Block ngodongwe eYandisiweyo: iimpawu, imilinganiselo, amaxabiso. Construction block eziphathekayo

izinto zokwakha kunye kunyaka ngamnye ngakumbi nangakumbi lugqibelele. Oku isuke yi imfuneko yokunciphisa iindleko nokuphucula umgangatho lomsebenzi ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo. Block ngodongwe eyandisiweyo - kuyinto material ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa zokwakha kunye nokuthintela ubushushu lwezakhiwo. Le mveliso ethandwa kakhulu, kuba iba ezininzi iingenelo.

Yintoni block?

element thaca iqulathe amacandelo ezininzi zendalo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhuselekile, emsebenzini udongwe, isanti, amanzi kunye isamente. Oku lisetyenziswe ngokufuthi ekwakhiweni ezisezantsi ukunyuka izakhiwo. Faka izinto ezinjalo kuba phantse naphi na, nokuba iimeko zemozulu.

ibloko eziphathekayo unokuba imilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Umzekelo, ukuphakama i element isusela ukusuka cm-19 ukuya ku-24, kububanzi - ukusuka cm-7 ukuya ku-50, ubude -. Cm 12 ukuya 45 ngaphakathi block ngodongwe eyandisiweyo sele imigodi ezinikezelwa apho yesandi nobushushu zokwambathisa ipropati le element. Kuba ufakelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula kwimveliso nganye ziquka ubukho vee emikhulu.

ezibonakalayo

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele, yintoni iingenelo abe block ngodongwe eyandisiweyo. Ngoko ke, siya iyakwazi ukuphawula iingenelo ezinikezelwa iimveliso:

1. Inqanaba eliphantsi conductivity thermal. Oko kukuthi, iibhloko zithathwa ukuba abe yokwambathisa yekhethelo, uyakwazi ukugcina ubushushu kweli gumbi.

2. A degree ngokwaneleyo ephezulu, inqaba.

3. A sound olungileyo usambathisa. Ngoko ke, lo eziphathekayo kusetyenziselwa ukwakha izindlu, nto leyo eya kuba kuyo kufutshane kweendlela ezixakekileyo.

4. ubunzima Light. Le inzuzo kwenza kube lula ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini emhlabeni bayoyisakala kakhulu.

5. processing Quick and kulula.

6. Resistance ukuba iikhemikhali, ukufuma, utshintsho obushushu kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi.

7. Uyilo kubuhle.

8. ixabiso Elilungileyo.

9. Resistance nomlilo kunye nokubola.

10. I-high amandla ixesha elide.

11. ntumbuluko Ikholoji.

Ubungakanani Befayile eziphathekayo liyayivumela ukuba kusetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ongaqhelekanga izakhiwo. Yaye le nto nga 'ukuphefumla. " Kwaye ubungakanani ibloko eziphathekayo kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakha.

Zeziphi ezingalunganga kuye eziphathekayo?

Noko ke, kukho izinto ethile embalwa:

- degree eliphezulu ubu. Ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokuba ukusebenzisa izitena yonke laziseko kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo.

- Amandla ezincinane kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi eziphathekayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntsilelo kulula basuswe. Inani elikhulu yeenzuzo kwenza afanelekileyo eziphathekayo.

Types of block eziphathekayo

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele oko iintlobo ezi mveliso. Oku kuya kukunceda ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukhetho zokwakha. Ngenxa yoko, iibhloko ngodongwe zandiswa, ixabiso isusela ngeesenti 0.25 ukuya 0.60 isabelo nganye, kungaba:

1. Ulenze. Oku kuquka ezixineneyo ayinkulwanga kakhulu isicombululo ekwenziweni amacandelo. Sebenzisa iibhloko abanjalo ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kunye nokugcinwa yokonga amandla ekhaya.

2. A full-eyomeleleyo. Bathi ezixineneyo. Izinto ezinjengezi zinako ukuba zingasetyenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo umthwalo-ngokuzala, okanye kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Kwimeko yokugqibela kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-thermal kunye nesandi ngendlela elungileyo, ukuba iimeko zokusebenza ezingalunganga uzinzo.

iimpawu technical

Nasiphi na isixhobo sokwakha imigaqo ethile yobugcisa ukuba ibango ngumvelisi. Bona kuxhomekeka kuhlobo imveliso ukuba yenziwe. Ukuba ufuna ukuqala ulwakhiwo ibloko eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- mninzi: ukusuka 350 ukuya 1800 kg / m ^3.

- Frost: kumjikelo 100 ukuya 500.

- amandla Compressive: 0.5 - 50 MN / m ^2.

- Imilinganiselo: ukuphakama - 138-188 mm, ububanzi - 90-288 mm, ubude - 90-590 mm.

Neebhloko nzima ukuhlala.

izinto Iimpawu

Ndimele ndithi ukuba iimveliso thaca athandwa kakhulu. Oku zonke ngenxa iimpawu zazo. Umzekelo:

- Ngexesha ufakelo phantse akukho yokulwa. Kwaye emva kokuba isakhiwo phantse ohleliyo.

- Xa lexinene eziqalelo, nto leyo 600 kg / m ^{3 kwaye} sibonelela wamatye high quality yokugquma, kuyimfuneko ukuba nezinyuko zayo hayi ngaphantsi kwe-50 cm.

- Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ingozi ephantsi neentanda iindonga ngokufulelwa block eziphathekayo. Inyaniso yokuba izinto babe namandla eliphezulu flexural.

- Ngenxa nakummango kwaye vee umbandela Kulula kakhulu ukuba ukufaka. Ngelo xesha linye ngokubekwa ujika ejulile kunene.

- Sebenzisa izinto zokufunda ezinikiweyo kuba ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo, singayi lisenziwa shushu ngako. Isibakala sokuba iibhloko ube kancinci ukufuma.

- Ixabiso kwale nto kwamkelekile. Kungenxa yoko le nto ikhaya eziphathekayo block ngokubaluleka kuthandwa. Ingakumbi ngexesha ulwakhiwo lifinyele kakhulu.

Ukucaciswa ezibonakalayo

Kuba nokuveliswa kwemveliso ezingenisiweyo, kuya kufuneka kakhulu nentwana eziphathekayo. Zonke ezo zendalo, ngoko ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo iimveliso kuqinisekiswa umenzi. Ukuze asebenze udinga isanti, isamente, amanzi kunye nodongwe eyandisiweyo (ngodongwe calcined ngokohlobo iibhola ezincinane). Ngaphezu koko, i kwingongoma ebalulekileyo iqhezu mbandela. Umzekelo, ukuba izinto eziqinileyo uthabathe ibloko eziphathekayo, ongadluli 2.1 cm, umngxuma - 0.5-1 cm.

Inkqubo Abakhi iqulathe izigaba ezithile:

1. Ukulungiswa mxube. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuthobela zonke olinganise.

2. eyothi ngumngundo kunye ramming umxube.

3. iibhloko ukupheka.

4. Izinto Ukuqwayita. Kuthatha malunga 1-2 iiveki.

Malunga nenkxaso zeteknoloji, awufuni izixhobo ezibizayo kakhulu block eziphathekayo. Kubalulekile ukuba esifanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho. Kuba imveliso, unako ukuthenga i umgca ezenzekelayo. Ukuba Asikabi nazo nemali eyaneleyo kuyo, ungathenga ezimbalwa izixhobo ezifunekayo: isixhobo okuxuba izithako, itafile ehlokomayo ngenxa Kuqukaniswa isisombululo, engena izinto eziko. Kwaye kufuneka indawo yome iibhloko igqityiwe.

On ukuthobela yonke imimiselo zobugcisa luxhomekeke ngqo kwinqanaba umgangatho imveliso. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze enze izinto ezomeleleyo ngakumbi, zifakwe nesisombululo istro (foamed).

Sebenzisa le eziphathekayo kuba ukwakhiwa angaphantsi, maqula, izakhiwo eziphantsi-Vuka, iziseko kunye nezakhiwo kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Ekubeni imveliso block eziphathekayo Akukho nzima kakhulu, oko Ungahlela wawo.

Iindlela iibhloko ingqokelela

Kulwakhiwo womelela, wema iminyaka emininzi, kuyimfuneko ukwakha ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokwendalo, iiyunithi yokuvelisa ethile kuvumela ukwenza ukubekwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungekho naziphi na iingxaki. Kodwa iindlela ingqokelela ebengekamazi iindleko. Kukho nje ezimbalwa:

1. Xa ubude elinye tubal. Ngoko ke ubushushu beendonga inyanzelekile. Le ndlela efanelekileyo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezincinane neebhafu.

2. zenza into enye. Kwicala elingaphandle zodonga ngexesha elifanayo luxhomekeke yokwambathisa ngaphakathi - enatyabeka ngako. Kungcono ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo ushishino ngendlela.

3. Izinto tubal kunye nezithuba therebetween. Isithuba kufuneka kuzala izinto xa igqunyiwe. Yile ndlela ilungileyo uyisebenzise ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zabucala kunye nezindlu.

ubuchwepheshe ngokubekwa

Enyanisweni, akukho awohluke. izinto zibekwe efana kunye izitena. Ukuze asebenze ayidingi izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kulungiselelwe kuphela ngenkcenkce kwinqanaba okuphumelela, olumpuluswa, isando irabha, kwaye nasiphi na isiqulathi ukuba isisombululo. Ukomeleza wamatye isicelo abalwazi umnatha.

Ngokwendalo, isiseko ukuba ngokubekwa kufuneka sele ilungiselelwe kunye zilungelelaniswe. Ngokubhekele phaya bamisa lukrozo lokuqala iibhloko. Wayibeka phezu ekujikeni. Eli nani obekwe nesisombululo ngamanzi, nezinyuko awo kufuneka ngaphezu-30 cm.

Emva kokuba maleko wokuqala lugqityiwe, kufuneka lutshekishwe ngononophelo inqanaba. Iibhloko kufuneka zipakishwe kunye beentanda offset. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye namandla beendonga. amalungu nkqo nga Ukongezelela ukulungisa umxube ongenanto. Ngenxa vee ngokusebenzisa slits angeke.

Hlikihla isisombululo kufuneka into entsha, endaweni nesimbo. Oku kuya kwenza efanayo wamatye ngakumbi. Nantso zonke iinkalo block eziphathekayo. Ngenxa izinto zayo, le nto iyaqhubeka ukuba kwimfuno.