Inwebu - isiqinisekiso amanzi acocekileyo

Abantu abaninzi banomdla igama engaqhelekanga enjalo isenzeko "inwebu". Ifumana kwigama lesiGrike uxinzelelo okanye ukutyhala. Oku kubhekisa kwinkqubo yezizwe transfer abaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi, ngokusebenzisa inwebu - inwebu semipermeable yohlule izisombululo ezimbini kokuba ingqalelo enkulu. Oku umzekelo kuba saline kunye namanzi acocekileyo.

ubuchwepheshe

Xa inwebu, elibaleka amanzi kuphela into kanzulu xaxa ukuba iibhloko umendo element onyibilikisiweyo, ngoko ngaxa ethile, ulungelelwano kwenzeka. Ingcinezelo, elungelelaniswe ngapha nangapha njengomqobo, ebizwa osmotic. Le meko kusetyenziswa ukususela ngeminyaka yenkulungwane lokugqibela ukulungiselela unyango kwamanzi, ingakumbi ukuveliswa lokusela ukusuka elwandle.

Okwangoku, inwebu mhlawumbi ubugcisa eziphambili kakhulu. Oku kusekelwe ukusetyenziswa kwegama elifanayo xa ndizayo. Kukholelwa ukuba uyakwazi ukuba bazihlambulule amanzi naziphi ubumdaka zendalo ezifumanekayo.

Imbali ingenzeka

inwebu, njengoko inkqubo yokwahlula components isisombululo enye kwenye, unembali ngokwanelisayo elide. AmaGrike amandulo, ingakumbi uAristotle waphawula ukuba ngexesha indlela olwandle iindonga impahla elinewax desalted.

Study kweenkqubo inwebu ngokweenkcukacha yaqala kuphela kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni elinesibhozo, xa Reaumur ngeenjongo lwezenzululwazi zasetyenziswa inwebu zendalo semipermeable. Noko ke, de eko lwekhulu yokugqibela, ezi nkqubo musa ngaphaya iimvavanyo kwelebhu.

Ngowe-1927, i-German niqinile "Sartorius" iisampuli nemiqobo semi-akubonakali zaye kuqala ifunyenwe. Uphuhliso Technology yaba umfutho koko lisetyenziswa izihluzi inwebu kwi mveliso kunye nekhaya.

Emva kwemfazwe, amaMelika, amaJamani, esekelwe kuphuhliso, waqala ukuvelisa inwebu cellulosic. Kwaba kuphela gqira emva kwexesha, xa waqalisa ekusasazeni ukuveliswa kwezinto zokwenziwa, waqala ukuqhuba uphando kuqala kunye nophuhliso, nto leyo eyaba isiseko mveliso izicelo kucocwa.

Ngoku jikelele kusekwa iinkqubo ezinjalo zibonelelwa ngokuvumela amanzi okusela olukumgangatho ubuninzi lokuhlanjululwa. ukwakhiwa kwayo kufunyanwe imveliso kwenkqubo "inwebu" kugqalwa indalo. Ngokutsho iimpawu zawo, oko kufutshane umkhenkce amandulo kunyibilike amanzi.

isicelo

Izihluzi amanzi - reverse kucocwa - idityaniswe-mbane emanzini, ukusuka apho oza yenzelwe yokucoca amanzi, xa wayephuma ubumdaka zikhethwa kumjelo ogutyulayo. Le nkqubo iquka pretreatment umsebenzi kunye nokwandisa nge ndizayo. Emva koko, ukuhamba, ukufumana kuqala kwi drive, nto leyo eza amanzi nyulu, sele ukucoca yokugqibela, uze emva koko - in itephu.

Reverse kucocwa ulwelo ngoku ndlela ingabizi kakhulu, ubhetyebhetye kwaye zithembeke. It ikuvumela ukuba ukunciphisa yoxinaniso ohlukileyo lichithakale lichithakale kwaye colloidal phantse ikhulu ekhulwini, ukuphelisa ulwelo kwamagciwane kunye ezincane.

Eyona ibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo yonke i pre-unyango. Kule nkqubo i inwebu (inwebu) - i element interchangeable eqolo. Ixesha ukusebenza kwawo luxhomekeke, okokuqala, ngomhla umgangatho wamanzi ozayo. Kweli nqanaba isebenzisa izihluzi ezintathu series, ogama msebenzi kulungiselelwe ulwelo ucanda ndizayo.