Forensic Ukuhlolisisa iingozi ezindleleni: icebiso. Forensic uviwo emva kwengozi malini malini?

Ngenxa ezisasazwayo iimoto iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwiingozi zendlela landa. Alipheli apho ke nandzu abaqhubi emotweni, kodwa ke asilotyala ngeenyawo. Kulo mzekelo, amanani nzima ibonisa ukuba uninzi iingozi kwi iindlela ezinxulumene abaqhubi, intswela lwemithetho yendlela okanye ukuhlukunyezwa kwabo ngabom. Ngophuhliso zobugcisa wonk 'ubani ithuba lokuyenza lula yonke le nkqubo twisiseka ebizwa "iimviwo lwasenkundleni iingozi." Abahamba ubanjwe kwingozi yemoto, unako ngokuzimeleyo umdla amangqina okanye ubungqina ukunika lokuthotyelwa komthetho.

Yintoni na ubuchule lwasenkundleni (SME)?

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukukhula kwinani iingozi ezindleleni, loo MEA kusiba zifunwa njengoko labemi, naphakathi arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye kuyabiza yenzelwa lwasenkundleni. Ngaphezu koko iimfuno ezibekwe loo abanezakhono eziphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokufanayo, yaye umsebenzi wabo ihlawulwe kakuhle. JMO enyanisweni imbaxa uphando lwezonyango evumela ukuba ukumisela ubume kunye nobukhali umonakalo, ixesha yokungqubana, isantya isithuthi, kwaye ngaphezulu.

Yintoni wabamba MEA?

JMO kakhulu lisetyenziswa kumaxesha amaninzi okwenzeka ezindleleni. Iingcali, ngubani na oya kuhlawula ngaphandle ungenelelo lonyango ezinzima kufuneka kakhulu neziqu. msebenzi wabo ukuseka ixesha ngesiganeko, ukubhalwa yokulimala, isantya isithuthi nokuzimisela, njalo njalo. D. Enyanisweni, lo MEA likuvumela ukuba 'uphalaze "ukukhanya ngoko kwenzeka emva kwengozi kunye nokusungula izinto ezibangela kunye neemeko yale ngozi. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba oogqirha lwasenkundleni naye ayililo. Yayisoloko lifumene izikhalazo ngenxa ayilunganga nokuzimisela wexesha ingozi, okanye ukufa ngeenyawo, iimpazamo kunye ezingachanekanga ekugqibeni yengxinano zokonzakala ngaphezulu.

Home buqhubele?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo mthetho uyavuma Russian njenge uviwo karhulumente, kwaye ezingekho phantsi korhulumente.

Engekho phantsi koRhulumente (private) kuqhutywa iimviwo ngabecuphi iingozi ezindleleni kule amaziko onyango karhulumente kunye neelabhoratri abaziingcali. Ngelo xesha linye uviwo karhulumente lwenziwa kwi-Bureau of ochwepheshe ngoncedo kurhulumente.

Iimfuno minye zombini ezi meko. Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba ukubhenela yobungcali ngokusemthethweni, kodwa ke ifuna uphando nokusombulula okanye kwetyala.

uvavanyo lonyango State olwenziwa ngeendleko-mali mali, kwaye Ixhoba ukuchitha imali yabo. Inkundla ibonisa iindleko JMO kweenkonzo, kodwa kusenziwa, zonke iindleko sikarhulumente. Kuthe ke, xa umbuso kokuhlolwa kwamathambo kwingozi unalo ethile enkulu. Uviwo enokwenziwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, nangona iingcali kunyanzelekile ngumthetho ukunika uluvo yayo kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-30 zekhalenda ukususela kumhla wokufunyanwa zokulenza onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko.

Kodwa nobuchule non-governmental ukuyikholisa abaxhasi bazo kukungabikho umgcelele nesantya lonikezelo lwenkonzo. Nakuba kunjalo, iindleko kulo mzekelo luza kusekelwa phezu ixhoba, urhulumente ngeke sigqibe. Iziphumo zophononongo zingafumaneka ngosuku olulandelayo, kwaye iindleko weziyolo ezinjalo asusela amawaka aliqela ukuya eziliqela amashumi amawaka engange.

Types of Medicine Forensic

Emva ngozi zonke izinto "imibhiyozo" sithunyelwa MEA. Iingcali kukho ezininzi iintlobo iimviwo ukuba wenziwe:

1. Independent (pre-kwetyala) yoviwo.
2. Complex, ikhomishini kunye zoviwo olunye-macala.
3. Re (oko ngokuzithandela) kunye nobuchule zaseprayimari.

Ukuba unobangela wengozi akazange enze naliphi na impikiswano omabini amacala ingozi zendlela nokunyanzeliswa komthetho, inkundla iza kuqesha ngendlela enye indlela axilongwe. Ngelo xesha, ukuba iimeko ezibangela ukuba ingozi azicaci yaye aphakamise kunye ngokuvunyiweyo, inkundla iya ukwalathisa nxaxheba kule JMO ikhomishini yengozi. Ukuba lokuqhubeka phando kufuneka iingcali kunye isiseko ngokubanzi ulwazi ngomba othile, inkundla igqiba ukuqhuba uviwo ebanzi.

Initial kokuhlolwa kwamathambo kwingozi kufuneka banike iimpendulo yonke imibuzo enomdla ukuba amagosa enkundla. Ukuba iimpendulo azichanekanga okanye engaphelelanga, inkundla ingafuna siqhuba uphando olongezelelweyo. Kodwa kwakhona MEA oluqhutywa apho inkundla okanye naliphi na iqela yengozi akukho mathandabuzo malunga iziqinisekiso kunye nobungcali elingumvi lonyango, okanye idatha ukubala ngcali ayisebenzi.

Eyona engundoqo imisebenzi ye axilongwe lwasenkundleni

Ngexesha uphando ngokupheleleyo olunzulu iingozi facts (ngasendleleni, isiphumo Bendingavuya kakhulu ukuba ixhoba okanye enye amangqina ukwenza i ifoto engozini), ukongeza kwimiba ngokubanzi (unobangela wengozi, ixesha yokungqubana, unobangela wokufa, uhlobo yokwenzakala kunye neqondo utywala okanye ukunxila okanye iziyobisi) iingcali kufuneka aphendule kwiintlobo ngeentlobo neminye imiba, ngokukodwa:

• ukumisela ubukho yokwenzakala okanye umonakalo kwingozi yemoto ngenxa;
• umonakalo nemvelo: ilahleko esithile isithuthi, ihamba, ukusondeza okanye yokwenzakala ngaphakathi yesithuthi;
• ukusekwa umvumbo intshukumo imoto kunye nento yokuba yexhoba umzobo wendlela;
• ukumisela uhlobo lwesithuthi (imoto abakhweli, itrakhi, ibhasi, ebhasini, etc ...);
• uhlalutyo nobume bempilo ye ixhoba phambi emva kwengozi;
• imoto ukuphuculwa brand uyakwazi ubuchule ukuze uhlobo umonakalo;
• ukumisela indawo ingozi kunye kwicala isithuthi, kunye nokumisela uhlobo yamavili oko kwabanga ukwenzakala (angasemva okanye ngaphambili);
• kujongwa imeko ixhoba ngexesha yengozi;
• isigqibo Isantya imoto.

Umsebenzi yokugqibela yenye iqhosha ngexesha MEA ngenxa uhlobo uhlobo umonakalo ukulimala ixhoba kumiselwa ngokushukumisa isithuthi ngesantya kuvunyelwe okanye hayi.

Ingaba axilongwe kwezidumbu abemi?

kokuhlolwa kwamathambo sokonakala kakhulu eninzi, abantu abaninzi kangaka esikucelayo, wobeka phi na ke uya kuhlawula ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Nje ufuna ukucacisa ukuba, xa uthe wagqiba ukuba bapase iimviwo zikarhulumente, aze ahlawule nantoni akuyomfuneko. Zonke iindleko zoviwo kuthwalwa nguRhulumente. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli xesha le nkqubo kakhulu elide kwaye ingathatha iinyanga eziliqela.

Ukuba awufuni ukuba silinde ukuba elide, unalo ilungelo lokuba isicelo abasebenzi ingcali kwilebhu non-uchaze ukuba uya kukuvuyela iinkonzo ezinxulumene, kodwa ibe lidini lentlawulo. Isixa lwentlawulo luya kuxhomekeka kummandla, ukungxamiseka nokuntsonkotha. Okwangoku, iindleko umndilili MEA kumaziko abucala imalunga-10 amawaka. Engange. Ngelo xesha eMoscow St Petersburg SME Ixabiso lingaba ukufikelela ukuya ku-25 amawaka. Engange, lo gama kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni inokubuyiselwa kuqikelelwa kwi 2-5 amawaka. Engange.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba iimviwo neenkundla kwengozi kufuneka uphendule imibuzo. Yaye ngakumbi yale mibuzo, kokukhona kuya kuba iindleko zokubonelela ngeenkonzo. Ngoko ke, ukuze bafumane ngedatha ethembekileyo kwiindleko axilongwe lwasenkundleni, kuya kufuneka uye ngqo abasebenzi elabhoratri reference. Kuphela ikhono labo ukunika impendulo ngqo kwaye generalizing lo mbuzo: "Yimalini lubekelwe baxilongwe?"

Ekugqibeleni Ndingathanda ukunika ingcebiso. Ungaze ndwendwela kwilebhu ethandabuzekayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kwilebhu ingcali abucala, khangela kuyo yonke loo nkcazelo. Kanjalo musani ukukholwa ezo iingcali abakulungeleyo ukukunceda ukuba imali encinane. Forensic uviwo emva kwengozi - eninzi, babenikela ngenxa ngazo ngokufanelekileyo.