"AN-158". Elifutshane-zothutho umkhweli moya "AN-158": ncomo, iifoto

Airliner "AN-158", nto leyo ifumaneka ngezantsi komfanekiso, umele omnye iinguqulelo ngakumbi imodeli ezithandwayo kunye nempumelelo "AN-148". Eyona njongo iphambili yale moya zithathwa zothutho emoyeni abakhweli kwiindawo zengingqi nabeengingqi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqaleni izicwangciso imveliso yawo phantsi ileyibhile "An-148-200". Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, abaphuhlisi, abameli Design isemoyeni bureau ( "isemoyeni Design Bureau"), igama entsha. iinjineli Izimvo kunye iingcali ezininzi kule ndawo iphawulwa njengomzekelo wenqanawa, leyo ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zale mihla ngokuphathelele kokusingqongileyo flight nokhuseleko.

Umahluko ezingundoqo owayephambi yayo

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, isiseko imodeli entsha yaba moya "AN-148". Okokuqala, xa kuthelekiswa nale loyamano ezintsha ifumene angaphakathi capacious ngakumbi. Ngokukodwa, eli nani liphezulu kangangoko labantu abathuthwayo, ukongeza crew, eyenziwe abakhweli 99. Oku kufikelelwe nabaqambi "isemoyeni Design Bureau" kubangelwa ikakhulu kukunyuka (sasiziimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha) ubude gumbi umkhweli. Ukongeza, amanqwanqwa imithwalo banzi sele ifakiwe kule airliner umkhweli. isisombululo engineering yesitshixo sele ukuphucula uyilo kwamaphiko. Oku kuza kunciphisa iindleko ngqo yokusebenza nge-12 ekhulwini kunye amafutha ukusetyenziswa kwe-moya - nge-3 ekhulwini.

design

Uphuhliso yoyilo yeprojekthi imodeli entsha moya "AN-158" yaqukunjelwa ngo-2009. inxaxheba Active kulo msebenzi evela ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini amashishini, ibekwe kumazwe elinesihlanu evela ehlabathini lonke. Akunakwenzeka ukuba baqwalasele into yokuba malunga asixhenxe ekhulwini zonke iindawo zecandelo kunye neeyunithi kule modeli eyenziweyo kwaye inikezelwa ziinkampani zasekhaya.

Building kunye bt esemthethweni kwase

Ukudala ikopi ixesha bt wathabatha malunga omnye nonyaka. Yaba ukuguqulwa ebalulekileyo yangaphambili kwakhona ( "AN-148"). Abakhi e ngokoqobo redrew-moya waza umzimba wakhe. Le isisombululo eye wavumela ngakumbi ibekwe ngaphakathi izihlalo-14 ngaphezulu. Embindini ka Septemba 2009 saqalisa umsebenzi uguqulo nqanawa embilwini. Uninzi iiyunithi kunye neeyunithi athathwa ukusuka kuguqulelo yangaphambili. Ngelo xesha linye ezintsha ufumene inani ukuphucuka ezintsha. Aprili 21, 2010 eKiev, abameli "isemoyeni Design Bureau" yabonisa eendaba imodeli umfuniselo imodeli entsha.

imveliso Series kwaqala kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-2010 ngexesha isityalo lokuvelisa moya "isemoyeni". Ixabiso nenye-moya loo malunga namashumi amathathu ezigidi zeerandi US, kodwa ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo lwayo.

Uhambo lokuqala

Bt (test) flight entsha iye yenziwa ngeveki emva kokungeniswa - Aprili 28, 2010. Inqanawa wathabatha angabikho kummandla Kiev mveliso indiza, emva koko wafika ngempumelelo Gostomel (kummandla Kiev). Emva koko ke bendiza yaphakamisa ngenqwelomoya endaweni leyo obeziimitha 8600. Ngokutsho nabaphandi, umfuziselo esibonakala uzinzo aphezulu kunye nokuphathwa elihle phezu zonke ezise ezivavanyiweyo. amalungu Crew kwiziphumo moya akazange enze naliphi na mazwi.

isitifiketi

Xa nqanaba iimvavanyo moya lokuthobela kunye data moya iimpawu design phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo yokusebenza iyahlolwa zonke iinqwelo-moya umkhweli. "AN-158" akukho ngaphandle. Akumangalisi oku, ekubeni iziqinisekiso achaphazelekayo ukuba ukunika ilungelo lokusebenzisa ezorhwebo moya, zingafunyanwa kuphela iziphumo zabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo kunye nenkqubo yoqinisekiso ithatha iminyaka emine. Kwimeko lo moya iye kakhulu kwanciphisa elo xesha, ngenxa yokuba ivavanywe kuphela imisebenzi emitsha nga abolekwe kwi "AN-148". Ngenxa yoko, Februwari 28, 2011 Certification iindaba lugqityiwe.

Le modeli wayedlisela yokuba iziqinisekiso zekomiti Aviation interstate lamazwe akwi ukuya ico, kwakunye nolawulo Aviation karhulumente Ukrainian ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye nemithetho "AP-25". Ukongeza, umkhumbi amaxwebhu ukuba ukunika ilungelo ukubaxhaphaza ukuba imigca American kunye yaseYurophu zothutho 86 abakhweli kumgama ozikilometa 3.100 kunye abakhweli 99 - kumgama ozikilometa ukuya ku 2,500. Ukongeza, umatshini eqinisekiswe ICAO udidi, ezafumana amanqaku ka IIIA, nto leyo ithetha ukuba wabo-off kunye kokwehla kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima. Apha, ukuphakama ngesigqibo kwezigqibo kukuba kwi-30 eemitha, kunye ukubonakala evulekile 200 meters.

ukubonakala

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isiseko-moya loguqulelo baba "AN-148". Ukufana ezinxulumene nangaphandle le mifanekiso mibini. amacandelo Ngenxa ezibini ezongezelelweyo iwanyusile ubude epheleleyo fuselage. Eyokuqala linobude 1150 mm kwaye zilahlwa kwi isaphetha, kunye nobude yesibini 550 eemilimitha, nje emva kwecandelo osembindini. Ngenxa yoko, ukumila-moya "AN-158" zaziwa kakhulu. Ubude lilonke moya laliziimitha 34,36, lo gama ukuphakama umkhombe - 8.6 yeemitha.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, uguqulelo esisiseko ye-moya ungakwazi ukuba iphuculwe ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuxhomekeke imisebenzi zicwangciselwe ukwenza ngeendleko kwayo. Ngokukodwa, unako ukwenza imodeli esekelwe kwizithuthi emkhosini, imithwalo, into eluncedo, ucoceko kunye nezinye ulungiso injongo ezizodwa.

Isisu semoto amaphiko

Kwisisu semoto ezintsha lwesamente akufuneki. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubunzima isuka ubuninzi-moya, xa kuthelekiswa ne inguquko yangaphambili ayikatshintshi. Iyafana-moya "AN-148-100E" yaye tons 43,7. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwanda enokwenzeka nani liphezulu abakhweli ngenxa zobude lomzimba kwakhokelela ekuncipheni ibhabha practical uluhlu malunga nama-400 leekhilomitha.

-Moya "AN-158" waye yaphuculwa iphiko. Xa ayifake airfoils ubukhulu bobungakanani lehla amafutha airliner. Njengoko kuba umsila, oko iphawulwa uyilo ezimile T-. iphiko span imitha 28,91, yaye indawo yayo - 84,32 square metres.

iimpawu technical

Xa indima mveliso kwi imodeli "AN-158" isebenzisa ezimbini turbojet injini "D-436-148", ezo ngoku wakhelwe "Motor isinxibelelanisi" nokubonelela ibambelele, nto leyo 6730 kg. Ukuphuhlisa units data obandakanyeka Zaporozhye "Inkqubela" Design Engineering Bureau. Isantya ingami benqanawa yi-820 km / h, ngelixa ubuninzi - km 870 / h. Lo matshini isebenzisa umlinganiselo 1650 kg kumafutha ngeyure nganye. Flight isilingi ngokulinganiselwa kwakhe eemitha 12 ukuya 500. Umgama siphezulu inokubhabha le jet yengingqi, i-3100 km. Uninzi isitya weight ukundiza ilingana 43 700 kg ubunzima payload - 9800 kg.

indawo ehlala umqhubi wenqwelo-moya

Eli qela liquka abantu ababini. Lo moya umiselwe avionics entsonkothileyo mihla, equka ezintlanu imiboniso mihla nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo kunye wamanzi akhazimlayo. Bona esilungiselelwe ulawulo ohlukileyo kunye neenkqubo zonke kwi-Yodi, kwakunye ukubonisa zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko flight. Zonke iinkqubo, ulondolozo, ulawulo kunye nokusebenza isitya onobunye ngamandla phantsi engaphambili - imodeli "AN-148". Kulo mba, moya umkhweli data (photo ityala point) efana kakhulu, kungekuphela nje ngaphandle kodwa ngaphakathi. Olu phawu kakhulu lula, kuba akukho mfuneko ukuba aqeqeshe Ukongezelela a ukuguqulwa entsha abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi emhlabeni lowo enze lwesiqhelo.

amandla okusebenza

amagama athile bafanelwe airliner "AN-158" iimpawu lwezakhono zayo zokusebenza. Nangakumbi, lo matshini ungenza zeehambo ngomoya zombini emini nasebusuku, nkqu kukho iimeko ezinzima zemozulu. Oku kubandakanya nokuba imiqathango icing zendalo, xa amaqondo obushushu na kwi -30 degrees Celsius. Ngokubanzi, lo moya yenzelwe ulawulo ubushushu, leyo kuluhlu degrees -55 ukuya +45. Ukufezekisa uhambo kunye nendlela kokwehla zokuchopha, ezo zibekwe kwiindawo ezise ukusuka -300 ukuya 3000 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ukuba nokwenzeka iimodeli zokusebenza kwiimeko ezinjalo sangqineka emva kokuqhuba uthotho lweemvavanyo. Ngokukodwa, ngoFebruwari 2011, umatshini wenze moya-16 e-Iran, yaye ngoNovemba 2013 - iye yavavanywa kulo zokuchopha eziphakamileyo eBolivia Ecuador.

abathengi

-Moya "AN-158" namhlanje ithatha indawo ofaneleyo emarikeni-moya lwengingqi. ukuze yokuqala enkulu umfuziselo we weza evela ePanama ngehlobo lowe-2011. khona koko ke utyikitye isivumelwano sokubonelela nasemva-intengiso aqhubeke cars mabini. Ngo-Apreli 2013, le nkampani Cuba Cubana de Aviacion airliner efumaneke ezintathu imodeli, uze emva koko makayifake i-odolo yakho iikopi ezintathu. Ngokubanzi, injongo yokuthenga ngaphezu kwekhulu iinqanawa, "AN-158" watsho babethwele evela Latin America, Afrika, Asia kunye ne-Russia, Ukraine.

Okwangoku, i iinjineli ka isemoyeni Design Bureau sisebenza nzima ukuphucula umgangatho intuthuzelo kwabakhweli kunye nabasebenzi. Ukongeza, amathuba kunye nethemba iilori iinketho ezikhethekileyo moya ikwazi ukwenza iindidi ngeendidi zemisebenzi zezithuthi emkhosini zoPhapho.