Imbali yoLutsha lweNtsha entsha eRashiya. Imbali yoLutsha lokuNyaka entsha

Unyaka omtsha liholide elide lilinde ixesha elide, unomdla, unyaka emva konyaka, siyakusondeza ngezipho, uvakalelo oluhle kunye nethemba elitsha. Bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana bathanda le nto, bazaliswe ngamanqaku okukhanya omlingo kunye nesiganeko sefestile kwaye baqale ukulungiselela ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba liqalise.

Kwiesityuli zeevenkile zikhona iimpawu zonyaka omtsha ezikhanyayo, ii-tinsel zesilivere kunye neenqwelomoya. Kwaye kwindlu yonke nakumaziko amaninzi bayakhawuleza ukufaka umthi weKrismesi.

Zonke iimpawu zeeholide ziye zaqhelana nathi. Kwaye bambalwa abantu bacinga malunga nembali yeemidlalo zamatsha omtsha kunye nokuba kutheni kwakukho isithethe ukufaka nokuhlobisa umthi wemikhosi.

Ukususela kwimvelaphi: isiko ukuhlobisa umthi weKrisimesi

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga nesizathu sokuba umthi onesiqhelo ube ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu weeholide eyintandokazi yasebusika.

Umkhwa wamhlanje wokuhlobisa umthi onyaka omtsha ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zidibanisa ngqo nezithethe zonqulo.

Nangona kunjalo, imbali yento yokudlala yonyaka omtsha kunye nomhlobiso wesihlahla esisihlahleni sinomlando omude, ovela kwixesha elide ngaphambi kokuvela kobuKristu. Le nkcubeko yavela kwingingqi yeYurophu yanamhlanje.

Izizwe zobuhedeni zamaJamani zikholelwa ngokukholelwa ekukholeni kwemimoya emibi. Amandla athile ala maziko afumana ubusika obusika obusika. Kwaye ukuze bancwine imimoya, amaJamani aye ehlathini ukuyohlobisa imithi yemifire apho ibutho elibi elibhekisela kuyo. Iintlobo kunye neesekese ezahlukahlukeneyo apho umthi uphitshiweyo, waza waba ngumboniso wemihlobiso yeKhisimusi yanamhlanje. Leli ibali lokuzalwa kweTeyi yokuNyaka entsha.

Emva koko, isithethe sidluliselwa kwinkolo yobuKristu, kodwa yayinomxholo ohluke ngokupheleleyo.

Inkolelo yomthi omtsha woMnyaka eRashiya

Imbali yeNtshontsho Yonyaka Omtsha eRashiya yaqala ngo-1700, xa uMongameli Omkhulu novulindlela uPeter Omkhulu bezisa isiko eYurophu ukuhlobisa umthi weKrismesi. Kwindlu nganye okanye idide ngexesha lebusika kufuneka kube ngoku umthi we-coniferous.

"Kwizitrato ezinkulu, kwiindlu ezenza ngamabomu, ngaphambi kokuba isango libeke iingubo ezincinci zamasebe kunye namagatsha epini, ipruce kunye nomjunipha," sifunda umyalelo osayinwe ngesandla somlawuli wokuqala waseRussia.

Kancinci isithethe sithatyathwe, kwaye imbali yeToyse yonyaka yokudlala yaseRussia isele iqhubekile.

Yayiyiphi indawo yokudlala iiglasi?

Ukuba sithetha ngeentsuku zeKrisimesi zanamhlanje, imbali yembonakalo yazo iqala eJamani.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kwee-1800s, iisuthi, izithelo, iipekese kunye nekiki zisetyenziswe njengemihlobiso. Imbali yamathoyizi eKrisimesi yayisisebuncinaneni.

Ukwenza iiglasi ze-Krismesi-imithi yezandla zaqala kwidolophu encinane yaseJamani yaseLauscha. Lapha kwakukho isityalo esidala ngeglasi, apho kukho iziglasi, iiglasi, iigesi, iintambo kunye nezinye izinto zendlu.

Ngomnyaka we-1848, ibhola yokuqala yeglasi yenziwe - iprototype yomdlalo we-Christmas tree. Kwaye emva koko, ngo-1867, isityalo segesi samanje savuleka eLausch. Ngokuncediswa kwegesi, iifrasi zeglasi zingavuthela ibhola kunye neendonga ezinqabileyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ibali lokudalwa kweNtshukumo Yonyaka omtsha eyenziwe ngeglasi - isithandwa somthi weKrismesi esithandwa kakhulu - saqala.

Kwintsimi yelizwe lethu, imihlobiso yeeholide yaqala ukuveliswa kwizinga lemveliso kuphela ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. I-Klin factory "Yelochka" ikhulule iibhola zokuqala, ezakufumaneka emva kwendlu yonke.

I-toy-pre-revolutionary toy

Iifashthi zeKrisimesi zemihlobiso yaseRashiya zavela ngekhulu le-19 phantsi kweCompress Alexandra Feodorovna. Kulo negama lakhe ukuba imbali yokuzalwa kweTshayiphu Yonyaka omtsha ezweni lethu ixhunyiwe. Okokuqala wayegqoke umthi weKrisimesi kunye nemihlobiso eqaqambileyo eyenziwe ngokukodwa kule njongo, njengoko kwenziwa eYurophu.

Amathoyizi e-Glass ayatholakala ngexesha elo kuphela kubahlali abacebileyo. Abantu abaqhelekileyo bahlobisa umthi ngeendlela ezilungelelanisiweyo - amanothi, amanqaku ezenziwe ngesandla ezenziwe ngokhuni.

KwiRashiya yangaphambi kokuguqulwa, kwakukho neentshukumo zonyaka omtsha ezenziwe ngephepha elinzima-elibizwa ngokuba yi-Dresden cardboard. Zayimveliso emithathu-ntathu, ihlanganiswe ndawonye ukusuka kumacandelo amabini ekhadibhodi.

Ukuhlobisa, iifayili ezenziwe ngoboya bekotoni nazo zisetyenzisiweyo: izifanekiselo zeengelosi, abantwana, abahamba ngeenqwelo-zintsimbi ngaphakathi.

Iibhola kunye neebhola ze-porcelain zangeniswa ngelo xesha kwiRashiya ikakhulukazi eJamani. Ayefani namhlanje - ayenziwe ngeglasi engqinileyo kwaye enzima kakhulu imihlobiso eqhelekileyo kuthi.

Umdlalo wesiKrisimesi wesiKrisimesi

Kwizindlu ezininzi kwiibhokisi kunye nemihlobiso yeKrisimesi ungayifumana imveliso ye-Soviet. Iintlobo ezidume kakhulu zale xesha zaziyimifanekiso emibalabala, iiplastiki kunye neglasi nemifuno kunye neziqhamo, iinkozo zengqolowa njenge-relic yexesha leKrushchev.

Imbali yoLutsha lokuNyaka omtsha kwixesha lamaSoviet lisondelelene neengcamango zaloo xesha. Imihlobiso yeli xesha kunye nama-portraits of leaders of orientation orientation axabiswa kumthengisi we-antique ngaphantsi kweebhola, ubuneminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.

Emva kwenguqulelo, kwaye ixesha elide ukuhlobisa umthi weKrismesi wawuvinjelwe. Kwakujongwa njengento yokuthobela izithethe zaseNtshona, ukukholelwa enkolweni kwaye yayingavunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo.

Ukuveliswa kweetayimesi zomthi weKrismesi kwinqanaba lezentengiselwano kwaqala emva kowe-1935, xa umthi omtsha weMinyaka wawubuyela ngokusemthethweni kumakhaya wabemi baseSoviet njengempahla yokubhiyozela ngumyalelo we-Presidium.

Akukho nto eyayingayenza loo mkhosi, imimoya yemilingo, njengomthi weKrisimesi, ohlotshiswe ngamathoyizi ahlukeneyo. Ukubhiyozelwa koNyaka omtsha weSoviet kwenzeka ngowe-1937 kwiNdlu yeZiNyunyana.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ngeli xesha njengezinto zokugqoka ezisetyenzisiweyo ezenziwe ngamaphepha, amakhadibhodi, i-papier-mache.

Nangona kunjalo, sele sele sele ngasekupheleni kwee-1930 nakwiminyaka yokuqala yee-1940, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yezoshishino kwaqala ukuphuhliswa kwaye kwimiba enzima yeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ayizange iphele. Senza amathoyizi omnyaka omtsha avela kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ezahlukeneyo: i-wire, bandage zezokwelapha, uboya bekoton.

Ngokuza kwamandla eKhrushchev ngexesha lokuqhaqhazela kwiimboleko zeKrisimesi, iindaba eziphambili ze-propaganda zaba. Kodwa ngoku iifayili zezifundo zezolimo nezindlu ziqala ukuveliswa. Ngemithi emitsha Yonyaka omtsha ungabona iinqatyambo, ukhukhamba, i-corn cobs, i-samovars kunye neebhola. Ngeli xesha laqala ukukwenziwa, yaba yinto ethandwa ngumthi womthi - icicles.

Imbali yento yokudlala yokuNyaka omtsha kubantwana baseSoviet yaphuhliswa kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, imihlobiso eninzi yakhishwa ngeendlela zamaqhawe ezintlanzi: Amahashe ahlambulukileyo, iinqayi ezibomvu, izilwanyana ezincinci ezingabonakaliyo kunye ne-tiershkas zihlobisa umthi wonyaka omtsha malunga nendlu yonke yaseSoviet.

Umdlalo weKrismesi we-post-Soviet

Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, imbali yento yokudlala yonyaka omtsha yafumana ujikelezo olutsha lophuhliso lwayo. Iimpahla ezithengiweyo zaqala ukususa imikhiqizo yasekhaya evela kwiimarike. Ngoku kaninzi kwimithi yeKrisimesi ubona ibhola kunye namaqhekeza angaphandle.

Amathoyizi e-Glass aqala ukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu. Ziye zatshintshwa ngeemveliso ezingenasisiseko ezingabizi ezenziwe ngeplastiki kunye ne-acrylic.

Ngama-1990, iithayibhile zemihla yokuveliswa kwemveliso yaba yincinci. Kwakukho imodeli yeenkwenkwezi, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwiivenkile kwakunokwenzeka ukudibana nemihlobiso yeebhile-imifanekiso yezilwanyana, iimpawu zonyaka ozayo.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-2000, iifashthi ze-minimalism ziza, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiimidlalo zeKrisimesi, ukuthambekela kwe-European ascetic kubonakala.

Namhlanje, ngaleyo ndlela, akukho festile yeNew Year's accessories. Xa ukuhlobisa umthi weKrismesi kumaxesha amaninzi kukhokelwa ngokubanzi ngama-stylistics ephakathi, kunye nokukhethwa kwazo.

Inyaniso enomdla malunga neentshukumo zonyaka omtsha

• Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, kwakunqatshelwe ukuseka umthi wonyaka omtsha: isiko sasinxulumene nenkcubeko yaseJamani; Ngoko ke, ukuqwalasela imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi lonke, isiko lokumisela umthi weKrisimasi ngexesha lilahlekelwe lifanelekileyo.
• Kuyinto enomdla ukuba ngokuza kukaRhulumente waseSoviet, ngexesha lokuvuselela jikelele eRashiya kwakungathandeki ukuseka umthi onyaka omtsha ekhaya kwaye ugqoke ngeemathoyizi; Esi sibonakaliso sasibizwa ngokuthi "intsalela yenkolo", engayifanelekanga kwingcamango jikelele yokwakha inkqubo yamaKomanisi ekhululekile kwiimfundiso zobuKristu kweli lizwe.
• Imbali yokuzalwa komdlalo wokuNyaka omtsha kubantwana ihlala idibaniswa nabalinganiswa beengoma: amaqhawe emisebenzi yabantwana bakaPushkin yayenziwe kwimifanekiso yeemidlalo zonyaka omtsha ekuqaleni kwexesha le-19 leminyaka.

Okukhethwa kukho okudumile kumthi omtsha weminyaka

Enye yezona zikhetho ezikhethwa kakhulu zokuhlobisa imithi yeKrisimesi kukuhlobisa kwezinto zokudlala ezidibanisa imibala emibini: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesilivere, obomvu negolide, emhlophe kunye neyibhakabhaka. Ngeendlela ezinjalo, iibhola ezinemibala enye. Ungasebenzisa amathoyizi ngendlela yemigodi okanye ikhandlela.

Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho olulodwa lombala luya kwinqanaba, lithatyathwa yimihlobiso eluhlaza. Ifashoni ifaka i-eclectic, idibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nemifanekiso.

Imvula kunye ne-tinsel, eyaziwayo kwixesha lamaSoviet ne-post-Soviet, namhlanje lilahlekelwe yimpumelelo yalo. Inketho eqhelekileyo ihlobisa umthi ngeentlobo kunye neebhola kwisita esinye.

Enye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zanamhlanje ziyiNew Year Toys ezenziwe ngokwazo. Kwiimpawu zanamhlanje - umhlobiso wesihlahla sonyaka omtsha kunye neesekese ezahlukeneyo: ii-cookies kwi-glaze ekhanyayo, i-gingerbread.

Amafayili amanqaku afudumeleyo kwaye athambileyo kwisisombululo sangaphakathi esilungiselelo siya kuqonda iifayili ezenziwe zivakalelwa.

Ziziphi ii-teyutsha zonyaka ezithethayo?

Iimathoyizi zanamhlanje zihluke kakhulu kwaye zivame ukuba zithwele umthwalo we-semantic. Ukhetho olukhulu lwemilo nemibala luyolisa iliso kwaye lwenza kube lula ukuqulunqa umxholo oqaqambileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni iitokethi nganye zithwele umfanekiso, enye indlela okanye enye inxulumene nobuKristu.

Amathoyizi omnyaka omtsha afanekisela:

• Amakhandlela - ukukhanya ngokomoya, umbingelelo kaKristu;
• Amabhola - i-apula ka-Adam;
• Imifuno kunye neziqhamo - ukuzala kwonyaka ozayo;
• Umgcini weBell, okhusela kwimikhosi emnyama kunye neentlungu;
• I-gingerbread ebonakalayo kunye nekiki-isonka esingenagwele, esisetyenziswe kwisigramente;
• Inkwenkwezi phezulu komthi yiyona nkwenkwezi yeBhetelehem, eyabonisa ukuba umlindi indlela eya kuYesu osemtsha.

Iikopi eziqokelelweyo

Namhlanje, imihlobiso yeKrisimesi ayikho iifowuni ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa umthi omtsha wonyaka. Amanye amathoyizi ayodwa kwaye ayenziwe kwikhophi enye.

Le mihlobiso ibiza imali eninzi kwaye iyinto yokukhwelela kunye nenkanuko kubaqokeleli abaninzi.

Amathoyizi eglasi evulekileyo, atywe ngesandla, ayicingwa njengexabiso. Zibukeka zicoceke kakhulu kwaye zintle kwaye azilungele nje ukuhlobisa umthi omtsha weNyaka, kodwa kunye nokuzihobisa kwangaphakathi kwemikhosi.

Uninzi oluthe gqithwayo luyinto yokubonisa ukuhlobisa imithi yeKrisimesi njengesipho soNyaka omtsha. Amathoyizi enjalo aya kuhobisa nawuphi na umthi aze abe ngumntu ongenakunqandwa ngumnini wabo.