Firebrick: iimpawu, ubungakanani, iintlobo. izitena Fireclay eliyinjubaqa ukuba iziko

Ukwakhiwa iiglasi zazo, amaziko mveliso, maziko kunye nezinye izakhiwo wamatye elisebenza phantsi amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo olunjalo ilitye eqhelekileyo yodongwe okanye siliceous akwamkelekanga kuba kukho amathuba okuba zaphuka. Iingcali kusetyenziswa elinjubaqa izitena, wamatye leyo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izisombululo efanayo thermostable. ukumelana Tshisa zokufunda kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa kaJohn kunye nokusetyenziswa amacandelo ezithile ekwenziweni samatye.

iimpawu

izitena eliyinjubaqa uneempawu ezikhethekileyo yodongwe ilitye eqhelekileyo ngumntu okanye silicate. A izinto inxalenye edityanisiweyo kuphuma udongwe ezimhlophe ngoobani, bevela ubumdaka zixhomekeke kwiimpawu kunye iintlobo lezitena niya kulirhola. Noko ke, bonke benayo udidi - refractories, okt ukukwazi ukugcina iimpawu zazo yoqobo xa zibethwa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, elingaphaya degrees 1580.

Zisebenza ikakhulu kolu shishino, kwaye ngoko ke nokuveliswa refractories iimfuno eziphakamileyo. Ngenxa yokuba nayiphi na ukungaphumeleli ngokusebenza izinto ezinjalo igcwele iilahleko ezinkulu, hayi ixesha kuphela, kodwa zemali. Into esemqoka - zinika ukhuseleko. Eliyinjubaqa izinto izitena ubushushu umlilo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi amatye ngumntu ezingatshiyo:

• Phantsi conductivity thermal - ukukwazi ukugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi iiyunithi thermal.
• ukumelana Ubushushu - yezitena amandla ukugcinwa xa baboniswa lobushushu elingaphaya degrees 1580.
• Le inertia thermal - ukukwazi izixhobo eliyinjubaqa ukupholisa ngokucotha kumo ngokukhawuleza.
• umthamo Heat - iimpawu esibonelela ukuba imbuyekezo ezinye izitena yokwakha ubushushu.
• ukumelana Chemical nerhasi eshushu, zeBlack nentsimbi.
• Le Bonga of volume, ngamanye amatye mpawu eliyinjubaqa okanye hayi ukunika kubekho ukuncipha kuluhlu ka 0.5% kwi-1%.

isicelo

izitena elinjubaqa, iimpawu ezahlukileyo izinto wamatye njengesiqhelo wafumana isicelo yayo ekwakheni kweeyunithi thermal. Kumashishini metallurgical ngenxa ukunyibilika yesinyithi, nickel, ikopolo, ke kufuna lobushushu ngentla degrees 1500, eziko ifilim leyo udonga kuphela dolomite, ka dust, yezitena hromomagnezitovogo. nakwiingqameko zalo, ilitye dust kunye esetyenziselwa amaziko lining ukusebenza kunye zizinto emuncu. Yena ekwandiseni, kodwa Magnesite elinjubaqa zixinaniswe, ngoko ke arch lo wokugqibela baphele. Oko kukuthi, uhlobo ngalunye ngezitena loo mqathango iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

I non-metallurgical ilitye eliyinjubaqa mveliso kusetyenziswa izixhobo yemveliso wamatye lwekhemikhali, boilers eluncedo, kilns coke; Iiyunithi mveliso zeglasi.

iintlobo

izitena eliyinjubaqa kukuba kwiinguqulelo ezine. uhlobo Carbon ezenziwa amalahle tar kongezwe powder coke / anthracite. a izinto ezifana ubushushu-ukumelana kunye shlakoustoychivy. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izakhiwo ezisetyenziswa yamaZiko udubulo. Noko ke, elinye umaleko iimveliso eliyinjubaqa wabeka sokukhuselwa kuyo. Silica (zwi) kuveliswe ukusuka ngumgubo ilitye zwi kunye nobisi lime. Refractoriness ezinjalo izinto ngama-1730, kwaye kusetyenziswa izixhobo izitena wamatye wadibana bume emuncu.

Magnesite, chromite, isitena chrome-Magnesite yenziwe minerals wazosa izonkana. Kukho kwakhona lesilicon khabhayithi kunye grafayithi iimveliso. iyawulwa umlilo kweentlobo ezinjalo - ukususela 1500 ukuya degrees 2000.

Xa Uhlobo aluminous uquka izinto ezithandwayo kushishino - Fireclay izitena eliyinjubaqa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ngaphezu kwe-30% ye-aluminiyam oxide (alumina) kwaye kufuneka ubukho ngodongwe olulodwa ukumelana kumaqondo obushushu. iyawulwa umlilo - up to degrees 1400.

Iipropati Classification chemical

Kuxhomekeka nokwakhiwa iinkalo eziphambili kwamatye ngumntu zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ama-3: cala, ezisisiseko kunye asidi.

Kwiqela asidi zemathiriyeli ngamatshe Silica kunye izitena kvartseglinyasty. Ba ngaphandle kokuhlutha ngokwayo ukusebenzisana bume emuncu.

Nge-bume obrak kweziphazamiso nabo refractories ezisisiseko dolomite, Magnesite, hromomagnezita. ukuba zisetyenziselwa kungekabekwa iiyunithi thermal, befuna umsebenzi wakhe utshintsho elibukhali kwi lobushushu.

K iqela cala wokuhambelana kwemichiza ubalisa izitena, fireclay elinjubaqa, carbon ilitye grafayithi kunye eziphathekayo. Bona iimeko ukumelana kunye obrak, acidic.

zobukhulu imveliso

Dibanisa zonke iintlobo izitena eliyinjubaqa phantsi ubungakanani jikelele akunakwenzeka. uhlobo imveliso nganye ineemfuno zayo GOST for zokwakha evela nalapho ezingundoqo iparameters. Plus, ubungakanani izitena eliyinjubaqa kunokuxhomekeka kwifomu, leyo akusoloko buxande. Oku kunxulumene neqela ATHUNYIWEYO entsonkothileyo zeyunithi thermal, efuna ubukho nakwiingqameko, nasemagumbini.

Umzekelo, imilinganiso bemveliso olunye buxande aqala 230h65h65 mm kunye nesiphelo parameters ngo-345h150h75 mm. Zonke bungu buxande, nesinqumka-emile, ejinga kunye nezinye iimveliso eliyinjubaqa zifumaneka kwi GOST 8691-73.

uphawu

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo oko kuthenga elinjubaqa izitena eziko, ixabiso apho uxhomekeke ngqo kwintsebenzo umbandela, kufuneka ukwazi ileyibhile esisiseko imveliso. Ibhloko nganye ilivo. Le leta yokuqala imela igama nohlobo lwemveliso. Ngoko ke, ukuba yokumakisha unobumba "W", ukuba ekuso iqela amatye fireclay eliyinjubaqa; "D" - Dinas, "M" -mullitovyh.

Le ncwadi yesibini ibonisa ubushushu iphezulu izinto yesicelo. Kuba amatye Umzekelo fireclay:

• SHA, Shaq - 1400 degrees.
• WO - 1350 degrees.
• SHUS, BC - 1250 degrees.
• PB (semi-asidi udidi) - 1350 degrees.
• PV - 1250 degrees.

Ubukhulu izitena eliyinjubaqa babonakala isafobe, nto leyo landulelwa oonobumba bokuqala ezimbini imveliso kraca. Umzekelo, eliyinjubaqa SHA-5 uye parameters 230h114h65 mm kunye SHA-8 - 250h124h65. WO-22 imveliso esibonakala nesinqumka-ezimile socket (kwikasi), amanyathelo ezinjalo izinto - 230h114h65h55 mm. Emva amanani kwi nokumakishwa elandelwa ngeencwadi segama yomvelisi.

iindleko

Kuba ukwakhiwa maziko, ukosa, izitovu kusetyenziswa firebrick. Price of umbandela uxhomekeke lophawu, ubungakanani, iimpawu zoyilo kunye nemveliso. Lokuthelekisa amaxabiso ka-Oktobha 2015 4 iintlobo ezithandwayo firebrick wakhethwa eUkraine naseRashiya. Xa zi-odola i pallet kukho izitena 350-360. Izinga kukuba 1 iiPC.

• SHA-5 mveliso uxande eRashiya iqikelelwa kwi-39,9 engange.
• Ngokufanayo elinjubaqa elidlulileyo, SHA-8, apho lilikhulu kancinci, exabisa 47,9 engange.
• SHA-22 (ekupheleni nesinqumka): ixabiso eRashiya - 49 engange.
• SHA-45 (ekupheleni nesinqumka) iindleko imveliso eRashiya - 41,2 engange.

Indlela ukukhetha iziko ngezitena eliyinjubaqa?

Ekwakheni izixhobo iziko Ungasebenzisa eliqhelekileyo ngezitena ukudutyulwa ebomvu, nemilinganiselo umgangatho apho - 250h120h65 mm. Kufuneka Ndinencam ecacileyo, akukho NOKUCUKUCEZA, ezinemiphetho anencasa engile tye. Kungenjalo bamba iya kuba ethe-ethe. Xa Ekuveleni isakhiwo sezitena kufuneka bomzi, oko kukuthi, kuba akukho iintanda, mgodini kwaye izaleko.

Iron ore - grade perezhzhonnogo izitena zingasetyenziswa kuphela ukuba ifowuni ye iziseko lezonka, ekubeni inxulumene kakhulu kunye nesisombululo. Isigodo (ebomvu), ilitye ngumntu, ikalika, tubing kunye izitena nomgongxo esetyenziswa kungekabekwa yamaziko kunye iiglasi abavumelekanga.

Elinjubaqa izitena eziko, intengo izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezulu kufuneka ilitye yodongwe obomvu ngenxa ingaphakathi kweeyunithi thermal. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukudala esingxotyeni salo yokuzikhusela kusetyenziswa elinjubaqa, leyo kusongelwe iziko. Ngenxa oku, ubushushu eyenziwe ngaphakathi flow akuthethi ziziqhuqhe iindonga eziphambili eziko.

izisombululo

Kuza kufakwa kwiziko eliyinjubaqa kufuneka ibekwe ibe isakhiwo kunye nesicelo kwesisombululo yohlobo olunye okungavela wasiqinisa clutch ngamandla kwaye ziyahlala ngexesha elisikiweyo. Kuba izitovu yasekhaya isisombululo udongwe kusetyenziswa balungiselelwa, kuxhomekeke isiqulatho namanqatha udongwe kongezwe esanti Amanani ka-1: 1 okanye 1: 2. Ithatyathwa ilingane isisombululo uzilungiselele, ukuba kunatyiselwa ibhola xa ezomileyo okanye ngothanda ecaleni aya, yaye xa kuphoselwa phantsi ayikho saa. Ukuba agqithisile isanti, lo gama ibhola uyachitheka, kuqhuma unika phambi inxalenye enkulu ngodongwe isicombululo.

Xa ngokubekwa izixhobo zoshishino firebrick etywiniweyo kunye usebenzisa mortars - i izisombululo calcareous yenzelwe ndibopha iimveliso eliyinjubaqa.

Kucetyiswa ukuba kulungiselelwe nezisombululo calcareous xa om-1 ukuze neziseko wamatye eziko: 2 - 1: 4. imixube Cementitious zisetyenziselwa ukwakha iziseko leeyunithi thermal, abakhuselekanga emanzini, ezifana komhlaba.

Udidi amaziko

Xa ukwakha, nokusekwa kweeyunithi thermal eliyinjubaqa ngezitena wamatye ngenxa mfuno zilandelayo, apho ukumisela udidi yayo:

• Ebubanzini liphezulu ucishe 0.5 no-1 mm lihambisana ingakumbi ngenyameko ngokubekwa isigaba enye.
• Sutures ubukhulu 1-2 mm phakathi izitena bangamalungu iindidi ezimbini.
• Standard (vulgaris) luphawulwa kumalungu wamatye elingqingqwa 3 mm.
• Ukufumaneka udaka phakathi izitena ka-3 mm lihambisana izitena elula eliyinjubaqa.

Iiklasi, grade elinjubaqa, udidi wamatye - zonke ezo nkcukacha kufuneka ukuba mayicaciswe gca kule amaxwebhu zomsebenzi. Ukuba akukho, ngoko Ebubanzini yaseZimbabwe beengxenye ezahlukeneyo zolwakhiwo kumiselwa ngokusekelwe iitafile ezithile.