Genrih Senkevich: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Kumanqaku 2016 engama-170 ukususela ekuzalweni kunye neminyaka kanye 100 emva kokufa umbhali Polish omkhulu ogama UHenrik (Henry) Senkevich. Xa kwixesha nengcinezelo ulwimi Polish kunye nenkcubeko kunye ngoncedo Iinoveli unomdla elidlulileyo imbali Poland elizwe nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona kubafundi ehlabathini jikelele. Ngaphezu koko, yena wabhala enye iinoveli intle amaKristu Roman Empire, 'eqhubekayo Vadis? ", Xa athe wawongwa Prize Nobel.

A owayeyinzala nangezinto Belorussians - Umbhali Polish uHenryk (Henry) Senkevich

Ihlabathi-edumileyo Umbhali Polish Ngelo iingcambu Polish. Iminyanya uyise baba AmaTatar esafudukela Poland zaguqulwa kubuKatolika. Kwi yakhe sikanina ecaleni kwakhe emithanjeni owehla igazi zombhali ka-Belarusian yezikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha wokuzalwa intsapho yakhe uHenryk uthi imvelaphi yakhe maxa wambi kuphela, ecinga yena nekhulu ekhulwini Polish.

ebuntwaneni zombhali

Kuyo Nobel Prize ngoMeyi 1846 xa i-Podlasie. Ngaphandle kokuba usapho amahlanu abantwana. Nalapho ke Senkevich waqalisa iingxaki zemali. Ukuzama ukulungisa kubo, ukuba asoloko efuduswa kwilifa kwilifa. Ngoko, ebuntwaneni bakhe wachitha phakathi UHenrik babeziindleko abaselula entle ezisemaphandleni indalo. Ekugqibeleni, xa sele wathengisa yonke impahla, le nto iindwalutho abahlwempuzekileyo ukwenza kodwa ukufudukela Warsaw.

Adolescence kunye isiqalo ngendlela yokudala

Emva wonakele usapho iindwalutho, abadala-UHenrik Adam Alexander uPius Sienkiewicz kwafuneka ukuba sithembele kuphela amandla abo. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zemali, i-Genrih Senkevich oselula bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni. Waphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo kunye ukunyanzelisa yabazali ababhaliswe kwicandelo yezonyango i-University of Warsaw. Noko ke, lo msebenzi lwezonyango akanamdla umfana ndiyazingca nge emini, ngoko ke idluliselwe kwicandelo kwimbali-philological.

Lilinge lokuqala ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe yenziwa yi uHenry kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi. Wabiza i "izibulo" Umbhali "Victim", kodwa lo msebenzi ingxaki alipapashwanga kwaye iye yagcinwa.

Njengoko izihlobo ngenkankulu wanceda nombhali Genrih Senkevich baqalisa ukukhangela iindlela imali. Kungekudala, phantsi elabo Litvos kumaphephandaba ezininzi of Warsaw baqalisa ukuvela izincoko, amanqaku kunye nezincoko Sienkiewicz oselula. Yakhe italente mnandi nangendlela yokubhala ngokukhawuleza iyaziswa. Kwaye ngaphandle kokugqiba izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Genrik Senkevich wazinikela ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi journalistic.

Umsebenzi wokuqala epapashwe umbhali waba ethi "I Isiqalo" (1872). Emva bt ngempumelelo, waqala ukubhala ngamandla nokupapasha imisebenzi yabo.

Ngowe-1876 uHenry wathunyelwa kwi uhambo ishishini kwi-US. On gca evela kuhambo Genrik Senkevich wabhala inani zezincoko kunye namabalana amafutshane. Eyona ethandwayo -. "Xa lizwe segolide", "Comedy iimpazamo" kunye "Ngenxa emathafeni"

Emva kokuba umbhali US elide waya eYurophu, nto leyo kuzo kwathiwa ibali elifutshane "Janko imvumi."

Ukuba kakhulu idumileyo uhlobo yintsomi elifutshane, Genrih Senkevich wagqiba ekubeni azame ukuthabatha ngemisebenzi wanda.

trilogy Historical Romanov Genrika Senkevicha malunga adventures Mr uMikali Volodyevskogo

Xa yee- zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, Poland yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Noko ke, izibonda waphupha ukufumana inkululeko neziphithiphithi namaxesha. Emva kokuba kwezithandani lomnye kula manyathelo ngqwabalala ziye zaziswa ePoland kwizikolo akuvumelekile ukuba ukufundisa in Polish, kodwa endaweni yoko kwafuneka ukuba ukusebenzisa ulwimi Russian. Ukongeza, kwaba njengefashoni kwiincwadi Polish ngexesha ukubhala malunga nemicimbi yangoku. Ngoko ke ngesandla bathelela kuyingozi kakhulu ukubhala kwinoveli yembali, Genrih Senkevich.

"Umlilo and Ikrele" - oku ke inoveli yokuqala zombhali. waphuma ngo-1884 kwi "Mhlobo of the People" phephancwadi. Impumelelo lalingafani. Kubafundi wawuthanda ukuba kungekudala kwinoveli yapapashwa fomu ncwadi.

Xa umsebenzi ochazwe kwimvukelo le Cossacks Ukrainian ikhokelwa yi Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Kulo mzekelo, abona bantu aba iindwalutho Polish Yang Skshetusky uMikali Volodyevsky Yan kunye Zagloba Longin Podbipyatka. Afakiwe kwinoveli kunye abaninzi real amanani zembali: Khmelnitsky, uYeremiya Vishnevetskii, Ivan Bohun kunye Tugay Bey.

Nangona inkcazo amadabi yezembali kunye adventures iindwalutho, embindini kwinoveli yajika unxantathu uthando phakathi Bohun, Skshetuskim, ezintle Princess Elena Kurtsevich.

Emva kokuba ozukileyo kwimpumelelo ethi "Umlilo kunye Ikrele" Genrik Senkevich Nathwala elama. Xa inoveli "The Flood" uchazwa yi zezibonda ngexesha lemfazwe nxamnye balwa. Saba kwimveliso esitsha yaye abafundi abalinganiswa ozithandayo ukusuka kwincwadi yokuqala - uMikali Volodyevsky kunye neqabane lakhe laphakade Pan Zagloba. Ngoku, ke, lo engundoqo geroemi babe sezigodlo Kmitsits noAndreya nomthandi yakhe Olga panna Billevich. Xa ebhala le inoveli Genrih Senkevich kwazithathela ingqalelo izinto ezi- ezithile ezinxulumene kwimbono zabafundi inoveli yakhe yokuqala. Into yokuba wancedakala Skshetusky hayi kakhulu kubafundi.

Eyona ochasene iphambili yale ncwadi Ivan Bohun waba oonobumba ocacileyo yaye intanda kubafundi: yena waba nesibindi, isisa kunye nobushushu. Eqonda ukuba abantu abafana naba balinganiswa, Sienkiewicz wenza Kmitsitsa ezifana Bohun, ngokuthanda uhlanga welizwe lakhe. Kwaye ithemba. Abakuluhlu lwesibini Romana Senkevicha ligqithisile ukuthandwa lowo wokuqala.

Xa inoveli yakhe yesithathu, umbhali wagqiba ekubeni ekugqibeleni Volodyevskogo ophambili, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni yaye igama umsebenzi wakhe. Icacisa imfazwe Turks Rzeczpospolita, uthando nokobuqhawe kuko ukufa Mr nguMikali.

UHenrik (Genih) Sienkiewicz: "eqhubekayo Vadis» (? Qua vadis / «Uya phi na?")

Emva kokuba impumelelo trilogy yakhe Sienkiewicz babhala iinoveli eziliqela zembali, kodwa abazange babe ithandwa kangaka nje iincwadi zakhe kuqala. Ngoko ke wagqiba ukubhala inoveli malunga baseRoma uBukhosi, ngexesha uNero. Kulo mzekelo, ukusebenza engundoqo ngentsimbi ekhethekileyo amaKristu ukholo lwabo kwanaxa bejamelene nokufa. A inoveli entsha ebizwa Polish "Uya phi na?".

Genrih Senkevich based ibali lakhe ilivo wamandulo malunga nolo tyelelo ngayo umpostile uPetros eRoma. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela ukubaleka baphume intshutshiso, uMpostile wagqiba ukuba bemke kweso sixeko, kodwa wabona ehamba uKristu phakathi komzi, wamngenisa lavaka wakhe, wabuyela eRoma ukuba ukholo.

Ngaphandle isibindi abangamaKristu ukuba kukunyaba, nenkohlakalo kunye ineptitude uNero Sienkiewicz sele kubonisiwe inoveli yakhe, ibali uthando entle intombazana-AmaKristu Lygia isibindi patrician waseRoma Marcus Vinicius. Njengoko bekunjalo kwixa elidlulileyo imisebenzi yakhe, Genrih Senkevich wasebenzisa ifomula win-win: ezibomvu yinzwana hero abatsha kuyo le ncwadi batshintshwa ngcono kwaye arhoxise ilungelo lakhe lokufuna iimfeketho zokufeketha yakhe yothando.

Lo mbhali inoveli azukiswe kude ngaphaya kwilizwe waza kubalaseliswa Pope, kangangokuba ngo-1905 umbhali wawongwa Prize Nobel.

inoveli Historical "The Omnqamlezo"

"? Eqhubekayo Vadis" Emva uloyiso kwinoveli wabuyela isifundo yakhe ayithandayo - imbali Poland - Umbhali Genrih Senkevich. "Omnqamlezo" - yaba igama inoveli yakhe elandelayo. Kuyo, wachaza ixesha kwimbali ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, izibonda alwa germanization kunye namandla Order of leTeutonic Knights.

Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi umlo omkhulu nxamnye yalapha Umsebenzi umbhali wathetha ngalo uthando lo mfana knight Zbyzhka of Bogdanci kunye Danusi, intombi ka-Yuranda Spyhova.

Oku kuyaphawuleka ukuba kule kwinoveli umbhali ezotywe uncwadi uncharacteristic ixesha zomfanekiso obhinqileyo Yagenki Zgozhelits. Le ntombazana uzimele, ngqindilili kunye isigqibo - ayimangalisi into yokuba umlinganiswa ophambili wamthanda naye.

Le minyaka yokugqibela umbhali

I inoveli "I Omnqamlezo" yaba wokugqibela ngokwenene eziziingangamsha umsebenzi wombhali. Nangona kwiminyaka kamva wanikela inoveli "maelstrom" Genrik Senkevich, impumelelo enkulu eBook abafundi aba.

Kunye kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II Genrih Senkevich safudukela eSwitzerland. Kodwa apha akazange ahlale izandla waza wavula iKomiti soNcedo kwi nezibonda, ngubani na amaxhoba emfazwe. Apha eSwitzerland, ufuna ukubhala inoveli "NdinguMkhosi". Noko ke, yena wafa ngaphambi kokuba ukugqiba.

Wangcwatywa iqela elikhulu ngumbhali Vevey (Switzerland), kodwa kamva angcwatywa uthuthu umfi lakhe kwilizwe - e Warsaw.

Emva kokufa uHenryk (Geniha) Sienkiewicz wambeka ezikhumbuzo eziliqela kwengeniso ehlabathini lonke.

impilo Personal Sienkiewicz

Nangona umsebenzi olubanzi zoncwadi, Genrih Senkevich wafumana ixesha lokuba ubomi bakhe - yena watshata izihlandlo ezithathu.

Umfazi wokuqala wayengasebenzi Shetkevich. Wazala abantwana ababini, umbhali, kodwa kungekudala wabulawa sephepha. Engqondweni yakhe, umbhali walungelelanisa Relief Fund for Tuberculosis amanani zenkcubeko.

Intlungu evela kulahlekelwa nomfazi wesifuba sayo, naye waphila iminyaka emine nje kuphela, ndadlula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye UHenrik Adam Alexander watshata. ukhetho yakhe ukusuka Odessa Maria Volodkovich. Le manyano zange kube kudala, yena umfazi wafaka for umtshato.

ixesha lokugqibela umbhali yagqiba ukuba phantsi kwezitulo enoMariya babskih ngo-1904.

Screen ezithathelwe Genrika Senkevicha

A nefuthe elikhulu ihlabathi inkcubeko cinema ukuba Genrih Senkevich. Iincwadi ngalo umbhali ngokoqobo ukususela ekudalweni wopapasho kwaye abuze izikrini. Nokuba ngexesha ebomini eshukumayo yokuqala umbhali ngokusekelwe iincwadi zakhe ziye isusiwe. Noko ke, bathi cwaka abamnyama nabamhlophe iifilimu - ". Inkcazo amalahle" ezimbini film nolwamkelo "? Eqhubekayo Vadis", "The Flood" yaye Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ezine lwemizobo kuphela ePoland.

Zonke ngokusekelwe imisebenzi umbhali iyaqhutywa 23 iimovie. Amaninzi yathathwa Qua vadis? - izihlandlo zibe sixhenxe. Kwaye kuphela 2001 wenza izibonda, ngoxa abavela iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu lomsebenzi le movie esekelwe kwincwadi ethi, eyabhalwa Genrih Senkevich. "Eqhubekayo Vadis?" Ngaba le isiseko iifilimu US amabini omnye isiFrentshi.

Usathandwa kunye bhanya ukonwabela iincwadi ukusuka edumileyo trilogy kwimbali Sienkiewicz. Ngowe-1916 kuBukhosi Russian waba umboniso esekelwe inoveli "The Flood", yaye gqira - eItali, esekelwe kwincwadi ethi "Umlilo kunye Ikrele".

Noko ke, impumelelo enkulu kule nkalo wenze umlawuli Polish Ezhi Gofman, ngubani kulawulwa iminyaka engamashumi kwemiboniso yonke trilogy. An into umdla kukuba iifilimu bakhe, umlawuli wafuna ukuchana ngokwembali kuzo zonke izinto, ukuze amaqhosha nkqu amaqhawe bahambelana ukuya kwixesha lokuba eboniswe movie.

Namhlanje, njengoko neminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, abantu abaninzi iziqu kunye nombhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle Polish uHenryk (Henry) Senkevich. Ngobomi yalo mntu iyamangalisa ngokwenene yaye ufanele ukuba akhuphisane licebo imisebenzi yakhe. Njengamaqhawe bakhe, ubomi Senkevich yonke ezama ukuba umntu ophucukileyo kwaye nokunceda abanye abafuna ngayo. Ngethemba, abaninzi iinkokeli namhlanje ihlabathi nenkcubeko uya umzekelo wakhe.