileyo kangako iyasebenza Polymer ibhetri. Enyanisweni, ezi phones musa ukuma umsebenzi elide kakhulu. Play nabo intanethi, ukubukela eshukumayo phezu kwabo, uyakwazi ukubala inani leeyure, leyo ngokubanzi ayidluli ezilishumi. Iinkampani ezivelisa izixhobo ezifanayo akhuphisanayo izimpi eziliqela. Eyona esebenzayo le kumzabalazo kwindawo yokuqala kwezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

- ubukhulu Screen.

- izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nokusebenza.

- Imilinganiselo (ingakumbi, umzabalazo ukuba ukuncipha ubukhulu).

- Unamandla wamandla liqulathwe-ngokwalo.

Njengoko ubona, umbuzo enoba kufuneka ibhetri enyukliya ifowuni zisavuliwe. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kwixa elizayo, phones ziza kuxhotyiswa nezeebhethri asebenza kumgaqo yendlela of yenyukliya element ebizwa ngokuba "eziFihliweyo". Kulo mzekelo, ifowuni ngaphandle uyazihlaziya iminyaka ukuya ku-20, ngokutsho oqikelelo angqingqwa. Isimanga, akunjalo na?

Njengokuba umbono omtsha malunga ibhetri atomic?

Ingcamango yokudala ezincinane reactor zenyukliya (sithetha neebhetri zenyukliya) wabonakala iingqondo eliqaqambileyo hayi kudala. Kuye Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ngamayelenqe eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa ukuvumela ukuba alungise le ngxaki nje kufuneka kugesi rhoqo, kodwa nabanye.

TASS: ibhetri atom izandla zakho. Bathi iinjineli

Isicelo lokuqala fyabo, neebhetri eziya kusebenza ngenxa yokuba amandla enyukliya, ukwenza ukwahlulwa inkxalabo sasekhaya endandikhwele igama "Rosatom". Loo "Mining and Chemical Hlanganisa." Iinjineli wamxelela ukuba unikezelo lwamandla yokuqala, apho kubekwe ibhetri enyukliye, iingenziwa kwangethuba kangangoko 2017.

Umgaqo msebenzi iya kuba esisabela zenzeke kunye "nickel-63" Isotope. Ngokucace kakhulu, sithetha malunga radiation beta. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ibhetri zakhiwa kule mgaqo, oko unako ukusebenza malunga nesiqingatha senkulungwane. Imilinganiselo nabo kakhulu, compact kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha i amabhetri penlight eziqhelekileyo ezo izihlandlo 30, ungabona ngokucacileyo ukuba ubukhulu kuya kuba ibhetri yenyukliya.

Ingaba ibhetri yenyukliya ekhuselekileyo?

Iinjineli uqiniseke ngokupheleleyo ukuba unikezelo mbane kuya kuba kubangela nawo nawuphi na ingozi empilweni yabantu. Isizathu soku ayethembele yoyilo bebhetri. Kakade ke, kukho Isotope beta radiation ngqo yiyo nayiphi na umonakalo omzimba ophilayo. Kodwa kuqala, kuya kuba accumulator "ethambileyo." Okwesibini, loo radiation ivakale ilumeza, kuba uya wendele ngaphakathi umthombo wamandla.

Ngenxa yokuba neebhetri zenyukliya "Russia A123" uya ukufunxa imitha phakathi kwabo, ukungavumeli oko, iingcali ngoku ekwakheni ikamva phambili kusetyenziso ibhetri atom kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo yamayeza. Umzekelo, oku kuphunyezwa ekuyilweni pacemakers inhliziyo. Le indlela yesibini uthembisa kwishishini sithuba. Indawo yesithathu, Kakade ke, lushishino. Ngaphandle top kathathu oluninzi amasebe, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo umthombo wamandla enyukliya. Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo - ezothutho.

Ezingeloncedo samandla enyukliya

Bubuphi awayeyifumana ibhetri yenyukliya? Oko kukuthi, njengokuba siza kubona, xa sijonga ukusuka kwelinye icala? Okokuqala, imveliso kule mithombo yamandla ezizimeleyo ziya kubiza idenariyo entle. ngqo mali Iinjineli ukuba unqwenela ukubiza. ukoyika mhlawumbi ukwenza izigqibo okubi. Nangona kunjalo, uqikelelo nje alukho amanani Linikwe, kunye namazwi. Oko kukuthi "yonke into ibiza kakhulu." Kaloku, oku kakhulu ukuba kulindelwe, bet nje koyena mba enengqondo. Malunga imveliso serial ngendlela engazange mveliso ukuba bathi, mhlawumbi kusekutsha kakhulu. Singaba nethemba kuphela ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha ezizezinye zobugcisa ukwenza i ibhetri atom ngaphandle kokuqhatha ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenziseka zifunyanwa, kodwa abiza kakhulu.

Hi ndlela leyi, TASS kuqikelelwa 1 gram ukwimo ngo-4000 zeerandi. Ngoko ke, ukuze azuze eyimfuneko ubunzima yenyukliya eziphathekayo, nto leyo eza kunika ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide ibhetri, kuyimfuneko ngoku ku tirhisa nezigidi ezi-4,5 engange. Ingxaki iba kwi Isotope. Kwindalo, nje ayikho, ukudala Isotope ngokusebenzisa zamandla ezizodwa. Kwilizwe lethu, ukuba bathathu nje kuphela. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, mhlawumbi ekugqibeleni abe nako ukusebenzisa ezinye iziqalelo ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa amandla.

Tomsk. ibhetri atomic

Ukuveliswa ibhetri atom nto ayipheleli iinjineli zobungcali kunye nabayili. Kutshanje, umfundi Tomsk Polytechnic University, owayefunda kwisikolo graduate, iphuhlise imodeli Ibhetri entsha isebenza qho yenyukliya. Igama lalo mntu nguDmitry Prokopiev. nophuhliso lwayo uyakwazi ukusebenza kwindlela eqhelekileyo-12. Ngeli xesha, akuyomfuneko ukuba agcwalisiwe kanye.

nkqubo yaba liziko a Isotope radioactive ebizwa ngokuba "eziFihliweyo". Nokusebenzisa ngobuchule kukuvumela ukuba uthumele amandla akhululwe ngexesha kwisiqingatha-ubomi kwicala elifanelekileyo. Xa oku amandla wakhululwa kwiindawo. Sinokuthi, ngeedosi okanye ngokwamaqela. Khumbula ukuba isiqingatha-nobomi element enyukliya zomyalelo engama-12. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukusetyenziswa iibhetri lwesi sakhi kunokwenzeka ngexesha elibekiweyo.

iingenelo eziFihliweyo

Xa kuthelekiswa ne ibhetri atom ukuba unalo kakutsha lesilicon, ibhetri enyukliya isekelwe eziFihliweyo ayitshintshi iimpawu zayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kwaye lo ingenelo yayo engenakuphikwa, kufanele kuphawulwe. We hlola kukuyilwa kwi naseNovosibirsk Institute of Nuclear Physics, ngokunjalo kwi-Physical-Technical Institute of the Tomsk University. Ibhetri Nuclear, umgaqo yayo isekelwe basabela enyukliya umbono othile. Oku kudla intsimi electronic. Kunye kulo izixhobo zomkhosi, amayeza kunye aerospace. Oku koko sele utshilo.

isiphelo

Kuzo zonke iindleko eziphezulu imveliso neebhetri atomic kuba nethemba yintoni esinokuyenza ukuze siyithobele nabo phones kwixesha elizayo. Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga nomba, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko kwebhetri. EziFihliweyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kwindalo - nuclear. Noko ke, ukuba imitha i element ibuthathaka. Nobungozi kwimpilo yabantu, asinakukuqinisekisa. Izibilini isikhumba awehlelwa ukusuka ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule. Kungenxa yoko le nto wakhethwa ukuba asetyenziselwe neebhetri.