Yintoni na, uphuhliso yokukhuluma ontogenesis

Inkqubo yonxibelelwano uyiqhelile kwaye zixhaphakile ukuba uninzi lwabantu. uhlobo lolwimi unxibelelwano kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunxibelelana iingcinga zakhe njengoko ziqulunqwe kubantwana abancinane, kunye nabantu abadala. Enye into kukuba umgangatho nokusetyenziswa ilizwi zinokuba nomahluko. Ngokutsho kweengcali, abantu kulo phantse bonke ubomi lokwandisa amava akhe ukusetyenziswa kolwimi njengendlela zonxibelelwano ngomlomo, ukuphucula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni yobudala post-osandul ebantwini, izakhono ezingundoqo zokunxibelelana nehlabathi ngaphandle, kuquka nentetho. Uphuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis kwenzeka ngamanqanaba, ezinye zazo ukuze ubonise inqanaba izakhono data, apho, xa uqala kuqala, akunanto yakwenza imfundiso endala yonxibelelwano ulwimi.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga intetho

zingathathwa unxibelelwano ngomlomo njengesixhobo nokwabelana ngolwazi. Kuyinto ngenxa inkqubo psycholinguistic evelayo ngenxa izakhono zolwimi, umntu unako ukusebenzisa elidlulileyo kunye namava ngoku abanye abantu. Ngoko ke wathatha imilo kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono esele uluntu. Kunye nale, oko ayikwazi ukuba wodwa from the instrument olukhawulezileyo ukuphunyezwa kwayo - ulwimi. Kwelinye icala, kubhekiswa amalungu kuhambisana nomzimba, yaye kwelinye - iseti iimpawu ezichaza le okanye loo meko, okanye into yehlabathi yokwenene. ukusetyenziswa Umgangatho lokulwazi ulwimi emiselwe izakhono kunye ukwanela konxibelelwano. Kunye nophuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis luhlobo isiseko apho ukwakha ukuyilwa elandelayo ukuhambisana, kunye nezinye nobuchule.

Iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi zentetho

Njengoko sele sibonile, Kuvumelekile umntu kuzuzwe amanqanaba mihla eliphezulu yengqesho. Oku kwenziwe imibulelo kunokwenzeka yokuba umntu akwazi ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle imisebenzi unxibelelwano ngomlomo. Oku kakhulu umsebenzi zonxibelelwano, leyo umi iingcinga umguquleli umntu othile. Apha kufuneka kugxininiswe, kwaye ukukwazi ukuqonda intetho, ngaphandle apho inkqubo psycholinguistic okanye kakhulu osemanzini okanye akwenzi ngqiqo. Ngelo xesha linye, ibe nokusetyenziswa kwayo bangela kwimisebenzi yengqondo, apho izakhono ekuphuculeni ezifana inkumbulo, imbono, ukucinga, njalo njalo. D. Njengokuba umsebenzi zonxibelelwano, ubuchule zizakuxhomekeka kwindlela esebenza ngayo intetho ngokwayo. Uphuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis nokwenza iimpawu esemgangathweni obo buchule. Phakathi kwawo ke amandla okudlulisela enentsingiselo iingcamango, ingcaciso efanelekileyo, imizwa kunye nokusebenza, okt ifuthe interlocutor.

Amanqanaba umsebenzi intetho

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo systematization ngamanyathelo kule nkqubo apho, kunye ubuchule ngamandla Ukwakheka izakhono ekusebenziseni intetho. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zonke efanayo kukho nezigaba ezithathu ezisisiseko - a yamalungiselelo, pre-school kunye namaxesha pre-school. I lokuqala sigaba sibandakanya uphuhliso yokuthetha kwisithuba ukuya kunyaka omnye. Kwaye lungahlulwa-hlulwa kunye izihlandlo eziliqela, njengoko ngeli xesha na amanqaku eziliqela inguqu ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso khona. Oku kulandelwa nqanaba ekuthiwa-prayimari okanye pre-school, i ekhubekisayo apho umntwana sele kufuneka afumane izakhono ezisisiseko nje isixhobo ilizwi. Kodwa kwakhona, loo nto kuphela ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso yokuthetha ontogeny, apho umntu alindele ukuba iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ngokwemiqathango yokuphucula umgangatho ubuchule ukunxibelelana. Isigaba sesithathu iquka izakhono sele ekubeni izixhobo zegrama.

Ukusabela Intetho yokuqala

Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yokuzalwa kuhlwe iintlobo yemveli oludala intetho akakwazi ukuthetha, kodwa eli xesha kubalulekile ngokwemiqathango lokusekwa apparatus kwezwi. Kubalulekile, kuba ngelo xesha kuyenzeka ukuphelisa ezinye iziphene komzimba ukuba kamva abe ingumqobo ekukhuleni ngokupheleleyo ubuchule ukuhambisana. Ngoko ke, indawo ezizodwa imizimba zohlolo eziza kuqinisekisa uphuhliso elizayo yokuthetha ontogenesis. Ngokufutshane, la maqumrhu ingachazwa oneziqu equka izixhobo ukuphefumla, ilizwi kunye nokucacisa. Umntwana kweli xesha baqalisa ukubonisa intshukumo kula masebe, apho wanikela ukukhala kunye ikukukhalisa.

uphuhliso lolwimi kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintandathu zobomi

iinyanga 5-6, umntwana uqala lukhuni isixhobo uyakhala, oko ngokuzithemba ephololoza ekhwaza. Ekupheleni zokuhlala wabonakalaliswa Gulen, leyo kwakhona ukunika inkcazelo malunga iziphene kunokwenzeka. Yiyiphi enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ngaxeshanye kunye ekuphuhliseni ubuchule babo ukuze kunxibelelwano intetho, abantwana baqala ukuthatha ngenkuthalo iqela izandi, lubanike ixabiso eyahlukileyo. Abazali kunye engqongileyo ngokubanzi kungachaphazela nokudityaniswa lamagama kwimeko yombutho. Ngokubanzi, ingakumbi uphuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis ubukhulu becala zilawulwe yempembelelo yokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Phezu komntwana luchaphazela imvakalozwi, bokuqonda ngamnye lobume kunye neepateni yokuziphatha. Ukuqinisa kwezinye iimeko imodeli, kucetyiswa ukuba ungaziphindi izihlandlo eziliqela - memory komntwana ngeli xesha rhoqo sisixhobo olusebenzayo uphuhliso, kunokuba izakhono bomcebi emzimbeni.

Inqanaba yophuhliso kwixesha ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-5 ukuya 12

Eli xesha luphawulwa utshintsho ezimbini ezibalulekileyo eziza kuphawula inqanaba entsha ekuphuhlisweni kwezakhono zolwimi umntwana. Okokuqala, yinto ukulingiswa esebenzayo abantu abadala. Abantwana musa kuphela sizame ukuxelisa izandi apho nxibelelwano luqhubekayo phakathi kwabo, kodwa baxelisa kanye ubucukubhede ukuhambisana pronunciation. Ngenxa yoko, umfuziselo enohlobo apho ukwakha kuyo. Uphuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis kweli nqanaba kwakhona linombono ukomelezwa unxulumano phakathi kwamagama kunye ihlabathi ngaphandle, kodwa Umbala entsonkothileyo nangokweemvakalelo. Apha ungenza phawula inguqu enkulu yesibini kwicala lophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Le ukuvela iimpendulo ngqo ngakumbi ukuba amagama namabinzana. Umntwana uyabubona ngokupheleleyo abadala kwaye kuthatha rhoqo yayo ezinye izisombululo.

Inqanaba yophuhliso kwixesha ukususela kwiminyaka 1 ukuya ku-3

Ngeli xesha, umntwana kwakhiwa izixhobo kuhambisana qho fixed eziqingqiweyo apho bazazi yintoni abadala bathini. Ukuba kunyaka wokuqala ekuqondeni amagama kwenzeka ngendlela ngokubanzi, ngeli xesha, abantwana sele ilifa intetho ngaphezulu okanye ezinzileyo ngaphantsi, nangona kunye iimpazamo ezinzulu. Umzekelo, ukuba kungaba ukudida iintsingiselo amanye amagama, shiya izalathandawo, kunye namava ubunzima ngokwemiqathango izicelo. Kweli nqanaba zophuhliso lolwimi ngexesha ontogeny ikakhulu kwenzeka ngenxa beqokelela kwamagama. Oko kukuthi, ukuphathwa mechanical sele kwi nqanaba ukusekwa esebenzayo nokuphuculwa kuphela, kodwa abantwana abaninzi babe ubunzima ngqo ukusuka yokunqongophala isigama.

Inqanaba yophuhliso kwixesha ukususela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya ku-7

Ukuqalela kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala, abantwana sele ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo ngendlela eqondakalayo, eqikelelayo yokuma kwezivakalsi. Kakade ke, kweli thuba iza kuba ezininzi iimpazamo. Abaninzi kubo nangoku ukuba ngenxa yokuba ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa kakuhle izivakalisi ezimbaxa kunye, kwezinye iimeko, kuvunyelwe iimpazamo amagama izandi. Kwakhona okubonakalayo lwezandi luphuhla. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana ngempumelelo enkulu inokuba ezifanelekileyo ukulawula likabani ilizwi lakhe. Yena uva yena uyakulaya, ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo ebekwe yi abadala. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi okufunda abazali kusenjalo ebalulekileyo. Ukongeza, uphuhliso kwintetho abantwana xa ontogenesis kweli nqanaba kuhlangene kunye nokuphuculwa iimpawu ezifana yokucinga, ukukhumbula kunye umbono.

Uphuhliso lwezakhono phonetic kwaye izandi

Wilderness ukukwazi ukuqonda izandi yi indlebe ze udlale ngokuchanekileyo ukusekwa kunye nophuhliso amalungu olukhawulezileyo isizukulwana intetho. Ngamanye amazwi, izixhobo intetho lonke kunye amacandelo ilizwi kunye nenkqubo eziviwayo elinakekela izinto, okwakha ungaziva kakuhle umntwana. Ngaphezu koko, ingqalelo ezininzi kuhlawulwa kuhambisana kungokuba umgangatho yokubiza buxhomekeke kuyo. Kubonisa Kwakhona ngokwawo, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa iintlobo abanzi yelizwi. Iimvakalelo baya azinakanwa ngqo indlela iqapheleka amagama athile. Imvakalozwi, ingakumbi, kweli nqanaba kuba iimpawu zayo zendlela ukuze ephindaphindayo ihambo ezingqonge abadala rhoqo.

Inkqubo Ukwandiswa babangenagama lungelelanisa nelulwimi

Ukongeza beqokelela amazwi, ngeli xesha umntwana izama ukuqhagamshelana nabo kakuhle. I-taxi ezilula sele liphumelele, kodwa babe neengxaki kulwenziwo ngamabinzana ezintsonkothileyo. Izakhono zolawulo olululo amatyala kancane. Kwakhona, nokuphuhlisa ubuchule bokwahlula inkqubo intetho yesininzi kwaye isinye, kunye ukuvalwa t. D. Ithuba kamva, nto leyo eyenzeka ngexesha kuphuhliso yokuma kwezivakalsi yokuthetha ontogeny, luphawulwa ukuyilwa kumanqanaba syntactic kunye morphological lolwazi. Abantwana bafunda ubuchule wesiseko ngamazwi inflection, ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza nezahlulo kwaye bafunde ukuphatha kakuhle ntshikilelo. Kanti izandi zamazwi kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda imiba zentetho yenye yezona zinto zibe zangaphandle, ngenxa apho umntwana iphuhlisa ubuchule bakhe ukunxibelelana.

Development yokuthetha uthungelwano ontogenesis

Kweli xesha kukho someleza olubanzi izakhono ilifa intetho kwiikona ezahlukeneyo - ezikwi, morphological, lungelelanisa nelulwimi. Unxibelelene ngayo ifuna umntwana kakhulu umgudu kunye nalo ngokuya ibandakanya iinkqubo ngengqondo. Ngaba akhiwa nezakhono ukugcina ingxoxo, nto leyo esele ilungu kuphela izivakalisi ezilula okanye ezimbaxa, kodwa ifuna abasabela ngomlomo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukunika indlela imibuzo neempendulo. Njengoko indlela yophuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis show, abantwana baqala ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inkqubo yonxibelelwano kunye nemeko yayo. I-jikelele meko, lona lubopha izinto umntwana kunye yangasemva interlocutor, unefuthe intetho yakhe.

iinkqubo ezingahambanga ngokomgaqo ezinokwenzeka kwinkqubo yophuhliso lolwimi

iziphene intetho kakhulu ezinxulumene hypoplasia imisebenzi yengqondo, kodwa akholisa ukubakho nabanezinto ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo zombini oonobangela ezihlobeneyo enye, ngenxa apho baseka sidwelise zinto, angavumeli noluqondakalayo lifumane indlela ukubatshabalalisa ngxaki. Ezi iziphene ekunokuthiwa alalia, dysphonia, logoneurosis njalo njalo .. Ezinye makhwiniba zinxulunyaniswa yokuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yemfundo ilizwi, ezinye iingxaki zibangelwa yi yokuncedisa ukuva, ngoxa abanye musa ukuvumela ukuba alungiselele temporitmicheskuyu umsebenzi ngokuchanekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha izifo yophuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis Awukwazi ukulungisa besebancinane. Kodwa njengoko bekhula, nkqu nangaphakathi sikwinqanaba lokuqala ukubunjwa intetho ukujongana komgomo ezinjalo kusiba nzima.

isiphelo

Ngokutsho kweengcali, akukho imodeli jikelele apho kukho uphuhliso namandla yokuthetha. Njengoko ukuyilwa izakhono ezifana wonke umntwana njenge ibhulorho iphuhlise inkqubo yayo, ukunceda ukuba baqonde imithetho kunye nemigaqo apho isekelwe. Uphuhliso yokuthetha ontogenesis kwakhona eyenzekayo, engamzondi lwezakhono ezithile. Kufuneka walungisa. Umzekelo, kusenokuba kwi zigaba okuqala bazive phindo izandi yokukhala kwefowuni, kodwa ukhupha de abakwaziyo ukuyenza. Kwezinye Ngokuphathelele umahluko iimpawu ngamnye yonxibelelwano yokuthetha olwenzeka ngayo inxalenye yoluvo phonetic, kodwa kuya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo oyinxalenye nokukwazi amazwi ukusonga sesivakalisi nokugcina iibhokisi.