Rio 2016: Ngaba kokuba amanzi anetyhefu okusela?

Imidlalo Olimpiki 2016 ukuya kubanjelwa e Rio de Janeiro, baba isihloko bekukho impikiswano eshushu ngaphambi kokuqala kwalo. Omnye kuphela ukuba ukukhumbula uloyiko ezinxulumene Zika yintsholongwane, enyundululu kweziyobisi, nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko eBrazil, Sineqondo eliphakamileyo lolwaphulo kunye nezibonelelo ezikwimeko elusizi. Kwaye kule minyaka yakutsha nje siye ngokutsha mpikiswano imeko yococeko kwezibonelelo amanzi kuwo umzi.

"Iitispuni ezintathu yamanzi"

amajelo eendaba ehlabathi sithetha into yokuba "ezintathu kuphela iitisipuni" Rio aqulethe amanzi amdaka kuya kuba ngokwaneleyo ukuba iimbaleki abagulayo kuhle ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, abakhenkethi kunye neembaleki hayi Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise amanzi aphilileyo okanye ahlambe kuyo.

Kodwa yintoni uhlobo ingozi, yintoni nezifo wena? Irhashalala kunye nomqala encinane obuhlungu, okanye isifo exotic emvula?

izinto zakutshanje yabonakala emva kokuba zombini i-Associated Press lapapasha ingxelo misele sasithatha inyanga-16 ka-Rio, nto leyo eya kuba yindawo lomzabalazo Olympians ezininzi - Noomateloshe, paddlers kunye ezinekhono. Ukongeza, amanzi aselwandle nazo wafunda, njengoko amakhulu amawaka abakhenkethi izimvu ukuba akunakuqinisekiswa kunxweme esihle Rio de Janeiro.

Le ngozi lokuqala: adenoviruses

Enye yengingqi esiyingozi Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, apho baya kuba ukuphehla nokuhamba ngomkhombe izilingo. Isampuli ethatyathiweyo apho isifundo ngoMatshi 2015 lwabonisa ukuba ilitha enye yamanzi ohlala 1.74 bhiliyoni. Adenovirus. Xa kuthelekiswa, newaka kuphela ilitha nganye kubonwa engakhuselekanga mali.

Adenoviruses vutihlamuleri lwezifo ezininzi, kuquka gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, izifo zemiphunga, Ngokuzimela, kunye irhashalala. Kubulungisa kufuneka kuthiwe kwixesha elifutshane ngayo sisifo zingambi kakhulu, kodwa kukho bambalwa kakhulu iimeko oko onempilo kubo ukufa.

Izifo ezininzi ukuze kwenzeke kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ukuba alunyangwanga. Nakuba kunjalo, izifundo eziliqela lubonisa ukuba, kwezinye iimeko, usuleleko adenoviral kunokubangela ukudumba ingqondo ixesha elide iimpuku. Kungenzeka, sonke ubomi ezijongene adenoviruses amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa uthintelwe yi amajoni omzimba, okanye kunokubangela iingxaki namathumbu okanye ekhohlela.

kwamagciwane olubulalayo

Ngelishwa, kukho iqela elinye kwamagciwane abahlala amdaka, leyo kuthiwa kunokubangela ingozi. Ezi ziquka ikholera, segazi, ihepatitis A, yicesina. Bonke nga ezisongela ubomi, nokuba imo yempilo yabantu.

Iibhaktheriya coliform ezinobungozi?

Kwakhona abaphandi bemlinga amanzi Rio ukuba umxholo iintsholongwane coliform. Le ntsholongwane zisoloko zifumaneka endleni ka izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu, ngoko esinethemba ukuba azinayo kakhulu Rio amdaka.

Iisampulu Water esithathwe ngoJuni 2016 ukuya kunxweme Copacabana kunye Ipanema, enyanisweni, wabonisa amazinga aphantsi kakhulu kuzo iintsholongwane coliform. Kule amanzi olwandle, izazinzulu baye bafumanisa ukuba 31 kuphela ngeemililitha 85 100. Ngemilinganiselo yaseMelika, coliforms 400 ilindle 100 mililitha yamanzi nganye ingqalelo isixa ekhuselekileyo wokuhlamba. Noko ke, phezu iinyanga 13 uvavanyo, eli nani ukufukuka, nangona abaphandi yaye akazange ucacise indlela.

Isisongelo irotavirus

Ukongeza, ingxelo ithi ukuba amalwandle Rio iqulathe isixa ezothusayo irotavirus. Amanzi avela Copacabana kunye Ipanema eziqulethwe iiyunithi 7.22 yezigidi kunye 32.7 yezigidi ilitha nganye, ngokulandelelana.

Rotavirus ngoyena nobangela oqhelekileyo usulelo kakhulu gastro-namathumbu ebantwaneni. Iimpawu zokugula nga ziquka urhudo kakhulu, ukugabha, ubuhlungu esiswini kunye nomkhuhlane. I-World Health Organization oseyidrafti yayo yokugqibela sibonisa ukuba ezi iintsholongwane kwabulawa abantwana 215.000 abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu de 2013. Nangona kunjalo, xa abadala abasempilweni usulelo unomoya kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ebangela iimpawu.

Yintoni ngokwenene kusongela kuwe amanzi Rio?

Ngoko ke, i "iitispuni ezintathu amanzi 'ukuba ingaxuthi i zamaphephandaba, okunene kunokubangela isifo, kodwa akufunekanga ibe embi, njengoko batshovo kumajelo eendaba. Mu kuya kwa nshita isisongelo izifo yimvula, eyona ngxaki ke adenoviruses ngamanzi, obe ubaqhiphukisa usulelo nangona ingakumbi enzima, kodwa imeko lenkathazo.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nenqanaba lokwenziwa adenoviruses, abaphandi bayavuma ukuba oku ipesenti ephezulu gqitha. Lo umgangatho intsholongwane ebangela isifo alwaziwa kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, kuba iintsholongwane amdaka. Enjalo isixa adenoviruses emanzini kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu ukuba ngengozi ungena emzimbeni emlonyeni okanye nempumlo.

Ukongeza, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe kunye neembaleki, ingakumbi abo bahlala ngaphandle amazwe Umzantsi Melika, ube ngumsebenzi ukuba singakwazi ngamagciwane, xa kuthelekiswa nabahlali Rio, ezibe singqongwe ngabo esemncinane.

Noko ke, kukho izifo intsholongwane esiyingozi ngokwenene, ezifana ikholera, segazi, yicesina kunye hepatitis A, akukho njalo. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba akukho mngcipheko. Nakuba kunjalo, isiphumo mhlawumbi lokufumana emzimbeni wakho ube ndandirhabula ezimbalwa yamanzi uya kuba esiswini enkulu akhathazeke okanye nangecesina, kude xesha evela kurhulumente efanelekileyo, ukuba unethemba ukwaphula irekhodi ehlabathini.