Default ku Kazakhstan: Ibangela le meko

NgoFebruwari, Kazakhstan wajamelana ingxaki: ivalwe ofisi exchange ezininzi kwaye azisasebenzi iivenkile zezixhobo zokwakha, iikhompyutha zasendlini. inani yelizwe zebhanki kazwelonke 11 baziswa ngokomthetho ukuba ukwehla sele yenzekile Tenge. Lwemali Kazakhstan bawa kakhulu nxamnye dollar. Attack yeyona didi ethandwa nje impahla yabathengi, kodwa imarike imoto lizwe. Yena uye imisiwe imisebenzi yayo de imeko iye yazinza, kwaye asebenzise esi singqinisiso ukuba abathengisi kwicandelo elikhulu ezifana "Mercur Auto," "BIPEK Auto" kunye AllurAuto.

izenzo zikarhulumente

Government ngendlela loo meko kakhulu, wakhetha ukuba angenelele lowu ukuba akukho uza artificially ukugcina amaxabiso phantsi ngeendleko ubuncwane beli lizwe. Khona ngexesha ngeranti dollar (145-155 Tenge 1 dollar ngalinye) lenyuka nangoko ngamanqaku 30-40. Kamva, izinga lokukhula akamthintelanga kwaye sele ifikelele 200 Tenge dollar ngalinye. Kairat Kelimbetov - intloko yebhanki engundoqo Kazakh - oxele osasazo ukuba ngoku kuya kuthatyathwa amanyathelo kunye zokusonjululwa meko kuya kwenzeka, yaye abo bazama Asiyithandubuzi imeko ekuyiyo ngoku, silindele isohlwayo esiqatha. Wayebhekisela kubananisi, abazama ukugcina izinga lotshintshiselwano kwindawo phezulu.

Imiphumo ukwehla

Xa inkqubo yokuhlaliswa le meko, imali nakazwelonke sele eziqulathwe kwi 163 Tenge nganye 1 dollar. Oku kangangoko-20% endaweni ukunyuka izicwangciso-8%. Njengoko amanyathelo yemfundiso kwi ngeranti kwafuneka ukunciphisa ngoncedo imali yesizwe. Abahlaziyi sabonisa ukuba isenzo beziphantse ungaziva, engazi ukuba uya kuziphatha lo mbono, imali engange Russian, nayo leyo unefuthe lwemali kazwelonke Kazakhstan. Baphawule ngokuba, nangona iingxaki ezithile, ukuqhuba izithintelo kwintengiselwano angaphandle kweli lizwe angeke.

Uzinzo futhi uzinzo

Kazakhstan unesigxina izinzile, ekubeni isifundo nje ico, nto leyo eye kwasekwa isicwangciso kakhulu ixesha elide kwezoqoqosho de-2030.

Enye amanqanaba uphuhliso urhulumente ungeno lwayo WTO. Kwakhona izicwangciso ukufikelela isikhundla amagunya yeHlabathi alithe gangqa th 50 sikhundla. Nkqu Russia lilingana qhinga Kazakh kwezinye iindawo. Oku iqatshelwe meko kunye nokudalwa Ukuzinziswa Fund. Kazakhstan kuye kwasekwa esi sakhiwo imashumi-2 phambi phulo, urhulumente Russian iye yakhetha. loo manyathelo noPam ukuncedisa xa nokuzinziswa kwentlekele kwiimeko zoqoqosho ezinzima, kuquka ifuthe kwi engakwazanga ukuhlawula ngo-2014 Kazakhstan.

uqikelelo

Iingxaki kunye engagqibekanga eqikelelwayo Kazakhstan lupheliswe kwiNgxowa-mali le. Le isitokhwe ekhethekileyo "kuba mini ngemvula", nto leyo ikuvumela ukunciphisa iingozi ukugogeka kuqoqosho lweli lizwe, kuquka ezo wamqumbisa yi imeko zentlalo. Ezo zinto angaquka amaxabiso estate ukunyuka lokwenene kunye neemveliso kuyimfuneko. La manyathelo aye anceda ngexesha zokubhankisha nengxaki ka-2008 , xa i-US mortgage yokubolekisa iye engxakini izixa ezikhulu ezihlala.

Emva koko betha nje hayi iimarike zasekhaya kodwa angaphandle of Kazakhstan. Imeko yayibonakala jikelele, ngokukodwa kwimeko zokulahleka umdla amagunya ehlabathi ukutyala kule nkqubo yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Kodwa, yona, iingqikelelo abahlalutyi 'ngayo ngaphezu nentuthuzelo. Kazakhstan yenye kummandla Asian, leyo kwiminyaka eli10 ezayo ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngenxa yoko abaphambili amandla amaninzi Western, phezu kwazo nje iingxaki okwethutyana. amathuba ezinjalo ziyenzeka, njengoko imithombo kuphuhliso lizwe kuphola, kodwa West ngendebe endala kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

neengxaki

Inkqubo yemali ka Kazakhstan kwangaphambili ezininzi iingxaki, Noko ke, yena nako ukusombulula, njengako abahlalutyi. iibhanki amazwe kufuneka ngamaqabane Kazakh malunga $ 11 billion ngonyaka, yaye oku kuya kufuna ubuncinane refinance yinxalenye ye-mboleko, kwaye ebalulekileyo, hayi ngaphantsi kwe-70%, -. Kungenxa ityala lilonke 80 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2008 .. Le meko iya entla kuchaphazela isikhundla ngetyala yasekhaya, nto leyo echaphazela uphuhliso lwamashishini eli lizwe. Iphutha e Kazakhstan isenokuba kakuhle utshitshiseke iimpembelelo imeko yetyala lwangaphandle. iiprojekthi Government kuphuhliso loqoqosho kwakufuneka isichenge kule meko. Iibhanki ziza ngokuqinisekileyo uzame ukwandisa nokungena kwemali ngeendleko labemi, ukwanda kwenzala, kuquka ngamashishini amancinane, ngaloo ndlela zandise amaxabiso e Kazakhstan kwicandelo iinkonzo.

Ngubani ahlupheke?

Ukungagqibeki ku Kazakhstan, iimpembelelo kakhulu kwimarike izinto zokwakha. Le meko iye utsha ixesha elide. Kwavusa umbhodamo kwicandelo zokwakha egcina imali lizwe, njengoko abasekho ukuxhasa mortgage labantu yokubolekisa. Bengenayo imali eyaneleyo ukuze self-ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo, yaye utyalo-mali lwangaphandle zehla kakhulu.

Western eYurophu United States bazimisele ukukhupha imali-mboleko, kodwa umdla zokubambisa yaye ayiquki inxalenye yentlawulo kubo. Ixabiso kuboleko langaphandle iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko iinkqubo mboleko eli lizwe zazifumaneka kuphela kubasebenzi kwimibutho mali (ootitshala, oogqirha, amagosa njalo njalo. N.). Inkxaso enikwa uluhlu ethile kunye neentsapho abatsha ukuze ukwandisa izinga lokuzalwa. Amawaka iiprojekthi zokwakha kwilizwe liphela nje wayeka, oko kukhokelele ekwandeni kwentswelo-msebenzi. Kwakukho ebizwa ngokuba yi-iinkalo nempembelelo kuqoqosho. Ezinye Abezopolitiko bade abonwabileyo le miba, xa abaphuhlisi zemakethi iinkampani ezinkulu kuphela. Le meko zinzima kwaye uqhankqalazo abemi abaqhelekileyo, abo abatyali-real estate kwi izinto zibambene. Kodwa kukho intsikelelo ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, ngenxa yokuba iibhanki kwanyanzeleka ukuba anikele abatyali imbuyekezo ngaphezulu ukutsala imali simahla yabemi ubunokwazi ukulungisa le meko.

Simo lamazwe

Ilizwe ke kwimeko tight, kodwa abahlalutyi basekhaya ukunika Ingxelo ezintle. Noko ke, iingcali jikelele kukho ukwehla nangakumbi le meko, kukuba - engakwazanga ukuhlawula e Kazakhstan. Noko ke, ngokutsho abepolitiki amaninzi, ezi ubunzima okwethutyana kunye neenjongo zehlabathi eli lizwe, labenzela ithinzi nje kancinane. Kwi inkqubo kuzinziswa ngo-2009 urhulumente abelwe Dollars eziibhiliyoni ezi-4.. Nangona oku isixa engenamsebenzi ukuba kuzinziswe, kodwa ukunyuka okungephi kwezoqoqosho emva koko waphawulwa.

urhulumente izithembiso

Urhulumente uthembisa ukunqanda Ukuhlasela ayekwazi, akukho ngaphezu kwe-10% emali. Inxalenye ye yabantu lowo bachatshazelwe kakhulu yile ntlekele, libhekisela ezinawo elitsha noko leengcali abaselula kuburhulumente yentengiso kunye neenkonzo, kwakunye nabasebenzi amashishini amancinane kunye noosomashishini. Lwemali yesizwe Kazakhstan angayeka elishweni wayo, kodwa ke ixabiso ayikwazi ntsho ngenqaku elinye. Baya nakanjani kuvuka, uya kuqhuba abemi ekubandezelweni. Urhulumente uza kuqinisekisa ukuba iinketho ezininzi ezimbi ukuba imeko yophuhliso uya kuziphepha. Kuba iibhanki, le meko kungabangela ukuvalwa enkulu.

Amanyathelo ukuba uyeke kwesi crisis

IPalamente Kazakhstan i-ubeke uxanduva urhulumente afuna ukwamkelwa ezininzi imilinganiselo engekho semgangathweni. EPalamente ngokufanelekileyo ingqalelo kokuvalwa kwenkqubo mortgage ukubolekisa isoyikiso kuzinzo karhulumente. Bona kakuhle abazi yokuba ngummi avareji awunako ukuthenga izindlu imivuzo yabo, kwimeko engcono ufikelela kwinqanaba ka 700-750 zeerandi. Oku kuya kukhokelela iingxaki ezintsha, hayi nje kuphela kweli entsimini lwezindlu - baya yonke kuqoqosho Kazakhstan xa iyonke. Neerhuluneli nje awukwazi hlamusela ukupheliswa iinkqubo zezindlu kwaye zifuna kut- yenkxaso karhulumente ukuba abemi kulo mmandla ebalulekileyo. Uphazamiseko ishishini lokwakha kunye nemarike izindlu iyingozi kunye neendawo kuqoqosho ezifana iinkampani zemigodi, ngubani na ukuba lijongene nentlekele of hormone ngaxa lithile. Ngenxa yoku, ubonelelo amazwe of raw materials kufuneka kuncitshiswe, timhaka kuphela kumashishini karhulumente. Ngoko ke, imithombo zangaphakathi ziya kusiwa ngqo ekusombululeni ingxaki ibalulekileyo, nto leyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha iza kubonelela chain reaction ukuphuma yeengxaki ezikhoyo kule lizwe. Kazakhstan uthemba ukufumana ukubaleka kunye imikhosi yayo kuphela.