Fomati kakhulu image okuqhelekileyo iintlobo yeefomati

Umntu ngamnye kuthi, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, bejamelene ngemifanekiso. Makhe sijonge lo mbuzo ukuqonda lo gama thile ngokubanzi. Emva zonke iifomati umfanekiso aziquki kuphela yemizobo (imifanekiso, iifoto, oopopayi, iikhathuni, njl), kodwa ividiyo. Ngokwahlukeneyo kuhlala phezu kwimiba yengxoxo ifayile, kwakunye kugcino uhlobo oluthile ulwazi.

Zeziphi iifomati umfanekiso?

Olu lwazi zigcinwe kwifayile, nto leyo yenzelwe nokuthelekelela data (ukubonisa phezu isixhobo sokudlala efana monitor, TV, yomshicileli, iifowuni, njalo njalo).

Njengokuba ulwazi ezininzi kwifayile, ngokuba ubukhulu becala lichaza indlela umfanekiso, indlela yokudala isiqwenga umfanekiso emile okanye onamandla, ubukhulu balo (ukuba mazingabhidaniswa ubungakanani fayile), inani kunye nobunzulu imibala kunye ezikhanyayo, njalo-njalo.

Ingcamango kumda wesangqa kunye yeraster yemizobo

Okokuqala, cinga ngoko neefomathi umfanekiso zisetyenziswa kuphela ekuqondeni eqhelekileyo yemizobo. Kufuneka ube umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kumda wesangqa kunye bitmap mifanekiso. Ezi ntlobo ababini base.

yemizobo Vector ivumela nokuthelekelela le into ngokusekelwe inkcazo yemathematika yeseti izinto aggregate enza umfanekiso, ezo zibizwa ngokuba primitives. Ezi izinto abaziqhelileyo bonke nangoku esikolweni. Le ngongoma, imigca, ezigoso, izangqa, iipolygons, njl

Abaxhamla kule nkqubo uyakwazi ukuchaza kwi imodeli yemathematika ye inani lokungavinjwa elikhulu lweziqalelo ngamnye ngaphandle ukwandisa ngokubaluleka ubungakanani lwefayile lokugqibela. Ukongeza, kukho scalability ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuba likuvumela ukuba utshintshe ubungakanani element ngamnye okanye iseti epheleleyo ngamnye ngaphandle ilahleko umgangatho mfanekiso. algorithm esichazayo enjalo afanelekileyo ikakhulu lwemizobo owadala ngesandla, umzekelo, kwezinye kumhleli mifanekiso. Iifoto yale ndlela ingafakwa.

yemizobo Raster kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa grid okhethekileyo eziquka izinto uxande (pixels) of imibala eyahlukeneyo, ebizwa pixels. Apha, umgangatho umfanekiso umiselwa ubungakanani enemingxuma (ipixels ngaphezulu ubude nobubanzi, okanye intsebenzo yazo zizonke, lo ngcono umfanekiso), inani imibala kunye nobunzulu labo, efaka mibala eveliswa sisixhobo (isithuba umbala) kunye nesigqibo (inani pixels nganye unit indawo). Ngoko ke, le ndlela ingaphatha izinto nawuphi ukuntsokotha ucele zinakho efanayo agudileyo ukusuka kwenye umbala ukuya kwenye, ukuba akakho kwi grafu kumda wesangqa. Kodwa umfanekiso elula baqhele ukuba babe ubungakanani ifayile enkulu kakhulu kwaye amathuba yokutshintshwa kwamanqaku ngqo lincitshiswe ukya ekupheleni nya.

Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi anemifanekiso

Ngoku jonga wena iifomati zefayile kwemifanekiso ezisetyenziswa ikhompyutha kaninzi.

BMP - elilula lobeko, ngokusekelwe kwi RGB umbala scheme (ebomvu, eluhlaza, bhlowu) nokuba ucinezelo algorithm ngokwanelisayo buthathaka ngaphandle ilahleko ezikumgangatho. Iinzuzo yena hayi, nditsho iifayile makhulu kakhulu.

JPG (JPEG) - ifomathi ixhaphakileyo lisetyenziswe ngokufuthi nangemifanekiso ukugcina. Ucinezelo kubalulekile, kodwa ilahleko umgangatho mkhulu kakhulu. Emva yindibanisela eyomeleleyo ukubuyisela idatha yoqobo ayikwazi, kodwa ukuba ukunciphisa oko, umahluko ngenkankulu buqapheleke, kodwa ubukhulu ifayile iya kuba ncinane kakhulu.

PNG - enye iifomati kakhulu umdla, nabanako zixinaniswe ngaphandle nayiphi ilahleko yomgangatho. Animation akuthethi ukuxhasa le fomati (kuyafana nje ezimbini ezidlulileyo), kodwa xa usebenzisa ekuthiwa-alpha channel pixel nganye, ungakhankanya inqanaba elubala, nto leyo eyenza kube kancinane efanayo uhlobo ilandelayo yemizobo.

GIF - format exhasa oopopayi kanye ubuchule enamandla ucinezelo ngaphandle kokuthotywa esemgangathweni. main inzuzo yayo kukuba uyakwazi ukwenza uthotho imifanekiso phindo wovandlakanyo okanye ukutshintsha omnye komnye. Nangona ezibuthathaka ubunzulu umbala, esisetyenziselwa "live" iphepha lodongo, Oo-smiley nezichwayitisayo kunye nabadlali.

TIFF - ngesakhiwo amaninzi isetyenziswa abathungi web abaqeqeshiweyo ngenxa yokuba iye yombala kubunzulu eliphezulu (192 amasuntswana). Ucinezelo lwenziwa ngaphandle ilahleko, kodwa ukusebenza kule fomati ngaphandle uqeqesho olulodwa kunzima kakhulu. Iibrawuza imifanekiso olu hlobo ngokubonakalayo musa inkxaso.

ICO - codec indalo icon kuba ivumela ukusetyenziswa zobukhulu imizobo ezincinane kakhulu. Xa malunga nesakhiwo, kuba into embhoxo BMP, Noko ke, zixhaswa yi GIF and PNG uhlobo iinketho elubala.

EPS - ifomathi iintlobo ezimbini: kumda wesangqa kunye eyi-mifanekiso. Busetyenziswa kakhulu ukushicilelwa okanye indalo semigca ukuba ibandakanya ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo umfanekiso kwemveliso ye PostScript.

PICT - Macintosh yifomati ixhaphakileyo. yokusebenza kwalo usendleleni yokuba umfanekiso lwefayile eyodwa anokuqulatha kumda wesangqa kunye bitmap yemizobo, isandi, unayo nayiphi ubunzulu umbala, kwaye usebenzisa indlela okuqhubekayo RLE-ucinezelo.

PCX - format ukugcina imifanekiso eyi kunye nobunzulu umbala ziikhowudi 24. Ucinezelo ikhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa asihambelani kakuhle inguqu yemizobo oluneenkcukacha, ezifana neefoto.

RAW - format jikelele esetyenziselwa imifanekiso esiza ngqo iikhamera digital. Ngaye sinokuthi oku yeyona ilungileyo picture format. Inokuba kuba izinto ekrwada ekusetyenzweni imifanekiso nje kuphela kodwa isandi. Ukongezelela, ukuxhasa meta-data inika kunethuba elikhulu isicelo processing kanye ubuchule ucinezelo lossless okanye lossy naliphi na inqanaba. Format kakhulu ezithile kwaye ifuna ulwazi oluthile xa esebenza naye.

Iifomati ze ezizodwa umhleli lwefayile graphics

Ngaphandle iintlobo esemgangathweni zingahlukaniswa ngokwahlukileyo fomati graphics ezisetyenziswa abahleli ezikhethekileyo.

PDF - ngesakhiwo ungaqulatha umbhalo kunye nomfanekiso data. corporation Yakhelwe Adobe. Le fomati kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchule ezahlukeneyo ucinezelo for isiqalelo ngasinye eziqulathwe kwifayili target. Namhlanje, loo nto jikelele isikakhulu amaxwebhu zobugcisa nge-elektroniki.

Ltd - format yomzobo umhleli graphic Corel Draw. Nenkqubo kunokwenzeka kuphela kule phakheji software. Ezinye abahleli ukuba ingasekelwa, kodwa ngokulula zithunyelwe kwezinye yeefomati.

AI - ifomathi inkqubo Adobe Illustrator, zixhaswa abaninzi nabanye abahleli. The main phawu - uzinzo image eliphezulu kanye ukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo ngobugcisa ye PostScript. Ingasetyenziswa njenge kwifomati eliphakathi ukuba ukudluliselwa ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye.

PSD - format yomfanekiso iphakheji best software Adobe Photoshop ukuhlela imifanekiso ezintsonkothileyo intermediate. Ivumela layers ukusetyenziswa iindlela okuxuba, kodwa isigqibo eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye yeefomati. Njengoko ifomati yokugqibela ukugcina iifayile isetyenziswa kuphela kule program.

format enkudlwana

Ukuba sithethe malunga processing of imifanekiso ekwifomathi enkulu, apho ufuna ukuthatha ingqalelo iinkcukacha ophezulu, kufuneka usebenzise RAW, TIFF okanye PSD.

Noko ke, abaninzi iikhamera photo neevidiyo yobungcali, ukuba lens 20-25 M, babe nemilinganiselo yabo. Abaninzi babo malilungiselelwe yeyona ixhaphakileyo yeefomati iintlobo. Yonke into ixhomekeke ngokwezicwangciso lwecamera ngokwayo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwizixhobo mobile.

Eyona eziphambili ze yevidiyo kwaye iimpiliso

Ngoku ngokufutshane kule vidiyo, kuba, kakhulu, unako othile ukuchazwa umfanekiso, okanye mandithi iseti yemifanekiso alternating (izakhelo). Apha, yeyona iphambili linani lezakhelo yesibini (fps) kunye nobungakanani umfanekiso ngamnye pixels.

Ekuqaleni, xa ekuqaleni yevidiyo yedijithali, kwaba ngendlela AVI ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo isetyenziswa, kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuba uhlobo kwisikhongozeli ulwazi zigqithiswe okanye zixinaniswe iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo (codecs). Ukudlala ufuna idikhowuda okhethekileyo.

Emva kwethutyana ke kukho fomati ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ezifana WMV, MP, MKV, mp4, VOB, TS, kunye nabanye abaninzi, akwazi kuqwalaselwa njengoko eliphezulu-resolution imifanekiso yeefomati TV, nto leyo evumela ukudlala iifayile kunye nemigangatho yobulunga HD, HD elipheleleyo (2k) okanye Ultra HD (4k).

Njengoko oopopayi, ngoku edume kakhulu ubugcisa Flash. Ekuqaleni, kwaba uphuhliso Macromedia, Inc. kodwa ke yathi yathengwa Adobe kunye kakhulu ziphuculwe. Ifomathi ezi fayile - Swf. Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa ekudaleni iimposiso ezincinane animations computer, iibhanile okanye imidlalo nabalulamileyo.

systems mobile

Ethetha lweenkqubo mobile (Smartphones kunye tablets ezisekelwe Android, iOS, Blackberry, njalo-njalo), iifomati umfanekiso ezizodwa kunqabile kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko, standard yeefomati umfanekiso kunye nemizobo computer, kunye nevidiyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho uluhlu codecs kunye STB kwezinye iintlobo iividiyo ayikwazi ukudlalwa. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki yokuguqulwa izinto ekrwada ibe uhlobo eyahlukileyo.

Umzekelo, neminxeba eqhelekileyo ukwamkela kuphela format 3GP. Android okanye iOS sincoma usebenzisa mp4. Kodwa xa iyonke uswele iinketho.

Ukutshintsha parameters ezisisiseko lwemifanekiso

Mhlawumbi bonke kufuneka bazi kakuhle ukuba ukuhlela kwenziwe iinkqubo ezizodwa.

imisebenzi engundoqo ubungakanani kwakhonaName, reflection, phendula, ROOTN, kunye nabanye engenziwa kumhleli Paint kakhulu nobu-, eziquka nayiphi "cacis» Windows.

Ukuba, ke, kufuna amanyathelo ezintsonkothileyo, umzekelo, ukutshintsha umbala, Ukwanda, ukuchasanisa, ukuhlela, umaleko, uchake umfanekiso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, njalo njalo, kufuneka usebenzise impahla afana ngasentla njengoko Corel Zoba okanye Adobe Photoshop.

ukuhlela yevidiyo eluncedo yayo, umzekelo, Pro Vegas. Ukongeza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo, zingenza isicelo iziphumo ezizodwa, kunye neenkqubo Ukulinganisa ezivumela zigqithiselwe imodeli pre-wakha yezibalo lomfanekiso ngokwenene uhlobo iyaqhutywa emfazweni Morpheus kunye Neo kwinxalenye yokuqala ka "I-Matrix."

format Conversion

Inguqu (conversion) senziwe ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ekuthiwa converters. Enye abameli ezigqamileyo - Xilisoft Video Converter, leyo ukuguqula kunye nemizobo, kunye nevidiyo.

Lwemizobo ungakhetha, umzekelo, ACDSee Ashampoo Photo Commander, Free Image Guqula kwaye wenze ubungakanani kwakhona okanye enye into. Namhlanje, iinkqubo inokufumaneka kakhulu kunene.

Inye kuphela kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo lo ifomati yokugqibela kunye nelahleko kangangoko esemgangathweni (umfanekiso format ucinezelo). Xa ujonga umfanekiso okanye ividiyo kwifowuni yakho okanye tablet, akuyi kuba lubonakale, kodwa lenjongo TV iya kubakho umahluko obonakalayo kakhulu.

Yintoni format ukhetha ukugcina data?

Photo kwi computer nga zingagcinwa kwi universal JPG-format. Xa uzibonisela kwi monitor a ecacileyo ekhethekileyo iyafuneka. Enye into, xa ufuna ukushicilela iifoto. Apha kungcono ukuba usebenzise iikhamera format yokuqala.

Xa ukuguqula format enye ukuya kwenye ukubuyisela i "ikhowudi yemvelaphi" wambi nje akunakwenzeka, ngoko ngokubonelela iifayile kwi istudiyo, inkangeleko yabo yokuqala kufuneka ingabi nakuguqulwa. Le Okungumahluko ukuba banalo ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwaye bavelisa ukulihlela usebenzisa software yobungcali.

Kukwanjalo uya yevidiyo. konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela Kuya kujongwa kuso nasiphi na isixhobo.

isiphelo

Iifomati zomfanekiso zininzi kwaye zahlukene, kunokuba imizobo, kunye nevidiyo. Eli nqaku ngokutsha iifomati athandwa kakhulu. Imibuzo processing kunye nenguqu, ukhetho software, ifomathi esetyenziswa ukugcina idata, njl, umsebenzisi ngamnye isigqibo ngokwayo.